1.

SVO- READ
2. Group membership- READ
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GROUPS
Even though people are capable of living separate and apart from other, they JOINT
WITH OTHERS as groups meet their psychological and social needs.
- The need to belong
+ humans have a need to belong satisfy this need by joining groups
+ 50-80 % REPORTED REGUALRLY DOING THINGS IN groups
+ the deliberate exclusion from groups- indicate this expeirence is highly stressful
and can lead to depression, confused thinking, and even agression
+ it quite hurts to be left out of a group

- Affiliation in groups
+ groups not only satisfy the need to belong, they also provide members with
information, assistance, and social support.
+ To maintain a sense of self-worth, people seek out and compare themselves to
the less fortune
- Evolutonary advantages of group living
+ groups may be humans’ most useful invention
- Social loafing
+ groups usually outperform individuals
+ groups tend to be underachievers
- Group development stages
1. Forming – members expose information about themselves interest, skill,
perrsonal tendencies

2. Storming- disagreements about procedures and purposes surface

3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning- prepares to disband
- Making decisions in groups
+ people generally feel that a group’s decision will be superior to an individual’s
decision
+ groups do not always make good decision
- Group polarization:
+ judgments made after group discussions will be more extreme in the same
direction as the average of indivual judgments made prior to discussions
- Groupthink
 + groupthink: a set of negative group-level rocesses, including illusions of
invulnerability, self-censorhsip, and pressures to conform, that occur when highly
cohesive groups seek concurrence when making a decision
+ four group-leel factors : CAUSE GROUP THINK
1. Cohension
2. Isolation
3. Biased leadership
4. Decisional stress

Critical thinking
MANAGING GROUP MEMBERSHIP
- Face 1 and 2 are external to the team and concern
+ use organizational resources effectively
- Face 3 and 4 are internal to the team and concenr
+ work in a way which makes people feel part of a team
- TeamRole
+ shaper: easily provked or frustrated
+ teamworker: indecisive in crunch situations
+ resource investigator: loses interest as enthusiasm wanes
+ coordinator: inclined to let others do the work
+ specialist: often can not see big picture
- Thought and thinking can be understood as PATTERNS- SYSSTEMS AND
SCHEMES WITHIN THE MIND ( college success- paterns of thoughts) -
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/collegesuccess-lumen/chapter/patterns-of-
thought/
- How is a Blog contributing to our ability to be critical and creative thinkers?
+ it can serve as personal journals, where students can record, share and reflect on
field activities
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/lumencollegesuccessxtraining2/chapter/thinkin
g-with-technology/
- Which statement is not true about creativity?
+ Human is not innately creative
Social facilitation
Groupthink
SEM model- READ
- SELF-EVALUATION MAINTENANCE MODEL
 + In addition to relevance and similarity, SEM reveals the importance of
relationship closeness
+ People will actively champion the candidate who does not threaten their
standing on a relevant dimension in an organization
- SITUATIONAL FACTORS
+ Number: people will try harder when there are fewer people. As the number of
competitors increases, social comparisons become less important
+ Local: people are more likely to compare with friends or co-workers than they
are to industry or national averages
+ proximity to a standard: cang gan dich thi cang co gang hon
+ social category lines: happen between groups. When groups come from different
social categories versus the same social category.
+ The dunning-kruger effect: unskilled people often think they are onpar or
superior to their peers in tasks, top performers tend to underestimate their skills or
percentile ranking intheir surrounding context.

Group size
Social comparison
the ‘span of control’ (the number of people each manager or supervisor is directly
responsible for) averages about five people
- What is the meaning of the word “Logic” in the ancient greek logike:
+ referring to the science or art of reasoning.
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/lumencollegesuccessxtraining2/chapte
r/critical-thinking-skills/)
The matrix team- READ
- DEFINING TEAMS AND GROUPS
+ group
Formal groups are used to organize and distribute work, pool information,
devise plans, coordinate activities, increase commitment, negotiate,
resolve conflicts and conduct inquests.
Informal groups: serve to satisfy needs of affiliation
Formed to meet a wide range of needs such as affection security support
esteem belonging or identity.
+ team
A team is more than just a group.
A team may be thought of as a particularly cohesie and purposeful type of
work group
 Team: a definable membership, a group consciousness or identity, a
sense of shared purpose, interdependence, interaction, sustainability, an
ability to act together
- The span of control averages about 5 people. It is a bad practice for any
single manager to supervise more than 7-10 people
- THE FUNCTIONAL TEAM: a functional team is a team in which work is
carried out within such a functionally organized group
+ The project = the single team= team consists of a group of people who
come together as a distinct organizational unit in order to work on a
project.
+ The matrix team: staff report to different managers for different aspects
of their work. Matrix structures are more common in large and multi-
national organizations.
+ The contract team: it is the client who will judge the success of the
project
+ a virtual team: is one whose primary means of comminicating is
electronic
Local- READ
- Among the tips for creative thinking, what does “sensing” mean?
+ be a good observer of people, nature, and events around you
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/lumencollegesuccessxtraining2/chapter
/creative-thinking-skills/
- Learning objectives are GOALS that specify what someone will know, care
about, or be able to do as a result of a learning expense
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/lumencollegesuccessxtraining2/chapter
/patterns-of-thought/
- How to develop your creative thinking skill through drawing
+ use mind-mapping to capture ideas
- How many main learning- skill levels, or learning skill stages that the
cognitive domain of learning is divided
6
The need to belong- READ
Informal groups-READ
Shared information bias-READ
Self-organizing team-READ
Frog pond effect-READ
 - “habits of mind”
+ Habits of mind” are the personal commitments, values, and standards
you have about the principle of good
thinking. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/lumencollegesuccessxtraining
2/chapter/critical-thinking-skills/
Shaper
Coordinator
Affiliation in group
- EVALUATING (bloom- pattern of thoughts) – is the ability to judge, check,
even critique the value of material for a given purpose

What is a team
Face 1 2 3 4 / 90
CEAAUR: creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying understanding, remembering

COLLEGE SUCCESS
1. PATTERNS OF THOUGHT
1. What is thought?
- Cogito ergo sum: Latin phrases comes from French philosopher “ I THINK,
therefore I am”  we think then we are aware that we exist.
- Thinking: The mental process to form associations and models of the world
- Thought: the act of thinking that produces thoughts
2. What are learning objectives
- Goals that specify what someone will know, careabout, or be able to do as a result
of a learning experience.
- Learning skills can be divided into 3 main categories
1. Cognitive domain- Bloom – what you should know : 6 levels, CEAAUR
(creating, evaluating, analyzing, applying, understanding, rememring)
2. Affective domain- what should you care about
3. Psychomotor domain – what you should be able to do
The power of thought
- Thought and thinking can be understood as PATTERNS- SYSTEMS AND
SCHEMES
2.THINKNG WITH TECHNOLOGY
 - Number one benefit of information technology is that it empowers people to
do what they want to do. It is all about potential
- Students favor laptops as their digital technology of choice
+ blogs: personal journals to share, reflect on field expenriences
+ computer software, Internet resources: allow students to record, defend,
challenge their thinking
+ camcorders: allow students to observe the world, resee and reinmagine it in a
way that appeals to them
+ interactive whiteboards: helpful for class discussion
+ student-response system: allow students to respond to questions and then
debate the answer
+ wikis: help student to compile, synthesize and present individual or group
projects
+ discussion boards: help students establish a sense of community with their
class
3.CRITICAL THINKING
Critical thinking is important because it relates to nearly all tasks, situations, topics,
careers, environments, challenges, and opportunities. It is a “domain-general” thinking
skill,
- Critical thinking is clear, reasonable, reflective thinking focused on deciding what
to believe or do.
- Asking probing questions, being skeptical, chellenging assumptions, rather than
simply memorizing facts or blindly accepting what you hear or read
- Critical thinkers are also willing to examine their own beliefs, possessing a manner
of humility that allows them to admit lack of knowledge or understanding when
needed. They are open to changing their mind.
- The word LOGIC comes from the Ancient Greek logike, THE SCIENCE OR
ART OF REASONING.
- The following reasons
+ WHAT’s happening? – gather the basic information
+ WHY it is important? Ask yourself why it is signifiacnt
+ what don’t I see? Did I miss anything important
+ How do I know- ask yourself where the information came from
+ Who is saying it? The position of the speaker
+ what else, what if ? – What other ideas exist
- Problem solving and critical thinking go HAND-IN-HAND, using knowledge,
facts and data to solve problems effectively.
- Problem-solving action checklist
 + define the problem: ( identify the problem, provide as many supporting details as
possible, provide examples, organize the information logically)
+ identify available solutions
+ select your solution
- !: important, big idea surfaced
- L: learned sth new
- *: important fact
- ?: dig deeper
EXAMINE ARGUMENTS  use spectrum of authority strategy, hot end of the
argument – feelings, beliefs, cutlural influences, societal influences, COLD END-
scientific influences
- “ Habits of mind” : THE PERSONAL commitments, values, and standards you
have about the principle of good thinking.
4.CREATIVE THINKING
- all humans are innately creativee
- creativity = A PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILL
- creativity is INSPIRED when theire is a problem to solve
- creative thinker: curious, optimistic, and imaginative
STIMULATE CREATIVE THINKING
1. Sleep on it: suy nghi ve no
2. Go for a run or hit the gym: exercise stimulates creative thinking
3. Allow your mind to wander a few times everyday
4. Keep leraning, study sth new
5. Put your self in nerve-racking situations
6. Keep a notebook with you so you always have a way to record fleeting
thoughts
- Sensing: use your senses, be a good observe of people, nature, events around you
- Thinking: think on the right side of the brain, allow new ideas to incubate, be open
to insights as ideas pop into your mind
-