Bearings

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Bearings
Lubrication

RTD’ s

Lubrication
Control system
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Power Generation Industrial Applications

Bearings
Thrust bearing

Applications 1
Bearings can be classified into four basic categories:
Applications 2

Applications 3
• Rolling contact, load supported by balls or rollers
• Hydrostatic, load supported by high pressure fluid
• Hydrodynamic, load supported by a lubricant film
• Magnetic, load supported by magnetic fields

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Bearings
Thrust bearing

Applications 1

Applications 2

Applications 3

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 Bearings
Journal bearing

Applications 1

Applications 2

Applications 3

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Bearings
Hydrodynamic thrust and journal bearing

Applications 1

Applications 2

Applications 3

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Bearings
Hydrodynamic principle

Applications
Based on his theoretical investigation of
cylindrical journal bearings, Professor Osborne
Principle

Parts

Parameters
Reynolds showed that oil, because of its
Lubrication adhesion to the journal and its resistance to
RTD’ s flow (viscosity), is dragged by the rotation of the
journal so as to form a wedge-shaped film
between the journal and journal bearing.

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 Bearings
Hydrodynamic principle

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Oil film pressure distribution

Applications
This action
sets up the
Principle

Parts

Parameters
pressure in
Lubrication the oil film,
RTD’ s which there
by supports
the load.

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Bearings
Pivoted shoe thrust bearing

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

1. Pivot
2. Bearing block
or shoe
3. Oil
4. Collar
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 Bearings
Thrust and journal bearing part

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Thrust bearing double sided

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

1. Thrust pad

2. Segment stop

3. Levelling plates

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Bearings
Babbit

Applications
Babbitt
Principle

Parts
The babbitt is a high-tin material, metallurgical
Parameters
bonded to the body. As with the collar, the
Lubrication babbitt surface must be smooth and flat in
RTD’ s comparison to the film thickness.

The babbitt is a soft material (compared to the

shaft) which serves two functions: It traps and
imbeds contaminants so that these particles do
not heavily score or damage the shaft. It also
protects the shaft from extensive damage should
external condition result in interruption of the film
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and the parts come in contact.
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 Bearings
Body

Applications
Body
The shoe body is the supporting structure, which
Principle

Parts

Parameters
holds the babbitt and allows freedom to pivot.
Lubrication The material is typically steel.
RTD’ s

Bronze is sometimes used (with or without

babbitt) depending on the application.

Chrome copper is used to reduce babbitt

temperature.

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Bearings
Pivot

Applications
Pivot
The pivot allows the shoe to rotate and form a
Principle

Parts

Parameters
wedge. It may be integral with the shoe body, or
Lubrication be a separate insert.
RTD’ s

The pivot surface is spherical to allow 360'

rolling freedom.

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Bearings
Tolerance, alignment and equalisation

Applications
Tolerance, alignment and equalisation
Principle

Parts

Parameters
In a machine, alignment and load distribution are
Lubrication not perfect because of manufacturing tolerances
RTD’ s in the housing, shaft and bearing elements.

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 Bearings
Tolerance, alignment and equalisation

Applications
There are three areas of concern:
Principle

Parts

Parameters
1. The squareness of the collar (and parallelism
Lubrication of the journal) to the axis of the shaft which
RTD’ s is assembled to, or machined on the shaft.
2. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and
housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance
stack-up of the bearing parts and the housing
bores and faces.
3. The alignment of shafts between machines
which are aligned and coupled together on
site.
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Bearings
Film formation and alignment features

Applications
In pivoted shoe thrust bearings, the levelling
plates accommodate static misalignment and
Principle

Parts

Parameters
manufacturing tolerances in the shoe height.
Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Pre-load

Applications
Endplay is the axial thrust bearing clearance,
which is the distance, the shaft can move
Principle

Parts

Parameters
between opposing thrust bearings.
Lubrication

RTD’ s For journal bearings, the radial clearance is half

the difference of the journal bearing bore and
journal diameter.

Endplay and radial clearance are required to

allow for misalignment, shoe movement, and
thermal expansion of the parts. If set too tight,
power is wasted.
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 Bearings
Pre-load

Applications
Preload pertains mostly to journal bearings and
is a measure of the curvature of the shoe to the
Principle

Parts

Parameters
clearance in the bearing.
Lubrication

RTD’ s The shoe curvature is another parameter which

effects the hydrodynamic film, allowing design
variations in bearing stiffness and damping to
control the dynamics of the 'Machine.

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Bearings
Pre-load

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Oil flow path

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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 Bearings
Kingsbury thrust bearing

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Lubricant flow path

Applications

Principle
The
Parts
Kingsbury
Parameters design
Lubrication introduces
RTD’ s
cool oil
directly into
the oil film,
insulating the
shoe surface
from hot oil
that adheres
to the shaft.
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Bearings
Kingsbury journal bearing

Applications
The same technology
is applied to pivoted
Principle

Parts

Parameters
shoe journal bearings.
Lubrication

RTD’ s

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 Bearings
Journal bearing

Applications
Or by using oil nozzles:
Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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3
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Bearings
Cooling system

Applications
A cooling system is required to remove the heat
generated by friction in the oil. The housing may
Principle

Parts

Parameters
simply be air cooled if heat is low.
Lubrication

RTD’ s

Vertical bearings typically sit in an oil bath with

cooling coils, but the oil can also be cooled by an
external cooling system as typical in horizontal
applications.

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Bearings
Position RTD

Applications
Bearing health is commonly monitored through
the use of temperature detectors.
Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s The recommended location for a detector is

termed the "75/75 location”.

This position represents the most critical area

because it is the point where peak film
pressures, minimum film thickness, and hot
temperatures co-exist.
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 Bearings
Position RTD

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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Bearings
Federal Mogul tilting pad bearing with 4 pads

Applications

Principle

Parts

Parameters

Lubrication

RTD’ s

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