ERA UNIVERSITY

ERA COLLEGE OF NURSING

ASSIGNMENT
ON
“IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL
CHANGES IN EDUCATION”

Subject : Nursing Education

Submitted To, Submitted By,

Miss Godhuli Ghosh Archana Devi
Assistant Professor M.Sc.(N) 1st Year
Era College Of Nursing Era College Of Nursing

Submitted On:

IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL CHANGES IN

EDUCATION
1.INTRODUCTION:
 Social change is the change in society and society is a web of social relationships. Social relationships
are social processes, social patterns and social interactions. These include the mutual activities and
relations of the various parts of the society. Thus, the term ‘social change’ is used to describe
variations of any aspect of social processes, social patterns, social interaction or social organization.

“Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers”.
ACCORDING TO JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI,

“Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual which will enable him to
control his environment and fulfill his possibilities.”

ACCORDING TO JOHN DEWEY,

 “Education is the all round drawing out of the best in child and man – Body, Mind and Spirit”.
ACCORDING TO MAHATMA GANDHI

 A change in the social structure/behaviour, beliefs and attitudes in society which may occur through a
majority or minority of individuals. Eg; industrial revolution, Abolition of untouchability by law in
India. The abolition of slavery,

Education is a powerful instrument for social and economical change. Educational Institution have an
important role to play in the social progress of any country. Education has a creative force that brings
about changes in the society. Education plays in important part in social change. Change is a nature
process ewe see changes in society too, Society is always dynamics changes that occur in different
social system in a specific periods of term is called social change. Change may take place in all fields
like educational, economical, political etc. Education has given man and women equal status more
and more women are taking to careers education has given a big below to superstition caster,
untouchability on the whole education build up characteristic and makes a person socially useful to
society i.e. makes him a good citizen.

1. According to Maclver social change takes place as a response many types of changes that
take place in the social and nonsocial environment. Education can initiate social changes by bringing
about a change in outlook and attitude of man.
 It can bring about a change in the pattern of social relationships and thereby it may cause
social changes.
 Teacher’s role in social changes
 Teacher is an agent of positive social changes
 He should expose himself to mass media and be encouraged to use mass media to increase
their own knowledge.
 He has to live positive and constructive suggestions for social change.
 He should encourage adult education, women education, education of backward classes. He
should participate in the activities.
 Remove obstacle in the way of social change.
 The teacher must present things before public.

The role of education as an agent or instrument of social change and social development is widely
recognized today. Social change may take place- when humans need change .When the existing social
system or network of social institutions fails to meet the existing human needs and when new
materials suggest better ways of meeting human needs. Education can initiate social changes by
bringing about a change in outlook and attitude of man. It can bring about a change in the pattern of
social relationships and thereby it may cause social changes.
 It mean replacing the old with the new in the society. It can be a modification of the old also if not
total replacement. There are also changes in the field of economics.

I. DEFINITION

 “Social changes is a term used to describe variation in or modifications of any aspect of social
process, social pattern, social inter-action or social organization”
According to Jones
 “Social changes in social behavior and in social structure”
According to B. Kuppuswami
 “Social change is a simply a change in the human relationship”
According to Maclver

Based on this definition social change refers to the alterations which takes place in the entire aspect of
human life includes customs, traditions, values, social structure, organization and function.

II. NATURE OF SOCIAL CHANGES;-

 Social Change may be Small- scale or Large-scale

 Short-term and Long-term Change
 Social Change may be Peaceful or Violent
 Social Change may be Planned or Unplanned
 Social Change may be Endogenous or Exogenous
 Endogenous; Internal factors of social changes occur due to interaction and conflict caused
by differential values of the old and the young, the literates and the illiterates the urban and
the rural.
 Exogenous; External factor of change emphasize ion the impact of such forces in a society
which are beyond human control like natural disasters and unexpected development in
technology. Some factors of social changes are, Technologic al changes, cultural changes,
educational changes, etc.
 Social change is universal; According to sociologist, social change means variation or
modification in any aspect of social process or pattern, Change is the characteristic of every
culture and all the society. The rate of change in such societies may be slow, because the acts
are not well-developed.
 Social change, cover the whole community.
 Nature and speed of social changes is affected by and related to time factor; For example, in
India, the speed of social change after 1947 is faster than before 1947.
 Social change is an essential law and it becomes as a necessity. The change is unavoidable. It
is one of the natures of law. Change can occur in two ways, one is unplanned and another is
planned.
 Definite prediction of social change is not possible.
 Social change occurs in the form of modifications or of replacement.

III. TYPES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

 Cultural change
 Civilization change
 Change in social relationship.
  Cultural change -It is associated with new knowledge of religion, rituals, arts, literature
etc.
 Civilization change -It refers to the dress, food habits, production technologies,
communication system, etc.
 Change in social relationship- It is the relationship between the father and son, teacher
and student, husband and wife, etc.

IV. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

• Geographical factors

• Psychological factors

• Sociological factors ;-Every individuals culture, social beliefs, value system, lead social changes. like
fashions ,women’s liberation movement and satyagrahas definetly cause lot immense of social change in
diverse directions.

• Environmental factorsenvironmental factors Industrialized and urbanized environment

• Scientific and technological factors Today in the world of technology none of us live without using
mobiles, phones, computers, electricity, radio, t.v, etc.

• Cultural factors

• Modernization

• Geographical factors:- natural disaster – migration of people, climatic changes

• Ideological factors

• Legislative factors:- Legislative factors Legislation on temple entry, banning of child marriages.

V. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

According to V.R.Taneja “Education and social change is a two-way traffic, while education
preserves, transmits and disseminated the whole culture, social change is the instrument and
precondition of educational thought.

VI. Impact of Social Changes on Education

Social change refers to an alteration in the social order of a society. It may refers to the motion of
social progress or socio-cultural evolution. The philosophical idea that society moves forward by
dialectical or evolutionary means . It may refer to a paradigmatic change in the socio-economic
structure, for instance a shift away from feudalism and towards capitalism. Accordingly it may also
refer to social revolution, such as the Socialist revolution presented in Marxism, or to other social
movements, such as women’s suffrage or the Civil rights movement. Social change may be driven by
cultural, religious, economics, scientific or technological forces. More generally, social change may
include changes in nature, social institution, social behaviors or social relations.

 Education as an effect of social change

 Education as a instrument of social change
 Education and social change.
 EDUCATION AS AN EFFECT OF SOCIAL CHANGE
The changes caused by various ways naturally demands more education in order to maintain social
equilibrium.
In the wake of social change, people become aware of the need for educational progress. The change
caused by the political upheaval, industrialisation, technological progress and religious reform
movements naturally demands more education in order to maintain social equilibrium. In India the
enrolment in educational institutes has increased enormously since independence.

 EDUCATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL CHANGE.

Education prepare the people for social change. It will makes to think abilities and disabilities of
existing social system and identifies whether needs change. Education is considered as a powerful
instrument for social change, because it deals mainly with the thought patterns and behavior patterns
of younger generation. Education prepares the people for social change.

The role of education as an agent or instrument of social change. It means that educated people are
more likely to know and understand the rationale for social change. Social change take place when
human need change .Education helps a person to form a more open opinion to any change that is
proposed or has already occurred.

 EDUCATION AS A CONDITION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE;

social change is impossible without education,it makes the people aware of inadequacies of existing
system. many of the superstitions, believes,and outdated customs prevented by education.

May of the old superstitions, beliefs and outdated customs. Which is retard social progress, can be
prevented by education. It is to be noted that m any progressive reforms like Hindu Code Bill and
Untouchability Removal Act remained ineffective due to the illiteracy of a large number of Indian
people.

i. ECONOMICAL CHANGES
Knowledge is the driving force in the rapidly changing globalised economy and society. Quantity and
quality of highly specialized human resources determine their competence in the global market.
Emergence of knowledge as driving factor results in both challenges and opportunities.

 Increase of poverty.
 40-50% of Indian live under threshold of poverty.
 Increase price for the needed product.

The importance of economic growth (growth in average living standards) deserves emphasis. Even
apparently small differences in growth rates will, if they persist over extended periods of time, make
huge differences to the living standards of the average citizen. For their reason many economists have
noted that understanding the determinants of long term growth is one of the most significant
economical problems.

The adverse impact of economic reforms reflects upon various revenue diversification measures such
as student fees, student loan programmers operated by commercial banks and privatization. Various
revenue-rainsing measures take places in the form of;-

A . Raising tuition fee as a significant source of revenue for the support of instructional cost.
 B. Other fees. With regard to fee for admission and examination fee, it is recommended to recover the
recurring cost of operations.

C. Full cost recoveryof other fee such as institutionally provided hostel and mess fees.

D. Other Services; It is recommended to revise appropriaterecover costs. It may include cost to

transport, phone, postage and stationery, typing , computing, photocopying, etc.

Student loans are currentlyin operation in more than 80 counties around the globe, of late, educational
loan is very popular among students because of its simple and appealing logic, despite its inherent
weaknesses.
The loan covers both instructional cost and living expenses. A maximum of Rs. 7.5 lakh for studies in
India and re 15 lakh for studies in overseas institutions / universities is envisaged under the scheme.

ii. ECONOMIC FACTORS AND EDUCATION

 Funding for education
 Investment in education
 Strategies for resources mobilization

Strategies for resources mobilization

 Consultancy
 Corpus fund
 Developing workshops a s as training cum production centers
 Running continuing education courses on commercial basis
 Technology transfer
 Short term specialized courses
 Research and development services
 Utilizations of available resources by industries
iii. Economic Changes Challenging Education
The relationship between educational systems and the economy is very strong. In the economy the
educational and cultural qualities obtained by education will transform economical values.
Relationship between familial structure, familial education, local culture, and economic systems are
studied by many economic philosophies.

The main qualities required by familial economic system and developed by the system of education
are based on how to think instead of how to behave. As a final result we can see a high level of
creativity and talent, nut a low level of discipline and social respect.

In contrast the education based on how to think gives, as a final result, people with high moral
standards, nut also people with low moral standards; people with high intellectual qualities, and
people with low intellectual qualities, A great variability of characteristics are developed by this
system of education from intellectual, moral, social, economical to artistic, scientific or philosophical.

Each kind of culture that developed a particular social capital has particular beliefs and customers,
historical experience, or traditions. Corrupting or destroying those means to lose a precious system of
values.

Education process happens not only in school, but also in family, society, church, working place, It
characterizes a culture and cannot be reformed only in one specific component, because of the cultural
stability assured by the others. Schools cannot assure an educational reform without the contribution
of the all the other factors. This is why cultural or educational philosophy is not very easily absorbed.

 SUMMARIZATION

Introduction, definition of society, meaning of social, concepts of social changes, factors of social
changes, Nature of social change, Education and social change, economic changes, Education and
social Change, Impact of Social Changes on Education, Classification of Educational technology,
Issues in Indian Education, Professional education, current trends and issues in education.

 CONCLUSION

Many researchers have produced estimates of the economic return to schooling using conventional
multivariate methods in which a relationship is estimated between 34 earnings (or some other
measure of labour market success) and education, after controlling for other observed factors that
influence earnings. Canadian studies using such conventional methods to analyse the relationship
between education and earnings obtain estimates of the return to schooling that are similar to those
obtained in many studies carried out in other developed countries: approximately 8-10 percent rate of
return when the analysis is based on annual earnings and 6-9 percent when the analysis is based on
weekly earnings. Such estimates compare favourably with rates of return on physical capital
investments. However, many social scientists have been skeptical about these estimates because they
do not control for unobserved factors such as ability, motivation and perseverance that may influence
both educational attainment and labour market success. Such unobserved factors are likely to imply
that conventional estimates of the return to schooling are biased upwards. Furthermore, according to
signaling/screening theory one may observe a positive correlation between education and earnings
even when education has no causal effect on individual productivity and earnings. These concerns
raise important questions about the nature and magnitude of public investments in education

 BIBLIOGRAPHY-

 B. T. Basavanthappa, “Nursing Education”, 2nd editing, 2009, Jaypee brothers, medical

publishers, New Delhi, page no.513-515.
 Shrestha. R., A Textbook of educational science in nursing, 1st edition, vidhyarthi pustak
 Bandar, bhotahity, Kathmandu, pages no 158-161.
 Neeraj k.p the text book of communication education and technology, second edition, page
no
 Bhaskar nima, raj bhaskara D. elakkuvana, text book of nursing education, second
edition.EMMESS medical publishers. Page no 158-161.