Lecture 16

Coutte flow for Non-Newtonian fluid

Power law fluid
As we have solved coutte flow viscometer. The v is only non zero velocity which is depends on r
only. So r is non zero shear stress.

Fig 23.1 Couette flow for non-Newtonian fluid

By using  component of equation of motion in cylindrical coordinate system
1 d 2
( r  r )  0
r 2 dx
(23.1)

r 2 r  c1
c1
 r 
r2
(23.2)
For power law fluids
For the postulate velocity profile, we can formulate power law model based on formula given for
Newtonian fluids.
For Newtonian fluid

d  v 
 r    r  
dr  r 
(23.3)
So for power low fluid
 d  v 
 r   r  
dr  r 
(23.4)
Where
n 1
d v 
 m   
dr  r 
(23.5)
d  v 
r  
Since v is increasing with r, shear rate dr  r  will be positive.
n
 d  v 
 r  m  r    
 dr  r  
(23.6)
From equ (23.1) and (23.6)
n
 d v  c1
m  r     r2
 dr  r 
1
d  v  1  c1  n
   2 
dr  r  rr 
(23.7)
Boundary conditions are
R = kR, v = 0 (23.8)
r = R, v = R (23.9)
we will get the result
2
 kR  n
1  
 v   r 
 r   2
 
1 k n

(23.10)
Calculate the torque needed to rotate outer cylinder.

Tz    r  |r  R 2 RL.R

(23.11)
n
 d  v 
 m r    2 RLR
 dr  r   r R
  2 
 
Tz  2  kR  L n 2
2

 1 k n 
 
(23.12)
The Newtonian result can be removed by substituting n = 1 and m =  in equ (23.12)
The power law parameters m and n can be calculated via equ (23.12).
Coutte flow for Non-Newtonian fluid
Bingham fluid

Fig 23.2 Couette flow for Bingham fluid

As we have solved for power law fluid. The v is non-zero velocity which is depends on r only. So r
is non-zero shear stress. By using  component of equation of motion in cylinder coordinate system,
we get the results
c1
 r 
r2
(23.13)

For Binghan fluid

d  v 
 r   r  
dr  r 
(23.14)
Where  =  when
r < 0 , r > r0
  
 
 0 

     
 d  v  
r  
 dx  r  
And
r > 0 , r < r0
(23.15)

d  v 
r  0
dr  r  is positive so we have to use negative sign
The term

From equ(23.14) and (23.15)

d  v 
 r    r   0
dr  r 
(23.16)
When r >  and r < r0
Velcity profile for plug flow region
Equ. (14) shows that

d  v 
r  0
dr  r 
(23.17)
v
 c2
r

v  rc2

(23.18)

Since outer cylinder is rotating a constant velocity v and angular velocity

at r =R, v = R
(23.19)
v  r

(23.20)

 < 0
When

 0  
Assume if torque applied on outer cylinder is very small so that kR there are no movement in
fluid at all. As we increase the torque, fluid is start moving
When |kR < 0

T
 r  0
r  kR
2 lr 2 r  kR

(23.21)
For movement of fluid

T  2 Lk 2 R 2 0
At r = r0
r = 0
(23.22)
T
 0
2 Lr0 2

T
r0 
2 L 0

(23.23)
Condition when full fluid is moving in Newtonian region.

d  v 
r  0
dr  r  is not applicable anywhere in fluid region
T
 0
2 L 0

T  2 LR 2 0
(23.24)
Now solving equ for Newtonian region
From equ (5)
  d  v 
 r     r       0
 dr  r  
(23.25)
Substituting the value of r from equ. (23.21)

T  d  v 
   r      0
2 Lr 2
 dr  r  
(23.26)
d  v  T
r     0 
dr  r  2 Lr 2
d  v   0 T
  
  r 4 rLr
2
dr  r
v T
  0 ln r   c1
r 4 rLr 2
(23.27)
B.C r = kR, v = 0
(23.28)
 0 ln R T
c1  
k 4 Lk 2 r 3
(23.29)
Substituting the value of c1 in equ (23.27)
v  0 T  T
 ln kR   0 ln r 
r  4 Lk R
2 2
 4 Lr 2
0 T  T
 ln kR   0 ln r 
 4 Lk R
2 2
 4 Lr 2
T 1  0
  k 2  1   ln k
4 LR 2
(23.30)
By plotting curve between  and T. we can determine Bingham fluid parameters 0 and  if we
compare eq (23.30) to solution for Newtonian fluid.

T 1 
 2  2
 1
4 LR  k 
(23.31)
It is clearly indicate that if 0 = 0, fluid is behaving like Newtonian fluids.