Philippine Christian University

Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite 4114

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2020-2021
PHYSICAL SCIENCE (THIRD QUARTER, WEEK2)
NAME Lyssah B. Bilog DATE February 27, 2021
SECTION: HUMSS 11- REVELATIONS SCORE

TOPIC: Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

TEST YOURSELF

1. What are the types of intermolecular forces of attraction?

There are three (3) main types of intermolecular interactions: (1) London dispersion forces,
(2) dipole–dipole interactions, as well as (3) hydrogen bonds.
1. German-American physicist Fritz Wolfgang London, suggested that intermolecular
forces exist between all atoms and molecules. London dispersion forces are the
weakest type of intermolecular force of attraction and only exist when atoms are in

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very close range These are the only forces existing among atoms in noble gases and

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nonpolar molecular compounds.

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2. The intermolecular forces of attraction acting on polar molecules are called dipole-
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dipole forces. IMFA acting on a polar molecule.
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3. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction It results when a
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hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen, oxygen, or

fluorine that is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons and of an electronegative
atom of another molecule.
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ACTIVITY
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I. RESPONSE TO STATEMENT (10 pts)

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1. Using the concept of intermolecular forces of attraction, explain why butter remains solid
when refrigerated, but melts at room temperature or when heated?
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First of all, butter is composed mixture of fat and water and other ingredients. By that
mixture warms, the fat component shifts its viscosity and becomes even more liquid and less
gooey.
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The water does not really alter much, but it's trapped mostly in fat layers. Butter is solid
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at 40 F, a little above the temperature of the refrigerator, even though the fats do not flow. As
the temperature gets warmer, the fats start to move and soften. In some metals, the softening
behavior of butter can be seen as being heated close to the melting point. The mixture is held
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together by weak attractive forces or London forces of attraction between the fatty acids. As the
heat or the temperature increases, the higher the chances London forces will be disrupted and
fat begins to move freely. When the butter is on the cold temperature, the London forces gets
assembled between fatty acids and the butter will be automatically solid again.
It was explained by the concepts of bond polarity and solubility, polar substances will
dissolve and be soluble in polar solvents. On the other hand, polar solvents and that nonpolar
substances will dissolve or will be soluble in nonpolar solvents. Polar and Nonpolar don’t mix,
but polar & polar, and nonpolar & nonpolar will.

2. How do intermolecular forces of attraction define the properties and uses of matter?
Each physical properties of a substance rely on its physical state. For example, was liquid
water, ice, and water vapor all have the same chemical properties, but their physical properties
differ markedly. In particular, covalent bonds ascertain: molecular shape, bonding energies,

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 chemical properties, thus intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of liquids and
solids. The molecular kinetics.
The kinetic molecular theory of gasses offers a balanced detailed description of the
behavior of the gases. A similar process may also be adapted to liquids, but it must take into
consideration the non-zero volume of particles and the development of strong attractive
intermolecular forces. Kinetic energy keeps molecules apart or moving around, and is a function
of the temperature of the substance. Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that seek to
bring the particles together. The general properties of the three different phases of matter:
Properties of Gases, Properties of Liquids, and Properties of Solids.

Properties of Gases
A collection of molecules that are widely separated. The kinetic energy of the molecules
is higher than any attractive force between the molecules. The inadequacy of any substantial
attractive force between molecules makes it possible for the gas to expand. If the attractive
forces become substantial enough, the gasses exude non-ideal behavior.

Properties of Liquids
The attractive intermolecular forces are capable of holding the molecules close together,
the liquids are thicker and less stable than the gases. Liquids have a definite volume, impartial of
the size and shape. Attractive forces are not strong sufficiently, however, to keep adjacent
molecules in a fixed position, and molecules are free to move past or slide over each other.

Properties of Solids.

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The intermolecular forces between the nearby molecules are strong enough to keep
them attached in position. Solids are not very compressible given the lack of space between

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molecules. Due to the strong intermolecular forces between the nearby molecules, the solids
seem to be rigid.
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London Dispersion Forces are attractive forces which exist among atoms and molecules.
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Temporary dipoles can be triggered by uneven distribution of electrons in particles. These

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temporary dipoles are enticed to each other. These forces are the most potent in large,
polarizable molecules. Dipole-Dipole Forces are the result of attraction between the positively
and negatively ends of permanent dipole molecules. Dipoles are stronger than the London
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Forces by itself, but again polar molecules appear to have stronger intermolecular forces unlike
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non-polar molecules of similar size and polarity. Hydrogen Bonds, a hydrogen atom, is covalently
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bound to a highly electronegative atom (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine) resulting in a large dipole.
This results in a strong intermolecular bonding even with small molecules.
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