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General Chemistry 2
Quarter 4 - Module 6
Electrochemical Cell:
Galvanic Cell

Name of Learner:

Grade & Section:

Name of School:

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 Module
Electrochemical Cell:
6
Galvanic Cell

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you be better in identifying the reactions occurring in the different parts of the cell
(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-172). In addition, This module will define what is reduction potential,
oxidation potential and cell potential(STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-176). Calculation of the
standard cell potential will also be discussed (STEM_GC11ABIVf-g-178). The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify reactions occurring in the different parts of the cell;

2. Differentiate reduction potential, oxidation and cell potential;
3. Calculate the standard cell potential.

What’s In
Activity 1: Background Check
Learning Intention: To relearn the basic concepts and terminologies of a redox reaction.
FILL IN THE BLANKS: Fill-in the missing word in the sentence. Use the words provided inside the box.

pairs reduction
oxidation number reducing agent accepts
reduction-oxidation oxidizing agent gain of oxygen
oxidized loss of hydrogen loss of oxygen
reduced gain of hydrogen oxidation
Any chemical reaction in which a molecule, an atom or an ion’s
is changed by gaining or losing an electron is a
reaction. Redox reactions always occur in such as when one is ,
the other is . is the loss of electrons while
is the gain of electrons. An atom that loses the electron is the
and the one that accepts the electron is the
. With respect to hydrogen and oxygen transfer, oxidation is the
and while reduction is the and
.

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 What’s New
Activity 2: Redox reaction at work
This activity will give the students an insight about the application of a redox reaction
-- an electrochemical cell.

Picture A Picture B

Zinc strip

Copper sulfate solution Copper Sulfate solution

Color: Aqua blue Color: Light blue
Figure 1: A spontaneous redox-reaction of zinc and copper

1. Observe the difference between the two pictures above. Write your observations in the table
below.
Picture A Picture B

2. Where do you think the metal deposit on the zinc strip came from? Name the metal that is
being deposited on the zinc strip.

3. Is the reaction a redox? (Support your answer). If yes, identify which substance is reduced and
which is oxidized.

4. Why do you think the color changes from aqua blue to light blue?

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 What is it
Electrochemical Cell: Voltaic cell

An electrochemical cell is a device is capable of converting chemical energy into electrical

energy or using electrical energy to cause chemical reactions. Electrochemical cells are either galvanic or
electrolytic. Galvanic Cell or also known as voltaic cell, produces electrical energy from a spontaneous
reduction-oxidation reaction(delta G<0). On the other hand, an electrolytic cell requires an electrical
energy from an external source in order for the non-spontaneous reaction to occur(delta G > 0).
Electrochemical cells are made up of two half-cells, each consisting of an electrode which is dipped in an
electrolyte. In this module, we will focus on voltaic cell.

Figure 2: Voltaic Cell

Image source: https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/17-2galvanic-cells/

In this figure, the left-hand side is the anode which consists of a copper electrode immersed in a
1M(g/mol) solution of copper (II) nitrate and the right-hand side is the cathode which consists of a
silver electrode immersed in a 1 M silver nitrate solution. The flow of electrons is from left to right:
from the anode to the cathode. Oxidation always occurs at the anode while reduction in the cathode in
a galvanic cell. The oxidized copper, 𝑪𝒖𝟐+ reacts with the 𝑵𝑶− and goes into the solution. Meanwhile,
the 𝟑
+
𝑨𝒈 ions present in the solution in the cathode is being reduced and is deposited in the Ag electrode.
This explains the metal deposits present in the zinc strip in the previous activity. The salt bridge,
𝑵𝒂𝑵𝑶𝟑 connects the reduction and oxidation half reactions in a galvanic cell. The purpose of salt bridge
is to maintain the charge balance because electrons are moving from one half-cell to another. In order
to maintain neutrality, the negatively charged ion, 𝑵𝑶− migrates to the anode wherethe solution is
becoming more positive because of the loss of electrons.
𝟑 In a similar manner, the positively charged
ions, 𝑵𝒂+ migrates to the cathode where the solution is becoming more negative because of the gain of
electrons. The electrical potential that is being generated due to the movement of electrons from the
anode to the cathode is measured using a voltmeter.

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 Half Reactions
It is easier to view the redox reaction in an electrochemical cell as a pair of half reactions that occur
simultaneously: the oxidation and reduction half reactions. Half-reactions separate the oxidation from
the reduction, so each can be considered individually.
Example: Cu and Ag Galvanic Cell
Anode (Oxidation Half Reaction): 𝑪𝒖(𝒔) −→ 𝑪𝒖𝟐+ + 𝟐𝒆−(𝒂𝒒)
−
Cathode (Reduction Half Reaction): 𝟐𝑨𝒈+ + 𝟐𝒆(𝒂𝒒) −→ 𝟐𝑨𝒈(𝒔)
Overall Reaction: 𝟐𝑨𝒈+
+ 𝑪𝒖(𝒔) −→ 𝟐𝑨𝒈(𝒔) + 𝑪𝒖𝟐+
(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒)
Law of conservation of mass: The reduction half-reaction had to be doubled so the number of electrons gained will equal to the
number of the electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction.
+
𝑨𝒈(𝒂𝒒) + 𝒆−−→ 𝑨𝒈(𝒔)
𝟐 𝒙 (𝑨𝒈 (𝒂𝒒) + 𝒆− −→ 𝑨𝒈(𝒔) )
+

The half-reactions are balanced separately, and then added to each other to arrive at the balanced
equation.

Cell Potential
The cell potential is the measure of potential difference between the two electrodes of a
voltaic cell in volts(V). Cell potential is commonly called voltage of the cell. In any voltaic cell, the cell
potential is positive. The magnitude of the cell potential varies depending on the temperature,
concentration of the reactants and products and the reactions that occur in the cathode and anode. In
this module, we will focus on the cell potentials under standard conditions.

Standard Reduction and Standard Oxidation Potentials

The standard reduction and standard oxidation potentials are determined
experimentally using a SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode) under specified conditions.

• Standard Reduction Potential

-The potential in which there is likelihood that a species will be reduced. It is written in
the form of reduction half reaction.
𝑨𝑪+ + 𝑪𝒆−−→ 𝑨 equation 1
where “A” is the element and C is the charge
Example:
The standard reduction potential, 𝑬𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of copper is
−
𝑪𝒖 + 𝟐𝒆 −→ 𝑪𝒖
𝟐+ 𝟎
𝑬𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = +𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟎𝑽

• Standard Oxidation Potential

- The potential in which there is likelihood that a species will be oxidized. It is written in
the form of oxidation half reaction.
𝑨 −→ 𝑨𝑪+ + 𝑪𝒆− equation 2
Example:
The standard oxidation potential, 𝑬𝟎 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, of copper is
−
𝑪𝒖 −→ 𝑪𝒖 + 𝟐𝒆
𝟐+
𝑬𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟎𝑽
𝟎

The relationship between standard reduction potential and standard oxidation potential is:
𝑬𝟎 = −𝑬𝟎 equation 3
𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏,
Standard Cell Potential, 𝑬𝟎 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍
The standard cell potential, also known as standard electrode potential, is the potential
difference between the cathode and the anode under standard state conditions; 298 K, 1 atm, and with
1 M solutions.

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 𝑬𝟎 = 𝑬𝟎 (𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆) + 𝑬𝟎 (𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆) equation 4
𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏,
where:
𝑬𝟎𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆) is the standard reduction potential for the reduction half reaction
occurring at the cathode;
𝑬𝟎𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆)is the standard oxidation potential for the oxidation half reaction
occurring at the anode.

Calculating Standard Cell Potential

When calculating standard cell potential for a reaction, consider the following steps: Step 1: Identify
which metal will undergo oxidation and which metal will undergo reduction reaction. Refer to the table
below.
Tip: You can identify which metal will be reduced and which will be oxidized in a voltaic cell by looking at the values of
their reduction potential. Less positive and/or negative values mean the metal is easily oxidized. Li has the most
negative reduction potential; thus, Li has the greatest tendency to be oxidized (its corresponding ion Li+ is the hardest
to reduce). In contrast, 𝑭− has the highest reduction potential, thus, it is the hardest to oxidized (𝑭𝟐(𝒈)is the easiest to
reduce).
Step 2: Write the oxidation and reduction half reaction.
Step 3: Use the table of standard reduction potentials given below and look for the standard potentials
of the reduction half-reaction (𝑬𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ). For the oxidation potential
of the oxidation halfreaction (𝑬𝟎 ), reverse the sign ofthe 𝑬𝟎 (equation 3).
𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Step 4: Add the potentials of the half-cells to calculate the overall standard cell potential. (Note:
The calculated cell potential is always positive in a voltaic cell)
𝑬𝟎 = 𝑬𝟎 (𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆) + 𝑬𝟎 (𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆)
𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Table 1: Standard reduction potentials in water at 𝟐𝟓𝒐𝑪

𝟎
𝑬𝒓𝒆𝒅 (V) Reduction Half-Reaction
+2.87 𝑭𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝟐 𝑭− (𝒂𝒒)
+1.51 𝑴𝒏𝑶−𝟒(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟖 𝑯+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟓𝒆− −→ 𝑴𝒏𝟐+(𝒂𝒒)+ 𝟒 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)
+1.36 𝑪𝒍(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝒆− −→ 𝟐 𝑪𝒍− (𝒂𝒒)
+1.33 𝑪𝒓𝟐 𝑶𝟐−𝟕(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟏𝟒 𝑯+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟔 𝒆− −→ 𝟐 𝑪𝒓 𝟑+ (𝒂𝒒)
+ 𝟕 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)
−
+1.23 𝑶𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟒 𝑯 (𝒂𝒒) + 𝟒 𝒆 −→ 𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)
+

+1.06 𝑩𝒓𝟐(𝒍) + 𝟐 𝒆− −→ 𝟐 𝑩𝒓− (𝒂𝒒)

+0.96 𝑵𝑶−𝟑(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟒 𝑯+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟑 𝒆− −→ 𝑵𝑶(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍)
+0.80 𝑨𝒈(𝒂𝒒)+
+ 𝒆−−→ 𝑨𝒈(𝒔)
+0.77 𝑭𝒆𝟑+ + 𝒆−−→ 𝑭𝒆𝟐+
(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒)
+0.68 𝑶𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑯+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐𝒆−−→ 𝑯𝟐𝑶𝟐(𝒂𝒒)
+0.59 𝑴𝒏𝑶−𝟒(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) + 𝟑𝒆− −→ 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟐(𝒔) + 𝟒 𝑶𝑯− (𝒂𝒒)
+0.54 𝑰𝟐(𝒔) + 𝟐𝒆− −→ 𝟐 𝑰− (𝒂𝒒)
+0.40 𝑶𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) + 𝟒 𝒆− −→ 𝟒 𝑶𝑯− (𝒂𝒒)
+0.34 𝑪𝒖𝟐+(𝒂𝒒)
+ 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝑪𝒖(𝒔)
0 [defined] 𝟐 𝑯+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝑯𝟐(𝒈)
-0.28 𝑵𝒊𝟐+(𝒂𝒒)+ 𝟐 𝒆− −→ 𝑵𝒊(𝒔)
-0.44 𝟐+
𝑭𝒆(𝒂𝒒)+ 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝑭𝒆(𝒔)
-0.76 𝒁𝒏𝟐+ + 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝒁𝒏(𝒔)
(𝒂𝒒)
-0.83 𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) + 𝟐 𝒆− −→ 𝑯𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑶𝑯− (𝒂𝒒)
-1.66 𝑨𝒍𝟑+(𝒂𝒒)+ 𝟑 𝒆− −→ 𝑨𝒍(𝒔)
-2.71
+
𝑵𝒂(𝒂𝒒) + 𝒆−−→ 𝑵𝒂(𝒔)
-3.05 𝑳𝒊+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝒆− −→ 𝑳𝒊(𝒔)

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 EXAMPLE 2: Calculate the standard cell potential of 𝑨𝒍and Zn voltaic cell.

Step 1: Identify which electrode will spontaneously undergo reduction and which will
undergo oxidation. Refer to Table 1.
Al has a reduction potential of -1.66
Zn has a reduction potential of -0.76
Both metals have a negative reduction potential. However, Al has a more negative
reduction potential than that of Zn. Therefore, the Al electrode has a greater tendency
to spontaneously undergo oxidation.

Step 2: Write the half reactions for each process.

−
Anode (Oxidation Half Reaction): 𝑨𝒍(𝒔) −→ 𝑨𝒍𝟑+
(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟑 𝒆
−
(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐 𝒆 −→ 𝒁𝒏(𝒔)
𝟐+
Cathode (Reduction Half Reaction): 𝒁𝒏

Step 3: Look for the 𝑬𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of the metal electrode in Table 1:

𝑬𝟎𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of 𝐙𝐧 = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 V

To obtain the oxidation potential of Al, we reverse the sign of the standard reduction potential of
Al;
𝑬𝟎𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of 𝐀𝐥 = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 V (obtained from Table 1)
𝑬𝟎 of 𝑨𝒍(𝒔) = −𝑬𝟎 of 𝑨𝒍𝟑+
𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒂𝒒)
= −(−𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝑽)
= 1.66 V
Step 4: Add the two half- cell potentials
. 𝑬𝟎 = 𝑬𝟎 (𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆) + 𝑬𝟎 (𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆)
𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
= 𝑬𝟎 of 𝐙𝐧 + 𝑬𝟎 of 𝑨𝒍(𝒔)
𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
= −𝟎. 𝟕𝟔 𝑽 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝑽
= 𝟎. 𝟗 𝑽

EXAMPLE 2: Calculate the standard cell potential between the reaction of Cu and Ag.

Step 1: Identify which metal will spontaneously undergo reduction and which will undergo
oxidation. Refer to Table 1.

Both metals have a positive reduction potential. However, Cu has a less positive
reduction potential. Therefore, Cu metal has a greater tendency to spontaneously
undergo oxidation.

Step 2: Write the half reactions for each process.

Anode (Oxidation Half Reaction): 𝑪𝒖(𝒔) −→ 𝑪𝒖𝟐+(𝒂𝒒)+ 𝟐𝒆−
Cathode (Reduction Half Reaction): 𝟐𝑨𝒈+(𝒂𝒒) + 𝟐𝒆−−→ 𝟐𝑨𝒈(𝒔)

Step 3: Look for the standard reduction potential of the metal electrode in Table
1. To obtain the oxidation potential, we negate the standard reduction potential.
𝑬𝟎𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 of 𝑨𝒈 = +0.80 V
𝑬𝟎 of 𝑪𝒖 = −𝑬𝟎 of 𝑪𝒖𝟐+ = -(0.34 V) = -0.34V
𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Step 4: Add the two half-cell𝟎 potentials

.𝑬 = 𝑬𝟎 (𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅𝒆) + 𝑬𝟎 (𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒅𝒆)
𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝑽 + (−𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝑽)
= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝑽

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 What’s More
Activity 3: Let us test your potential!
1. Consider the following voltaic cell:

a. Which metal electrode is the cathode?

b. Write the reduction, oxidation half-cell reaction and the overall reaction.

c. Calculate the standard cell potential of the cell (show your solution).

2. Using the standard reduction potential data in Figure 3, calculate the standard cell potential of the
following reactions: (Show your solution)
a. 𝑯𝟐(𝒈) + 𝑭𝟐(𝒈)−→ 𝟐𝑯+ + 𝟐𝑭−
(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒)

b. 𝑪𝒖𝟐+ + 𝑪𝒂(𝒔) −→ 𝑪𝒖(𝒔) + 𝑪𝒂𝟐+

(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒)

c. 𝟑𝑭𝒆𝟐+ + 𝑭𝒆(𝒔) −→ 𝟐𝑭𝒆(𝒔) + 𝟐𝑭𝒆𝟑+

(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒)

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 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Matching Type
Match column A to column B: Column A contains the half reaction equation of the cell and Column B
contains the corresponding cell potential of the half-cell equation. Write the letter of the answer in the
blank provided before the number.

Column A Column B
−
1. 𝑨𝒈 +
+ 𝒆 −→ 𝑨𝒈(𝒔) a. 𝑬𝟎 = −𝟐. 𝟖𝟕 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
2. 𝑭𝒆𝟑+ + 𝒆−−→ 𝑭𝒆𝟐+ b. 𝑬𝟎 = +𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
3. 𝑭𝒆𝟐+ + 𝟐 𝒆−−→ 𝑭𝒆(𝒔) c. 𝑬𝟎 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟖 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
4. 𝑯𝟐𝑶𝟐(𝒂𝒒)−→ 𝑶𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑯+ + 𝟐𝒆− d. 𝑬𝟎 = +𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
5. 𝑴𝒏𝑶− + 𝟖 𝑯+ + 𝟓𝒆− −→ 𝑴𝒏𝟐+ + 𝟒 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) e. 𝑬𝟎 = +𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 𝑽
𝟒(𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒) (𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
6. 𝑶𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) + 𝟒 𝒆− −→ 𝟒 𝑶𝑯− f. 𝑬𝟎 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
7. 𝑴𝒏𝑶𝟐(𝒔) + 𝟒 𝑶𝑯− −→ 𝑴𝒏𝑶− + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶(𝒍) + 𝟑𝒆− g. 𝑬𝟎 = + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝟒(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
8. 𝟐 𝑭− −→ 𝑭𝟐(𝒈) + 𝟐 𝒆− h. 𝑬𝟎 = −𝟑. 𝟎𝟓 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
9. 𝑳𝒊+ + 𝒆− −→ 𝑳𝒊(𝒔) i. 𝑬𝟎 = −𝟎. 𝟓𝟗 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅
10. 𝑭𝒆(𝒔) −→ 𝑭𝒆𝟐+ + 𝟐 𝒆− j. 𝑬𝟎 = +𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 𝑽
(𝒂𝒒) 𝒓𝒆𝒅

9|Page
 What I Can Do
20
Activity 6: It is better to have a higher potential!
1. Draw a voltaic cell that consists of two half-cells: the oxidation and the reduction half-cell. Write
your drawing in the box provided.

a. Label the voltaic cell you’ve drawn using the following: Metal
electrode: Copper, 𝑪𝒖(𝒔)
Metal Electrode: Zinc, 𝒁𝒏(𝒔)
Potassium Chloride, 𝑲𝑪𝒍
1 M Copper sulfate solution (𝑪𝒖𝑺𝑶𝟒) 1 M
Zinc sulfate solution (𝒁𝒏𝑺𝑶𝟒)
Voltmeter
b. Show the direction of the flow of electrons and ions.

2. Explain briefly how the voltaic cell operates in order to produce an electrical energy from a
chemical reaction.

3. Calculate the standard cell potential, 𝑬𝟎 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍 of the reaction between 𝒁𝒏 and 𝑪𝒖.
Show your solution.

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 Assessment
Directions. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. For questions 1 to 5. In a voltaic cell, reduction occurs at the

a. cathode c. right
b. anode d. salt bridge
2. and oxidation occurs at the
a. cathode c. left
b. anode d. none of the above
3. The movement of electrons is from
a. anode to cathode c. salt bridge to cathode
b. cathode to anode d. salt bridge to anode
4. The movement of the negative ions is
a. anode to cathode c. salt bridge to cathode
b. cathode to anode d. salt bridge to anode
5. The movement of the positive ions
a. anode to cathode c. salt bridge to cathode
b. cathode to anode d. salt bridge to anode
6. The loss of electrons in the anode makes the solution
a. more negative c. more positive
b. neutral d. none of the above
7. The gain of electrons in the cathode makes the solution
a. more negative c. more positive
b. neutral d. none of the above
8. The standard condition is
a. at 298K, 1 atm and 1M solution c. At 298K, 1 atm, and 1g/mole solution
b. at 25𝑜𝐶, 1atm, and1m solution d. both a and c
9. The following can act as salt bridge except
a. 𝐾𝐶𝑙 c. 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂(3)
b. 𝐾𝑁𝑂(3) d.𝑃𝑏𝑁𝑂(3)
10. The oxidation half-reaction of Fe is written as
a. 𝐹𝑒(𝑠) −→ 𝐹𝑒 2+ + 2𝑒 − c. 𝐹𝑒 3+ + 3𝑒 − −→ 𝐹𝑒(𝑠)
(𝑎𝑞) (𝑎𝑞)
−
b. 𝐹𝑒 2+
(𝑎𝑞)+ 2𝑒 −→ 𝐹𝑒(𝑠) d. both b and c
11. The reduction half-reaction of Fe is written as
a. 𝐹𝑒(𝑠) −→ 𝐹𝑒 2+ + 2𝑒 − c. 𝐹𝑒 3+ + 3𝑒 − −→ 𝐹𝑒(𝑠)
(𝑎𝑞) (𝑎𝑞)
−
b. 𝐹𝑒 2+
2𝑒 −→ 𝐹𝑒(𝑠)
(𝑎𝑞)+ d. both b and c
12. The reduction potential of 𝐵𝑟2(𝑙) in water at 25 𝐶 is
𝑜

a. -1.06 c. both a and b

b. +1.06 d. none of the above
13. The oxidation potential of 𝐵𝑟2(𝑙) in water at 25𝑜 𝐶 is
a. -1.06 c. both a and b
b. +1.06 d. none of the above
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 14. For items 14 and 15, refer to the data in Figure 3. Arrange the following metal electrodes (Al, Zn,
Ni and Cu) from the metal that has greater tendency to be oxidized to the metal that has the least
tendency to be oxidized in water at 25𝑜𝐶.
a. Al, Zn, Ni, Cu c. Zn, Al, Ni Cu
b. Cu, Ni, Zn, Al d. Cu, Ni, Zn, Al
15. Which is true for 𝐹2(𝑔)
a. 𝐹2(𝑔) is the strongest reducing agent
b. 𝐹2(𝑔) is the weakest oxidizing agent
c. 𝐹2(𝑔) is the strongest oxidizing agent
d. None of the above

Additional Activities
Activity 7: Let’s add more!

Directions: Consider the following table of standard electrode potentials for a series
of hypothetical reactions in aqueous solution:

a. Which substance is the strongest oxidizing agent? Which is the weakest oxidizing agent?

b. Which substance is the strongest reducing agent? Which the weakest reducing agent?

c. Which substance(s) can oxidize 𝑪𝟐+?

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 References
Books:
Teaching Guide for Senior High school, GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2, Page 551-573 Theodore E. Brown,
H. Eugene H LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten. Chemistry The Central Science, 13th Edition.
Electronic Resources:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Principles_of_Mo
dern_Chemistry_(Oxtoby_et_al.)/UNIT_4%3A_EQUILIBRIUM_IN_CHEMICAL_REACTIONS/17
%3A_Electrochemistry/17.1%3A_Electrochemical_Cells
https://byjus.com/chemistry/galvanic-cell/

https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/5477/why-is-it-important-to-use-a-salt-
bridge-in-a-voltaic-cell-can-a-wire-be-used

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-albany-chemistry/chapter/galvanic-cells/

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(
Analytical_Chemistry)/Electrochemistry/Voltaic_Cells/The_Cell_Potential

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/howtosolveit/Electrochem/Electrochemical_C
ell_Potentials.htm#:~:text=A%20cell's%20standard%20state%20potential,atmosphere%2
0at%2025oC.&text=Write%20the%20oxidation%20and%20reduction%20half-
reactions%20for%20the%20cell

Development Team Region IX Hymn

Writer: Kylsy M. Sarcauga OUR EDEN LAND
Editor(s): Lourman Galiza
Here the trees and Golden beams of
Reviewer: Ma. Theresa C. Tarranza flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset,
PSDS-SHS Here the breezes Are visions you’ll never
Illustrator: gently blow, forget.
Layout Artist: Oh! That’s Region
Here the birds sing
Management Team: IX... merrily,
DANNY B. CORDOVA, EdD. CESO VI And liberty forever Hardworking people
SDS-Pagadian City stays, abound,
Every valley and dale
MA. COLLEEN L. EMORICHA, EdD. CESE ASDS
Here the Badjaos Zamboangenos,
swam the seas, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Here
MARIA DIOSA Z. PERALTA the Samals live in Cebuanos, Ilocanos, peace,
CID Chief Subanens,
Boholanos,
Here the Tausogs Illongos,
MA. MADELENE P. MITUDA, EdD. LRMDS thrive so free, All of them are proud
With the Yakans in and true
MILA P. ARAO unity. Region IX our
EPS-Science Eden Land.
Gallant men
And Ladies
fair,
Linger with love and Region IX, our Eden
care, Land.

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