SELF & PERSONALITY

PART- III
 ❖ Meaning and Nature of
personality

CONTENT ❖ Characteristics or features

of personality

❖ Approaches to study
personality
MEANING AND NATURE OF PERSONALITY:-

Personality is derived from Latin word Persona which

means, The Mask used by actor in Roman theatres for
changing there facial makeup.

" Personality refers to a unique and relatively

stable qualities that characterised an individual
behaviour across different situation over a period of
time."
CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF
PERSONALITY
i. Personality has both physical and
psychological component.

ii. its expression in term of behaviour is fairly

unique in a given individual.
iii. Its main features do not easily change
with time.

iv. It's a dynamic in sense of it's feature may

change due to internal or external situation
demand ; adaptive to situations.
APPROACHES OF
PERSONALITY
Type approach
Trait approach
Behavioural approach
Cultural approach
Humanistic approach
TYPE APPROACH:-
I. Hippocrates
( Greek philosopher) proposed a typology based
on fluids and humour.

Four types of personality are:-

• Sanguine
• Phlegmatic
• Choleric
• Melancholic
II. Charak Samhita(Ayurveda):-

Ayurveda is the science that teaches what is good

and what is bad for one’s life in terms of diet, routine
and environment. Not following these
recommendations leads to disease. The method of
diagnosis is through finding the underlying cause(s),
and the treatment helps pacify the imbalance and
cure the disease.

•Vata: space and air

•Pitta: air and water
•Kapha: earth and water

Each refers to a type of temperament, called

Prakriti.
III. TRIGUNAS

Trigunas are 3 qualities of nature. The universe is the union of

purusha (consciousness) and prakriti (nature). Prakriti manifest
itself in living and non living , gross and subtle matter in the
universe. Purusha is the cause behind moment or life of that matter.

The 3 biological elements / tridosha are constituents of the human

body.This is the prakriti.

❖ SATTWA

❖ PITTA

❖ KAPHA
IV. Sheldon
Using body built and temperament as the main
basis for classification:-
Monomorphic

Endomorphic

Ectomorphic
V. Jung
Grouped into two types of personality:
❖ Introvert
❖ Exterovate
VI. Friedman and Rosenman
They tried to identify psychosocial risk factor
and discovered types:-

Type - A(hypertension and coronary heart disease)

Type- B(relaxed)
Mori's continued this research and identified:-

Type - C

Type - D