LEARNING TASK 4 (September 27 - October 2, 2021)

Topic: PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING

Topic Overview:
This lesson internalizes on the value of problem solving and reasoning. Knowing the
concepts about problem solving is significant for us to be able to solve problems accurately and
diligently. Reasons strengthens justifications on why’s and how’s.
Desired Learning Outcome:
At the end of learning task 4, the students are expected to use the different types
of reasoning to justify statements and arguments made about mathematics and mathematical
concepts.

PRE – ASSESSMENT 4

NAME: _____________________________________ SECTION: _____________

A. Answer the following riddles.

1. Place three matches on a table. Tell a friend to add two more matches to make eight.
2. Divide 20 by half and add 30, what do you get?
3. Add me to myself and multiply by 4. Divide me by 8 and you will have me once more.
What number am I?
4. There are two fathers and two sons. They walk into a candy store and each buys a
candy bar for P10.00. The total for all candy they bought was P30. How is that possible?
5. You are between two CH.

B. Complete the KenKen puzzle below. C. Solve the problem.

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT 4

Lesson: PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING

Problem Solving
Problem Solving is a systematic approach which defines a problematic situation and
identifies the problem as an opportunity for which a resolution or solution is needed to be
implemented by an individual or group, which will lead to the introduction of new concepts and
extend previously learned knowledge.
Polya’s 4 Steps
George Polya is a Hungarian mathematician who immigrated in the United States in
1940. He wrote a book entitled: How to Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method. In here,
he introduced the 4 Steps in Problem Solving:
1. Understand the Problem - What is unknown? What are the data? What is the
condition?
2. Devise a Plan - How will you solve the unknown? What tools shall you use?
3. Carry out the Plan - Do the steps to solve the unknown by implementing your plan.
4. Look Back - Examine the solution obtained. Can you use the result or the method for
some other problem?
Reasoning
It is one of the best forms of controlled thinking consciously towards the solution. There
are two kinds of reasoning:
1. Inductive Reasoning - is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining
specific examples.
2. Deductive Reasoning - is the process of reaching a conclusion by applying general
assumptions, procedures, or principles.
Problem Solving with Patterns
 The Fibonacci Sequence
As learned in the previous learning task, a Fibonacci Sequence is a special type of
sequence since it has a consistent series of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,13, 21 and so on. Each
term is obtained by adding the first two preceding terms before it.
Example:
Find the 11th term of the Fibonacci sequence.
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
X 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
Thus, the 11 term is 89.
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 KenKen Puzzle
KenKen is an arithmetic - based logic puzzle that was invented by the Japanese
mathematics teacher named Tetsuya Miyamoto in 2004. KenKen etymologically means
Knowledge and Awareness as synonyms. KenKen is Ken2 or knowledge squared or awarenedd
squared.
Example: Since it is a 3 x 3 Square Grid, the only numbers that we
can put are 1, 2, and 3 by which in each row and column,
there will be no repetition of numbers.

This is called a cage. A cage is a closed heavenly outlined

1
area. This one is the easiest to solve. Since the indicated
number here is 1, we can already put 1. The plus sign
indicates that the numbers inside the cage must be added.

Look closely. Another cage that can be solved easily is

2 1
the encircled one. We can notice that the indicator 3+
means that if you add the numbers inside this cage, the
1
resulting number must be 3. Since there are 2 squares, we
can use 1 and 2. But 1 cannot be written at the topmost
square because another 1 is already written in that row.
Instead, we will write 2 at the topmost.
 2 1
If we analyze, the first column has only one vacant square
1 so 3 can now be written in the last square for that column.

By continuous analysis, fill out the remaining squares.

2 3 1
Check if there is no repeated number in each row and
column. 1 2 3

3 1 2
 Sudoku
It is an easy to learn logic - based number placement puzzle. Sudoku is short for Su - ji
wa dokushin ni kagiru which means the numbers must be single.
The sudoku puzzle rooted from Switzerland. Leonhard Euler created carre latin in the
18 century which is similar to Sudoku puzzle but without additional constraint on the contents
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of individual regions. The first real sudoku puzzle was published in 1979 and was invented by
Howard Garns, an American architect.
The real worldwide popularity started in Japan in 1986 after it was published and given
the name Sudoku by Nikoli.
There are 6, 670, 903, 752, 021, 072, 936, 960 possible Sudoku puzzles.

Like KenKen Puzzle, the repetition of each number

in each row, column and region is not allowed. All we have
to do is to place the single digits once in each row, column
and region.

There are a lot of variations of Sudoku Puzzle and

here is an example of 9 x 9 Sudoku puzzle.

 Math Riddles
This are logic and analysis - based activity that shall be answered promptly and correctly.
Examples are:
1. I am a number with a couple of friends, quarter a dozen and you’ll find me
again. What am I?
2. I am an odd number; take away an alphabet and I become even. What number
am I?
3. I’m there once in a minute, twice in a moment but never in a thousand years.
Who am I?

Now that you already learned Lesson 4, you are ready to face the challenges
set in the Post Assessment 4 in order to test your learning about Problem Solving
and Reasoning. Good luck!
POST – ASSESSMENT 4

Name: _______________________________________ Course and Section: ___________

A. Answer the following riddles.

1. How many 9’s are there between 1 and 100?
2. If 9999 = 4, 8888 = 8, 1816 = 3, 1212 = 0, then 1919 = ?
3. What is half of two plus two?
4. Mom and Dad have four daughters, and each daughter has one brother. How many
people are in the family?
5. How can you add eight 8’s to get the number 1000?
B. Complete the KenKen Puzzle. C. Solve the Sudoku Puzzle.

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 4
Name: ________________________________________ Course and Section: ___________

I Am A Journalist
Directions: Write down your learning today most especially on the methods and strategies that
you observed in this module. The enrichment journal activity will serve as your compilation of
learning as you go on with this module, not only mathematical concepts but also on teaching
techniques and lessons in life.
The mathematical concept that I appreciate the most is
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In this learning task, the value/moral that I learned about myself and in life is
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I promise to use these learning by
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Scoring Rubric per item:

Content 4 pts
Relevance 3 pts
Organization of Ideas 3 pts
10 pts