Speed

The duration computer

system require in
fulfilling a task or
completing an activity.
 Accuracy

The level of precision

with which calculation
are made and task are
performed.
Reliability

The quality due to

which the user can
stay dependable on
the computer.
Adaptability

The quality of the complete

a different type of task:
simple as well as complex.
 Storage

The ability of the

computer to store data
in itself for accessing it
again in the future.
 no full-proof algorithm has been designed
Lack of a Common Sense to programmed logic into them
Zero IQ

Unable to see and think the

actions to perform in a
particular situation unless
that situation is already
programmed into them
LACK OF DECISION MAKING DO NOT POSSESS ALL THE
ESSENTIAL OF DECISION-MAKING
FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
• The period 1940 to 1956, roughly considered as the First
Generation of Computer.
• The first generation computers were developed by using
vacuum tube or thermionic valve machine.
• The input of this system was based on punched cards and
paper tape; however, the output was displayed on
printouts.
• The first generation computers worked on binary-coded
concept (i.e., language of 0-1). Examples: ENIAC, EDVAC,
etc.
1939: Hewlett-packard is
founded by David Packard
and Bill Hewlett in Palo Alto,
California garage, according
to the computer history
museum.
1941: Atanasoff and his graduate
students, Clifford Berry, design a
computer that can solve 29
equations simultaneously. This
marks the first time a computer is
able to store information on its
main memory
1943-1944: Two University of
Pennsylvania professors, John
Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, build
the Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculation (ENIAC). Considered
the grandfather of digital computers,
it fills a 20-foot by 40-foot room and
has 18.000 vacuum tubes
1946: Mauchly and presper leave
the University of Pennsylvania and
receive funding from the Census
Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the
first commercial computer for
business and government
application
1947: William Shockley, John
Bardeen of Bell Laboratory
invent the transistor. They
discovered how to make en
electric switch with solid
materials and no need for a
vacuum.
1953: Grace Hopper develops the
first computer language, which
eventually becomes known as
COBOL. Thomas Johnson Watson Jr.,
son of IBM CEO Thomas Johnson
Watson Sr., conceive the IBM 701
EDPM to help the United Nations
keeps tabs on Korea during the war
 1954: The FORTRAN
programming language, an
acronym for FORmula
TRAslation is developed by a
team programmers at IBM led
John Backus, according to the
University of Michigan.
FIRST GENERATIONS 1940 - 1956
• The second generation computers were developed by
using transistor technology.
• In comparison to the first generation, the size of
second generation was smaller.
• In comparison to computers of the first generation,
the computing time taken by the computers of the
second generation was lesser.
Transistors came in to
replace vacuum tubes.

The creation came about at

Bell Labs in 1947, although
they weren’t commonly used
in computers until the late
1950s.
- Smaller

- cheaper to build

- more energy-efficient

- worked at a faster speed

• The period 1963 to 1971 is
roughly considered as the
period of Third Generation of
computers.
• The third generation
computers were developed by
using the Integrated Circuit (IC)
technology.
• generation was
smaller.

• the computing time

taken by the
computers of the third
generation was lesser.
Consumed
less power
and also
generated
less heat.
The
maintenance
cost was low.
The computer
system of the was
easier for
commercial use.
THIRD GENERATIONS
1964 - 1971
Saw the
introduction of
integrated circuits
(IC), which are still
in use today.
• Computer became very
small in size, it became
portable.
• The machine started
generating very low
amount of heat
Developed by
using
microprocessor
technology.
1971: Alan Shugart leads a team of
IBM engineers who invent the floppy
disk allowing data to be shared among
computers.

1973: Robert Metcalfe, a member of

the research staff for Xeros, develops
Ethernet for connecting multiple
computers and other hardware.
1976: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computer on April Fool’s Day and roll out the
Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board, according to Stanford University. The TRS-
80 introduced in 1977 was one of the first mention whose documentation was intended for non-
geeksrt leads a team of IBM engineers who invent the floppy disk allowing data to be shared
among computers.
• By the time, the computer generation
was being categorized on the basis of
hardware only, but the fifth generation
technology also included software.

• The computers of the fifth generation

had high capability and large memory
capacity.
• Working with computers of this generation
was fast and multiple tasks could be
performed simultaneously.

• Some of the popular advanced technologies

of the fifth generation include Artificial
intelligence, Quantum computation,
Nanotechnology, Parallel processing, etc.
• ULSI technology used in the
computer system

• Developed based on artificial

intelligence

• Parallel Processing used in

computer

• High-level programming
languages are used
• Development of Natural language processing

• Very powerful and faster work

• More user-friendly