‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺳودان ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم واﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻣرﻛز اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ )ﺳﺗس(‬
‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ‬
‫‪EFFICIENCY OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING‬‬
‫‪AEROBIC DIGESTION METHODS :‬‬
‫‪ACASE STUDY OF OMDURMAN MILITARY MEDICAL‬‬
‫‪HOSPITAL‬‬
‫ﺑﺣث ﺗﻛﻣﯾﻠﻲ ﻟﻧﯾل درﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺟﺳﺗﯾر ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﺗﺷﯾﯾد‬

‫ﺑﻌﻧوان ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻘوﯾم ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﮭﺿم اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫)دراﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻲ اﻟﺳﻼح اﻟطﺑﻲ اﻣدرﻣﺎن (‬
‫إﻋداد اﻟﺑﺎﺣث ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﺻدﯾق ﻣﺣﻣد‬
‫اﺷراف ﻣﮭﻧدس ﻣﺳﺗﺷﺎر ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺑد اﻟﻘﺎدر ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﻣر ﺗﻣﯾم‬

‫دﯾﺳﻣﺑر‪٢٠٠٩‬م‬
 ‫ﺑﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫} َوﻗ ُل رﱠبﱢ ِزدْ ﻧِﻲ ﻋِ ْﻠﻣًﺎ{ )‪ (١١٤‬ﺳورة طـﮫ‬
‫} رَ ﱠﺑﻧَﺎ ﺗَﻘَ ﱠﺑ ْل ﻣِﻧﱠﺎ إ ِﻧﱠكَ أ َﻧتَ اﻟ ﱠﺳﻣِﯾ ُﻊ اﻟْﻌَ ﻠِﯾمُ { )‪ (١٢٧‬ﺳورة اﻟﺑﻘرة‬
 ‫اﻻھداء‬
‫اﻟﻲ أﺑﻲ وأﻣﻲ‪....‬‬

‫اﻟذﯾن ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺳﺑﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺟودي‬

‫وﺑﺑرﻛﺔ دﻋﺎﺋﮭﻣﺎ ﯾﻧﯾر ﷲ ﻟﻲ طرﯾﻘﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻲ اﺳرﺗﻲ اﻟﻌزﯾزة ‪.....‬‬

‫اﻟﻲ اﺳﺗﺎذي اﻟﺟﻠﯾل ‪..... /‬‬

‫ﻋﺑد اﻟﻘﺎدر ﺗﻣﯾم‬

‫اﻟﻲ زﻣﻼﺋﻲ اﻟﻛرام‬

‫اﻟﻲ ﻛل ﻣﺣب ﻟﻠﻌﻠم ﻣﺷﺗﻐل ﺑﮫ ﻣن اﺟل راﺣﺔ اﻻﻧﺳﺎن وﺗطوره‬

‫اھدي ھذا اﻟﺑﺣث‬

‫اﻟﺷﻛر واﻟﺗﻘدﯾر‬
‫ﻋزوﺟل اوﻻ واﺧﯾرا‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛر‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗوﻓﯾﻘﮫ ﻟﻲ‬

 ‫اﻟﺷﻛر اﺟزﻟﮫ اﻟﻲ اﺳرﺗﻲ اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺷﻛر اﻟﻲ ﻣﺷرف اﻟﺑﺣث اﻻﺳﺗﺎذ ‪ /‬ﻋﺑد اﻟﻘﺎدر ﺗﻣﯾم‬

‫واﻟﻲ ﻛل اﻟزﻣﻼء‬

‫اﻟﻲ اﺳرة ﺳﺗس‬

‫اﻟﻲ اﺳرة اﻟﺳﻼح اﻟطﺑﻲ اﻣدرﻣﺎن ﻟﺗﻌﺎوﻧﮭم ﻣﻌﻲ‬

‫واﻟﻲ ﻛل ﻣن اﻋﺎﻧﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺑﺣث‬

‫اﻟﺑﺎﺣث‬
 ‫ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬

‫ھدﻓت ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﻲ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬
‫اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ وﻗد ﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺣطﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻼح اﻟطﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻣدرﻣﺎن‬
‫)اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻣدرﻣﺎن ( واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر اول ﻣﺣطﺔ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف ﻋن‬
‫طرﯾق ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺳودان وذﻟك ﻋن طرﯾق ﺣﺳﺎب ﻣﻌدل ﺗرﻛﯾز‬
‫اﻻوﻛﺳﺟﯾن اﻟﺣﯾوي اﻟﻣطﻠوب ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﺑﻛﺗرﯾﺎ )‪ ،( BOD‬وﻛذﻟك ﻣﻌدل ﺗرﻛﯾز‬
‫اﻻﻛﺳﺟﯾن اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻣطﻠوب )‪ ، ( COD‬واﻟﻌدد اﻟﻛﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻛﺗرﯾﺎ ‪ ،‬وﺑﻛﺗرﯾﺎ اﻟﻘوﻟون‬
‫‪،‬واﻟﻛﻠورﯾدات ‪ ،‬واﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ ‪ ، TSS‬واﻟﻣواد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬وذﻟك ﻋن طرﯾق اﺧذ ﻋﯾﻧﺎت ﻣن اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺧﺎم ﻗﺑل دﺧوﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ – و ﻋﯾﻧﺎت ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑﻌد ﺧروﺟﮭﺎ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ وذﻟك ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ري اﻟﺣداﺋق اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻣﺣﻠﯾﺎ ً وﻋﺎﻟﻣﯾﺎ ً ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬اﺷﺗﻣﻠت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺎب اﻻول ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻋن اھﻣﯾﺔ اﻻﺛر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺷﻛل ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻻھﺗﻣﺎم ﺑﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻻﺛر اﻟﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔﻋﻠﻲ ھذه اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﻛذﻟك ﻣوﺿوع اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ واﻟﻐرض ﻣن‬
‫ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻋﻣوﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺗﺣدﺛت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻋن اﻹطﺎر اﻟﻧظري‬

‫ﺑﺗﻌرﯾﻔﺎت ﻋن ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ واﻟدور اﻟﻣﮭم ﻟﻠﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ وﻛذﻟك ﻣراﺣل‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ وطرق اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ وﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ وﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﯾﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ واﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬اﺷﺗﻣل اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺛﺎﻟث ﻟﻠدراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻻﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام وﻛذﻟك اﻧظﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف – واﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻷﻧﺷﺎء ﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ واﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬اﺷﺗﻣل اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻋﯾﻧﺎت اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﻟﻣﺣطﺔ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻟﻠﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺳﻛرﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻣدرﻣﺎن واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺧﺎﻣس اﺷﺗﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺗوﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎم اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻣن ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف‬
‫اﻟواردة ﻟﻠﻣﺣطﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻻﺗﻔﻲ ﺑﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﻠﯾﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺟدول )‪ (٢-٢‬وﺟدول )‪(٣- ٢‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻛﻣﺎ ان اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺗرﻛﯾز اﻛﺑر ﻣن اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﺔ ﻋن‬
‫ﺻرف اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣل واﻟﺻﯾدﻟﯾﺎت وﻣﺻﻧﻊ اﻟدواء واﻻﺷﻌﺔ ‪.‬‬
 Abstract

This study aimed at the knowledge of sanitary drainage water

treatment by air analysis. And the sanitary drainage water treatment by
air analysis. And the sanitary drainage water treatment station at the
Medical Corps in Omdurman (The Military Medical City) which is the
first sanitary drainage water treatment station through this type of
treatment in the Sudan, through the calculation of the biological oxygen
demand by biological oxygen demand bacteria (BOD), and the rate of
the enquired chemical oxygen demand concentration (COD) the total
count of bacteria, colon bacteria, chlorides, total solid substances (TSS)
and suspended materials.
And this was carried out by taking raw materials' samples before
their entrance of the station, and taking samples of the treated water
after its coming out from the station in order to know the required
efficiency of the station needed to treat sanitary drainage water which is
used in irrigating the external public gardens in the Medical city and
comparing it with the required specifications locally and
internationally.
The first chapter of the study contained an introduction on the
importance of the effect of conservation of public environment in
which concern for sanitary drainage.
Water treatment has a great impact on the conservation of this
environment.
 The study subject also included sanitary drainage water treatment
by air analysis and the aim of this study.
The study took up in the second chapter the theoretical
framework of sanitary drainage in general by definitions of the sanitary
drainage term and the important role of sanitary drainage, also the
stages of sanitary drainage water treatment, methods efficiency of
treatment, fields of using treated sanitary drainage water and the
required specifications for this water.
The third chapter of the study included the general system of the
sanitary drainage, the most widely used systems, also the systems of
sanitary drainage water treatment, the required studies for laying down
sanitary drainage network and the required designs for this network.
The fourth chapter contained the analysis of study samples from
the sanitary drainage station of the Medical Military City in Omdurman
which applies the air analysis.
The fifth chapter included the results and recommendations of the
study.
Due to the large expansion in the Medical city and consequently
the large amounts of decayed materials in the sanitary drainage water
coming to the station, the treated water do not satisfy the local and
international specifications requirements table (2-2) and table (2-3).
Also the treated water contains large amounts of the chemical
materials resulting from the sanitary drainage laboratories, pharmacies,
drug factory.
 ‫ﻣﺣﺗوﯾﺎت اﻟﺑﺣث ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرﻗم‬
‫اﻻﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫اﻻھداء‬ ‫‪ii‬‬
‫اﻟﺷﻛر واﻟﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫‪iii‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﮭرﺳت‬
‫ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟﺑﺣث‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎب اﻻول‬
‫‪-١‬اﺳﺎﺳﯾﺎت اﻟﺑﺣث‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪١-١‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣوﺿوع اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫‪٢-١‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫اھﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫‪٣-١‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫اھداف اﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫‪٤-١‬‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪-٢‬اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪١-٢‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٢-٢‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫دور اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٣-٢‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫اﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٤-٢‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ واﻻﻣراض‬ ‫‪٥-٢‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ – ﺣﻘﺎﺋق وارﻗﺎم‬ ‫‪٦-٢‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪٧-٢‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪١-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪٢-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿﻼت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ واﻟﺻﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪٣-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟطﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ وﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٤-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻔﺿﻼت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪٥-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة وﺣدات اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪٦-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺟري ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪٧-٧-٢‬‬
‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ وﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫‪٨-٧-٢‬‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺛﺎﻟث‬
‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬اﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬
 ‫‪50‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﺻل‬ ‫‪١-١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ اﻟﻣوﺣد‬ ‫‪٢-١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﺷﺑﮫ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﺻل‬ ‫‪٣-١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﻔرغ‬ ‫‪٤-١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺿﻐط‬ ‫‪٥-١-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫اﻧظﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫ﺳرد ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﻲ‬ ‫‪١-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺷﺣﺎت اﻟﺑﯾوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٢-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺷﺣﺎت ذو ﻣﻌدل ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪٣-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﻣﺄة اﻟﻣﻧﺷطﺔ‬ ‫‪٤-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑواﺳطﺔ ﺑﺣﯾرات اﻻﻛﺳدة‬ ‫‪٥-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٧٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟﺳﺑﺗك ﺗﺎﻧك واﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﯾﻔون‬ ‫‪٦-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎرات اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣراﺣﯾض ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬ ‫‪٧-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫اﻟري واﻟﺻرف ﺗﺣت ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض‬ ‫‪٨-٢-٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻻﻧﺷﺎء ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٣-٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫اﻣﺛﻠﺔ اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺑﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪١-٣-٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎور اﻟﻣﺳوﺣﺎت واﻟﻔﺣوﺻﺎت اﻻﺳﺗﻘراﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٢-٣-٣‬‬
‫اﻻطوار اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣر ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺷروع اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ ‪٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٣-٣-٣‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﺎري‬ ‫‪٤-٣-٣‬‬
‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺂﻛل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻﺎرف اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٥-٣-٣‬‬
‫اﻻﺟﮭزة واﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻟﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺻرف ‪٨٨‬‬ ‫‪٦-٣-٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟراﺑﻊ‬
‫‪-٤‬دراﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )ﻣﺣطﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﮭواﺋﻲ ﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬
‫اﻟﺻرف ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻼح اﻟطﺑﻲ (‬
‫‪٨٩‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ ﺗﺎرﯾﺧﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪١-٤‬‬
‫‪٩١‬‬ ‫اﻗﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪٢-٤‬‬
‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻣﺣطﺔ اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪٣-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺻرف‬ ‫‪٤-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪١-٤-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٢-٤-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٣-٤-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣطﺔ‬ ‫‪٥-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات اﻟﻣﺣطﺔ‬ ‫‪٦-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟري ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣطﺔ‬ ‫‪٧-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻋﯾﻧﺎت اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﺧذ اﻟﻌﯾﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪١-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﺟراء اﻟﺗﺣﺎﻟﯾل اﻟﻣﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻻﻛﺳﺟﯾن اﻟﺣﯾوي اﻟﻣطﻠوب ‪BOD‬‬ ‫‪١-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻻﻛﺳﺟﯾن اﻟذاﺋب‬ ‫‪٢-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻻﻛﺳﺟﯾن اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻣطﻠوب‬ ‫‪٣-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١٠٨‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪٤-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١١٠‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪٥-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﻛﻠورﯾدات‬ ‫‪٦-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌدد اﻟﻛﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻛﺗرﯾﺎ‬ ‫‪٧-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١١٣‬‬ ‫ﻋدد ﺑﻛﺗرﯾﺎ اﻟﻘوﻟون‬ ‫‪٨-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪٩-٢-٨-٤‬‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎب اﻟﺧﺎﻣس‬
‫‪-٥‬اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬
‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫‪١-٥‬‬
‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗوﺻﯾﺎت‬ ‫‪٢-٥‬‬
‫‪١٢٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣراﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪٣-٥‬‬