Art Appreciation: An Instructional Material

GE 6
Art Appreciation
AN INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
By
DR. ANNABEL L. NAMBATAC
December 2020
(to be modified)
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 34
Table of Contents/ Weekly Material
FIRST SEMESTER (SY 2021-2022)
AUG 23-27
Art History 6
Art Theory 6
Art Creativity 7
Art Appreciation 8
AUG 31-SEPT 3
What is Appreciation and Art 9
Assumptions of Art 10
Understanding the Art 11
Art as a process or a Product of a Creative Skill 11
Art as a Universal Language 11
Art as a Representation of Reality 11
Art Shows the Manner of Existence of the People of Long Ago 12
SEPT 6-10
Dance 13
Literature 13
Furniture 14
Theatre 15
Performing Arts 15
Architecture 15
Visual Arts 16
Films 16
PRELIM
SEPT 20-24
Physical Functions of Art 17
Personal Function 18
Social Functions 19
SEPT 27-OCT 1
Philosophical Import of Art Integrity 21
Proportion 21
Consonance 21
Radiance PAGE 21 34
\* MERGEFORMAT
Clarity 21
Representation 22
Non-Representation 22
OCT 4-8
Kinds of Artistic Styles 23
The Words Art Historians Use 24
Nature as a Subject of Art 25
Judeo-Christian 26
Judaism 27
Christianity 27
Islam 29
Judeo Christian Tradition 31
Greek Methodology as an Art 33
Greek Myths You Should Know to Understand Art History 33
Roman Methodology as an Art 34
The Commencement of Roman Methodology 35
OCT 11-15
The History of Life 37
Animals 37
Figures 38
History of Nature 40
Landscape 40
Seascape 43
Cityscape 44
Mythology Arts 44
Myths 45
Dreams 45
Fantasies 45
MIDTERM
OCT 25-29
Art Managers 46
Art Curators 46
Art Buyers 46
Art Collectors 46
Art Dealers 46
NOV 2-5
Production Process 47
Medium Technique Approach 48
Gamaba 50
NOV 8-12
Elements of Visual Arts 52
Combined Arts 54
Arts 54
Graffiti Fusion, Overlapping and Interrelated Elements 57
Poetry 59
Performance Arts 60
Digital Art 62
PRE FINAL
NOV 22-26
Trans-Creation Music to Text 68
Trans-Creation Text to Dance 68
Principles of Unity 69
Principles of Design 72
Principles of Balance 78
Principles of Emphasis 78
Principles of Harmony 81
Principles of Proportion 82
Principles of Subordination 83
The Rule of Thirds 84
NOV 29-DEC 3
The Basic Semiotic Plane 87
The Iconic Plane 88
The Contextual Plane 88
Various Genre of Music 89
DEC 6-10
Art Making 91
Crafting Instruments 92
Crafting Images 93
Crafting Stories 93
Soul Making 95
The Seven Da Vincian Principles 96

Textile Art 98
Soul and Dreams and Imagination 101
Cross Stitching 102
Visual Elements in Traditional Motifs and Crafts 104
Indigenous Arts 105
DEC 13-17 SUBMISSION OF CULMINATING OUTPUT
Art History
Art History is the study of Aesthetic object and visual expression in historical
and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized
painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, and decorative arts, yet
today art history examines broader aspects of visual cultures, including the
various visual and conceptual outcomes relating to an ever-evolving definition
of art. Art history encompasses the study of objects created by different
cultures around around the world and throughout history that convey
meaning, importance or serve usefulness primarily through visual means.
Overview
Arts has a broad aspects of visual culture, the study of beauty, and has ever-
evolving definition in different eras and time. By studying various visual and
conceptual outcome of arts, art historians and psychoanalyst answered the
question , how did the artist come to create the work?
Example
Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud wrote a book on the artist Leonardo da Vinci,
in which he used Leonardo’s paintings to interrogate the artist psyche and
sexual orientation, Freud inferred from his analysis that Leonardo was
probably homosexual.
Art Theory
Is intended to contrast with a definition of Art, also theory of art is to treat at as
a natural phenomenon that should be investigated like any other.
Overview
Each of us humans employs different conceptions of this theory of Art,
because we have our different perceptions when it comes to giving a
definition of an art. But before we call it as a theory we must resort to worldly
human investigation and explained it in detail with the supports and evidences
of your definitions and theory.
Example
One example of theory of art is the mimesis, basic theoretical principle in the
creation of art. The word is Greek and means “imitation”. Plato and Aristotle
spoke of mimesis as the representation of nature.
Aesthetic
Aesthetic refers to the appearance of something, particularly in relation to its
beauty. It is a term that predominantly refers to visual elements and can also
be used as a noun to describe criteria by which an artist is defined, such as
the postmodern aesthetic. Aesthetic, also spelled esthetics, the philosophical
study of beauty and taste. It is closely related to the philosophy of art, which is
concerned with the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which individual
works of art are interpreted and evaluated
Overview
Aesthetic is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one
of its branches. It deals not only with the nature and value of the arts but also
with those responses to natural objects that find expression in the language
of the beautiful and the ugly. Almost anything might be seen as beautiful by
someone or from some point of view, and different people apply the word to
quite disparate objects for reasons that often seem to have little or nothing in
common. It may be that there is some single underlying belief that motivates
all of their judgement. It may also be, however, that the term beautiful has no
sense except as the expression of an attitude, which is in turn attached by
different people to quite different states of affairs.
Example
An example of someone who is aesthetic might be an artist. Aesthetic means
the pleasant positive or artful appearance of a person or a thing. An example
of the word is aesthetic is to say that a particular is beautiful.
Art Creativity
Creativity is the ability to create items that inspire and inform others, often in
aesthetically pleasing ways.
Also, Creativity is thinking outside of society's norm. It is being able to express

oneself in different varieties of arts painting, poetry, sculpture, style, fashion,
etc.
Art is the expression of creativity. Artist are conduits for creativity. We need to
find ways to open up the door to express our emotions and idea,
Overview
Creativity helps you see things differently and better deal with uncertainty.
Studies show that creative people are better able to live with uncertainty
because they can adapt their thinking to allow for the flow of the unknown.
Creativity focuses on the process of forming original ideas through exploration
and discovery. Creativity is not about doing something better than others, it is
about thinking, exploring, discovering, and imagining. Creativity is found in the
obvious art and music, but can also be found in science and play. The arts
develop ways of thinking that can be nonlinear and visual rather than verbal.
In addition to the role of the arts in fostering creative thinking, the arts give us
a venue for dealing with the complexities and ambiguities of human existence,
helping to build a bridge between diverse cultures and experiences
Example
To make my point. No matter how creative a movie director is, he can't show
the world visualized scenes in his head without the use of cameras and
production.
Let's say your art is music. Well, the "problem" is that you want to create a
sony To do this you use your creativity. You come up with the rhythm, chords,
melodies, and lyrics. You rewrite a couple of times, keep that works, and
discard what doesn't
True expression of creativity will emerge as a musician to learns to adapt

existing musical concepts in the violin into new improvisation that is being
creative
Difference between Creative and Artistic:

An artistic person can take the alphabet and create a new typeset for the
characters. On the other hand creative person can design the icons that
replace the alphabet
Artistic Ability - Includes skills and talent to create fine works, art. painting,
sculpting, musical compositions, etc.
Creativity Ability - Is the skill and talent to use our imagination to create and
solve.
Art Appreciation
The term art appreciation is referred to the knowledge of the general and
everlasting qualities that classify all great art It is seen used to refer to the
exploration of visual art forms or the introduction of E principles of visual
literacy. It refers to analyzing the form of an artwork to go al asdiences to
enhance their enjoy of such works of art.
It may be analyzed without reference to subject matter, symbolism or

historical context. Art appreciation can be subjective depending on personal
preference to aesthetics and form, pr can be based on several elements and
principle of design and also depends on social and cultural acceptance. Most
of the modern art critics and art historians draw back from this Term,
underrating art appreciation as demanding too little serious thought.
Overview
Valuable and treasured art piece does not have a determinable useful life.
While the actual physical condition of the property may influence the value
placed on the object, it will not ordinarily limit determine the useful life.
Accordingly, depreciation of works of art generally is not allowable.
GE 6: Art Appreciation
Appreciation of Arts
What is Appreciation?
⮚ The act of recognizing or understanding that something is valuable or important

⮚ A feeling or expression of admiration, approval, or gratitude
⮚ Judgement and evaluation
⮚ Recognition of the good qualities and understanding of art
⮚ Acquiring knowledge leads to appreciation
⮚ Knowing vocabulary, concepts, themes, process, and material
⮚ Knowing context.
Does not require liking or loving.
⮚ Is the knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify
all great art.
⮚ “The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movement, styles,
and techniques, the better you can develop, evaluate and improve your own artwork.”
What is Art?
The word “art” comes from the ancient Latin ars which means a “craft or specialized form of
skill, like carpentry or smithying or surgery” (Collingwood, 1938).
Arts in Medieval Latin came to mean something different. It meant “any special form of
book-learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology” (Collingwood, 1938).
Assumptions of Art
✔ Art is universal
Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and continents through
and through.
✔ Art is not nature

Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature. Art is man’s way of interpreting nature.
✔ Art involves experience

Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is known by experiencing. A work of art
then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we have
to sense it, see or hear it, and see and hear it.
The Arts: An Introduction to the Humanities (Cerbo et al, 2010) provided the following
definitions of art:
A. Understanding the Art
Art as a Skill or Mastery
The term art is used to simply refer to bay skill or mastery that is manifested in the
outstanding product of and endeavor.
B. Art as a Process or a Product of a Creative Skill

Art as a Process or a Product of a Creative Skill
Art is a process because it involves arranging the aesthetic elements in an artistically
interesting and appealing manner. Art is a product because it includes human
creations, different activities and manners of expression.
A. Art as a Universal Language

Art as a Universal Language
The language of art is diverse. Each art form has its own artistic elements.
✔ Literature
✔ Music
✔ Theatre
Art expresses feelings and ideas shared by all individuals regardless of culture
B. Art as a Representative of Reality

Art as a Representative of Reality
Art is a reflection or mirror of reality
E. Art Reflects the Characteristics of a Period

Art Reflects the Characteristics of a Period
⮚ Modern Period - characterizes the idealistic search for truth and the realization that I is
not attainable; thus relativity is accepted as an unavoidable truth.
This is manifested by the varied experimentation of artistic expressions.
⮚ Renaissance Period - the value ascribed to the material world was shown in more
defined and realistic rendition of the human body in the visual arts.
The focus on the material world is shown in the ‘three-dimensional’ reality of

landscapaes.
⮚ Medieval Period - the dominance of the church initiated the expression of spiritual
truths.
In the visual arts, figures were presented in idealized “flat” forms to signify a lack of
focus on the material world.
F. Art shows the Manner of Existence of the People of Long Ago

We gain awareness that the people during the Old Age lived in caves and that they
manifested their artistry by drawings and sketching.
Summary:
● Humanities and the art have always been part of man’s growth and civilization
● Since the dawn of time, man has always tried to express his innermost thoughts and
feelings about the reality through creating art.
● Three assumptions on art are its universality, its not being nature, and its need for
experience.
● Without experience, there is no art. The artist has to be foremost, a perceiver who is
directly in touch with art.
Dance, Literature, Applied Arts, Furniture, Theatre, Performing Arts, Architecture,

Visual Arts, and Films
Dance
Originated in India around 600 B.C. It is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way,
usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement.
Types of Dance
Competitive Jazz
Theater Hip-hop
Acrobatic Lyrical
Ballet Tap
Why dance?
People dance for all kinds of reasons to mourn, celebrate, heal, give thanks, to preserve
cultural heritage and treasured legends.
Benefits of Dance:
✔ Improved condition of the heart and lungs
✔ Increased muscular strength and endurance and motor fitness
✔ Improved muscle tone and strength
✔ Weight management
✔ Stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis
✔ Better coordination, agility, and flexibility
Literature
Literary comes from the Latin litterarius, meaning "letters," as in letters of the alphabet.
Think of literary writing as writing that explores the richness of language or even contributes
to it, especially in a high cultural way.
Literary Elements
Character Style
Plot Theme
Setting Literary Device
Point-of-View
Literary Devices
Allusion Imagery
Diction Juxtaposition
Alliteration Metaphor/Simile
Allegory Personification
Colloquialism Onomatopoeia
Euphemism Symbolism
Flashbacks Tone
Foreshadowing
Furnitures
Refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating
(e.g., chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (e.g., tables), and sleeping (e.g., beds). Furnitures
can be made using a variety of wood working joints which often reflect the local culture.
Importance of Furnitures:
We need furniture for more comfortable lives and use it for storage, for sitting on, and for
sleeping. Going beyond it is also to express our sense of style.
Types of Furniture
Wood Glass
Cane Acryl
MDF Steel
Glossy Plastic
Theatre
Originally from the Greek word theatron, meaning roughly a place to behold in American
English, the word theatre can mean either a place where films are shown or a place where
live stage plays are performed. Theatre can also mean the business of putting on plays.
Elements
Script Product
Process Audience
How is it an art?
It is a collaborative art form which combines words, voice, movement and visual elements
to expressing meaning. It provides a vehicle for students to reflect on important aspects of
life, in the process developing their sensitivity and deepening their understanding of other
points of view.
Perfoming Arts
Performing arts refers to forms of art in which an artist uses their voices, bodies or
inanimate objects to convey artistic expression.
Types
Music Drama
Opera Spoken
Dance Words
Performing Arts vs Performance Art:

Performing arts are primarily skill-based while performance art is concept-based.
Performing arts has the message often presented to an audience via the performers. In
performance art, the art is often the performance themselves as much as their message.
Architecture
Architecture is a general term to describe buildings and other physical structures. The art
and science of designing buildings and (some) nonbuilding structures. The styles of design
and method of construction of buildings and other physical structures. A unifying or
coherent form or structure.
Types
Modern Vernacular
Classical Romanesque
Gothic Victorian
Neoclassical Ancient Roman
Gothic Revival
Visual Arts
Visual arts are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as
ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, film
making and architecture. Visual arts are including applied arts such as industrial design,
graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.
Importance of Visual Art:

Visual arts help everyone to represent their thoughts & skills and also help them explore
while performing original power as well as artistic skills creatively. Thus, it is an approach to
speak to represent one's feelings & creative mind in the way of life.
Film
Film is typically an independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a mess market
audience. It is intended to be a serious, artistic work often experimental and not designed
for appeal. Contains highly symbolic content and made primarily for aesthetic reasons
rather than commercial profit. It was called “moving images” before Film.
Functions of Art
Objectives:
⮚ To discuss the importance of functions of arts in different types
⮚ To discuss how useful art is especially in today’s generation
What is Art?
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual
form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their
beauty or emotional power.
What are the functions of Art?

✔ Physical Function
✔ Social Function
✔ Personal Function
⮚ Physical Functions of Art

✔ Often the easiest to understand
✔ Can be realized through the objects and environments which the artist create
✔ Physical function performs some service or has a specific use.
Examples are:
✔ Architecture, Interior Design, Furniture Design, Utilitarian Art, and Crafts
✔ Artists and craftspeople often create artworks that have a function or purpose.
These famous baskets made by Dat-so-la-lee , a famous Indian basket maker, are example
of functional art. They are art but they also serve a purpose.
Architecture
Interior Design
Furniture Design
Personal Functions of Art

✔ Are not likely to be a person to person
✔ It can also performs religious service of acknowledgment art.
✔ The arts are vehicles for the artist’s expression of their feelings or ideas.
⮚ Personal Function
Edvard Munch’s mother died when he was very
young and one of his sisters died when he was
14.
His painting, The Sick Child, shocked viewers

who were used to seeing happy paintings with
bright colors.
The work was meant to remind viewers of

personal family tragedies.
Perhaps the artist wanted to tell them to

appreciate what they had in their life
Unclothed figures in this painting from the 1400's. They are definitely not erotic. In fact the
emotion that first comes to mind is shame, helplessness, or horror. These people are being
cast into the depths of hell, no longer having any control over their fate.
⮚ Social Functions of Art

✔ Functions of art are those that go beyond personal intrinsic value to art's social benefits
✔ All works of art perform a social function, since they are created for an audience.
✔ Art is closely related to every aspect of social life
✔ It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of the people.
Art performs a social function when;

✔ It influences the collective behaviour of people;
✔ It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations; and
✔ It expresses or describes collective aspects of existence as opposed to individual and
personal kinds of experience.
Social functions of art
Artist may produce arts to

reinforce and enhance the
shared sense of identity of those
in family, community, or
civilization.
A family portrait is an example of
a social functions of art. This
portrait of Queen Victoria of
England, 1846 by Franz Xaver
Winterhalter and her family is a
great example.
It depicts the Nazi German bombing of Guernica, Spain, by twenty-four bombers, on April
26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War
"The aim of art is not to represent the outward appearance of things, but their inward
significance"
Philosophical Import of Art Integrity, Proportion, Consonance, Radiance, Clarity,

Representation, Non-representation
Philosophical Import of Art

Philosophy of art, the study of the nature of art, including concepts such as interpretation,
representation, expression, and form.
Art Integrity
Integrity means the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you
refuse to change.
What is artistic integrity:

Always painting with pasion
Be original not normal
Doing your very best each and everyday.
Proportion
Proportion is largely about the relationship of the size of one element when compared to
another. When drawing or painting realistically, proportion is important.
For example, a basketball and a baseball are different in scale but share the same in
proportion.
Clarity (Radiance)
It should clearly radiate intelligibility, the logic of its inner being and impress this knowledge
of itself on the mind of the perceiver.
We each have an inner radiance, the glow and
clarity of divinity.
Her divine radiance illuminates from deep within.
She is silent and aglow with universal love.
Representational Art
Representational art refers to art which represents something, whether that be a tree in a
landscape, apple in a still life, or figure in a portrait. Or in other words, it is art which is
clearly identifiable as something which already exists in life.
Example of representational art:

Watercolor by John Singer Sargent which
represents a white ox:
Non-representational Art
Nonrepresentational art is often used as another way to refer to abstract art, but there is a
distinct difference between the two. Fundamentally, nonrepresentational art is work that
does not represent or depict a being, place, or thing.
History as Subject of Art
What is art history?

⮚ It is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic
context.
⮚ Art historians analyze visual arts’ meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time
they were created through a method called historical method.
Why is art history important?

Understanding cultures – art history allows us to look back and understand how our
civilization evolved over the centuries.
Develop critical thinking – to support one’s analysis on an art, he/she must build rational
and convincing arguments, hence developing critical thinking.
Questions Art Historians Ask

1. How old is it?
⮚ before art historians can construct a history of art, they must be sure they know the date
of each work they study.
⮚ factors in determining an artwork’s age: physical evidence, documentary evidence,
visual evidence, and stylistic evidence.
2. What is its style?
defining artistic style is one of the key elements of art historical inquiry, although the
analysis of artworks solely in terms of style no longer dominates the field the way it once
did.
Kinds of Artistic Styles

A. Period style – the characteristic artistic manner of a specific time, usually with a
distinct culture, such as “Archaic Greek” or “Late Byzantine.”
B. Regional style – variations in style tied to geography.
C. Personal style – the distinctive manner of individual artists or architects, often
decisively explains stylistic discrepancies among monuments of the same time and place.
3. What is its subject?

Encompasses the story, or narrative, the scene presented; the action’s time and place; the
persons involved; and the environment and its details.
4. Who made it?

⮚ It is important to know who is the artist behind artworks because it helps the art
historians in the historical analysis of the art made.
5. Who paid for it?

⮚ The role of patrons (those who paid them to make individual works of art) in dictating
the content and shaping the form of artworks is also an important subject of art
historical art inquiry.
The Words Art Historians Use

Form and Composition – Form refers to an object’s, either two dimensions or in three
dimensions. Composition refers to the how an artist organizes forms in an artwork.
Material and technique – they interrelate and are central in analyzing any work of art.
Line – the path of a point moving in space, an invisible line of sight or a visual axis.
Color
Texture – the quality of the surface that light reveals.
Space, mass and volume – Space is the bounded or boundless “container” of objects. Mass
and volume describe three-dimensional space.
Perspective and foreshortening – refers to what gives a three-dimensional feeling to a flat
image.
Proportion and Scale - Proportion concerns the relationships (in terms of size) of the parts
of persons, buildings, or objects.
Carving and Casting - Carving is a subtractive technique of sculpture. The final form is a
reduction of the original mass of a block of stone, a piece of wood, or another material. In
additive sculpture, the artist builds up the forms, usually in clay around a framework,
or armature.
Application of Perspective
The figures and boats on the shoreline in this painting are much larger than those in the
distance. Decreasing the size of an object makes it appear farther away from viewers. Also,
the top and bottom of the port building at the painting's right side are not parallel horizontal
lines, as they are in an actual building. Instead, the lines converge beyond the structure,
leading viewers' eyes toward the hazy, indistinct sun on the horizon.
Nature as a Subject of Art
What is nature?
⮚ Refers to geology and wildlife.
⮚ Refers to phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general.
⮚ Humans are part of nature.
⮚ Is derived from the latin word Nature or essential qualities, innate disposition and in
ancient times, literally means birth.
The exploration of nature in art can take endless forms, because nature provides us with
such a vast wealth of inspiring phenomena.
Anatomy Weather
Botany
This painting was heavily influenced by up-close observations of plants and insect life whilst
living on an isolated hilltop in southern France. This painting depicts the elements of earth -
rocks, stones, soil, minerals, and
the things that live amongst them.
This artwork was based on the

forms that was observed in nature,
which is used as a starting point to
create an imaginative, abstract
work of art.
Fulgent life, is another example of nature in art.
There are many different ways to approach the subject of nature in art.
Art can open our eyes to the intricacy and beauty of the natural world. It can simply be a
pretty picture that appreciates nature for what it is or it can be a challenging piece
expressing our complex human connection to nature.
Art can serve a purpose beyond being an object of beauty: it can also address pressing
environmental issues and topics about conservation, sustainability, preservation,
biodiversity, and threatened habitats.
Art has the ability to interact with and educate the viewer about these issues, spreading
awareness about such important topics. We feel an instinctual need to take care of the
things we feel connected to.
Art can help RENEW, or SPARK ANEW, our CONNECTION WITH NATURE.
Judeo-Christian
Judeo Christian – is a concept that has played a shifting role in the construction of
American religious identity since the eve of World War II.
⮚ First appeared in the 19th century as a word for Jewish converts to Christianity is used
to group Christianity and Judaism.
Judaism
Place it began: Middle East
Holy Sites/Cities: Israel, Jerusalem
Name for God: Jehovah
Founder: Abraham
Belief about the Founder: Prophet made a covenant with God
Holy Book: Torah
Laws: 10 Commandments
Major Doctrine:
- 1st monotheist religion in history
- God gave Jews Israel if they followed his laws
- All Jews are descendants of Abraham
Christianity
Place it began: Middle East
Holy Sites/Cities: Israel, Jerusalem
Name for God: Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit
Founder: Jesus
Belief about the Founder: He is the son of God
Holy Book: Bible Old (Torah) and New Testament
Laws: 10 Commandments
Major Doctrine:
- 2nd monotheist religion in history

- Jesus died and rose from the dead
- Major Holiday: Easter and Christmas
Islam
Place it began: Middle East/North Africa
Holy Sites/Cities: Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem
Name for God: Allah
Founder: Muhammad
Belief about the Founder: Prophet-angels spoke to him through an angel sent by God
Holy Book: Koran/Qur’an (believe in Torah)
Laws: 5 Pillars
Major Doctrine: 3d Monotheistic religion
- Faith
- Alms
- Pray 5 times a day
- Fasting during Ramadan
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
How do these religions contribute to the ideas of Democracy?

Judaism says
- Moral Freedom - God has given us the capacity to choose between good and evil.
**Worth of the Individual!
**We have a responsibility to fight injustices, oppression and help the unfortunate
Christianity says
- We are all EQUAL in the presence of God.
Islam says
- There is dignity in all human beings and the brotherhood of all people
- Bond with the community and unity of all people
- Tolerance for other religions
The Legacy of Monotheistic Religions

● The duty of individual and the community to combat oppression.
● The worth of individual
● The equality of people before God
Judeo Christian Tradition

The term Judeo-Christian is used to group Christianity ND Judaism together, either in
reference to Christianity’s derivation from Judaism both religious common use of the bible
The term Judeo Christian first appeared in 19 century as a word for Jewish converts to
Christianity
⮚ Christian Tradition
Early Christian art in the eastern part of the Roman Empire is usually considered to be part
of Byzantine Art(comprises the body of Christian Greeks artistic products of the Eastern
Roman Empire) in the late toward mysticism and spiritually. As Christianity develop, its art
reflected the prevailing late antique artistic climate
Example of Byzantine Art:
Christianity has extended its influence to many works of Western Arts Artist, use their
artwork to express their own faith or to describe biblical events and views on Christianity.
Some works are dramatic and emotional, used to make the viewer feel a sense of love,
fear or respect for Christianity.
Christianity arts is sacred art which uses themes and imagery from Christianity.
Images of Jews and narrative scenes from the life of Christ are the most common subject.
The new style was hieratic, meaning its primary purpose was to convey religious meaning
rather than accurately render object and people.
Examples of Christian Arts:
Greek Methodology as an Art

Greek mythology explains the origins of the gods and the extent of their
divinity. Art throughout the Archaic and Classical eras illustrated many of the gods attributes
that were used to identify each deity, and art throughout the Hellenistic era used those
attributes to create life-like imagery of the divine.
Why is Greek and Roman mythology important?

Myths are stories created to teach people about something important and meaningful. They
were often used to teach people about events that they could not always understand, such
as illness and death, or earthquakes and floods.
Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of
naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures
were generally the focus of innovation.
The art of ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods. The Geometric,
Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic.
The Geometric age is usually dated from about 1000 BC, although in reality little is
known about art in Greece during the preceding 200 years, traditionally known as the Greek
Dark Ages. The 7th century BC witnessed the slow development of the Archaic style as
exemplified by the black-figure style of vase painting. Around 500 BC, shortly before the
onset of the Persian Wars (480 BC to 448 BC), is usually taken as the dividing line between
the Archaic and the Classical periods, and the reign of Alexander the Great (336 BC to 323
BC) is taken as separating the Classical from the Hellenistic periods. From some point in
the 1st century BC onwards "Greco-Roman" is used, or more local terms for the Eastern
Greek world.
Greek Myths You Should Know to Understand Art History
Raoul Duffy
Leda et le Cygne , 1926
BAILLY GALLERY
Greek myths have captivated the imaginations of artists since ancient sculptors created
gods and goddesses out of marble. The trials of ancient Greek heroes and monsters have
served as inspiration for Renaissance masters, Surrealists, and conceptual artists alike.
Although no unified telling of Greek mythology exists, sources like Homer’s Iliad and
Ovid’s Metamorphoses provide an alternate history of humanity, from the creation of the

first woman to the downfall of Troy. Below, we detail six myths essential to understanding
the Greek mythology that has been woven into art history.
Pandora’s Box
Pandora, the first woman on Earth, was created in an act of
vengeance. Zeus, the king of the sky and the gods, was angry
with the Titan Prometheus for creating man in the image of the
gods and providing them with fire that he stole from heaven.
Zeus ordered the god Hephaestus to create Pandora to exact
revenge on Prometheus. Pandora was placed into an idyllic
version of Earth, and Zeus gave her a box that he told her
never to open. Pandora couldn’t resist the temptation and
opened the box, releasing a score of plagues into the world,
like disease, old age, and death.
Odilon Redon - French Painter
Perseus and Andromeda
Perseus is one of the foremost heroes of Greek mythology, known primarily for
slaying Medusa and Cetus, the sea monster that guarded the princess Andromeda. Queen
Cassiopeia, who ruled a mythical version of Ethiopia with her husband, boasted that she
and her daughter Andromeda were as beautiful as the Nereids, or sea nymphs. This remark
offended Poseidon, god of the sea, and in an act of vengeance against Cassiopeia, he set
Cetus loose on the kingdom. After consulting an oracle, Andromeda’s father King Cepheus
tied her to a rock on the shore, sacrificing her to appease Poseidon. Perseus then slayed
Cetus and made Andromeda his wife.
Achilles
Achilles arose as a hero of the Trojan
War, leading the Greeks through a
10-year siege of Troy. One of his
most notable feats is killing Hector to
avenge the death of his supposed
lover Patroclus. Achilles eventually
falls victim to a prophecy foretelling his death at Troy; in most versions of the story, the god
Apollo guides the arrow of the Trojan prince Paris to Achilles’s heel, his only vulnerable
spot. His story was central to Homer’s Iliad, and his feats of heroism, as well as his deeply
human tragedy, have kept the story alive
Roman Methodology as an Art
Roman Methodology
Roman mythology is traditional stories about the roman empire origins and religion. These
stories were represented in literature and visual art such as sculptures and various
paintings. Roman mythology has many similarities to greek mythology. Many of the hero's
and gods from roman mythology were the same as the greek gods such as Hercules while
others such as Neptune was based on the greek god of the sea Poseidon.
The Commencement of Roman Methodology

Ancient Roman Art is a very broad topic, spanning almost 1,000 years and three continents,
from Europe into Africa and Asia. The first Roman art can be dated back to 509 B.C.E., with
the legendary founding of the Roman Republic, and lasted until 330 C.E. (or much longer, if
you include Byzantine art). Roman art also encompasses a broad spectrum of media
including marble, painting, mosaic, gems, silver and bronze work, and terracottas, just to
name a few.
The city of Rome was a melting pot, and the Romans had no qualms about adapting artistic
influences from the other Mediterranean cultures that surrounded and preceded them. For
this reason it is common to see Greek, Etruscan and Egyptian influences throughout
Roman art. This is not to say that all of Roman art is derivative, though, and one of the
challenges for specialists is to define what is “Roman” about Roman art.
Great Art Samples of Roman Methodology
Modello for the Fountain of the Moor, Gian Lorenzo Bernini,

1653, From the collection of: Kimbell Art Museum
The Modello for the fountain of Moor is a sculpture that was

a replication of the Fountain Of The Four Rivers by one of
the greatest Roman Baroque sculpture Gian Lorenzo
Bernini which was created in 1653. The Modello for The
Fountain of Moor was larger then Bernini's sculpture and
created was marble.
Mars and Venus Surprised by the Gods, Joachim Anthonisz.

Wtewael (Dutch, 1566 - 1638), about 1606 - 1610, From the
collection of: The J. Paul Getty Museum
Mars and Venus Surprised by the Gods was an oil painting

on copper that was created between 1606-1610. Mars and
Venus Surprised by the Gods was created by Joachim
Anthonisz. Wtewael. The oil painting depicts Mars and Venus
in bed while Cupid the god of love and Apollo the god of the
sun reveal them to the other gods.
Mars and the vestal virgin,

Jacques Blanchard, 1638, From the collection of: Art
Gallery of New South Wales
Mars and the Vestal virgin is an oil painting done on a

canvas. This piece of art was created in 1638 by
Jacques Blanchard. Mars an the Vestal virgin depicts the
ancient roman god Mars finding a women in the woods
where he ravished her in her sleep and she later gives
birth to the two founders of the city of Rome, Romulus
and Remus.
Venus and Cupid, Circle of Jacopo Sansovino (Italian

(Venetian), 1486 - 1570), about 1550, From the collection
of: The J. Paul Getty Museum
Venus and Cupid is a sculpture made of copper. Venus and

Cupid was created by Circle of Jacopo Sansovino. It was
created in about 1550. In this sculpture Venus is looking down
and reaching to cupid who is besides her on a dolphin
attempting to reach up at venus as well.
Marine Gods Paying Homage to Love, Eustache Le

Sueur (French, 1616 - 1655), about 1636 - 1638,
From the collection of: The J. Paul Getty Museum
Marine Gods Paying Homage to Love is an oil

painting done on canvas. It was created sometime
between 1616- 1655 by a french artist named
Eustache Le Sueur. The painting Marine Gods Paying
Homage to Love depicts the goddess Amphitritesitting
in a shell with Neptune above as a boat departs.
The History of Life, Animals, Figures, Nature, Landscape, Seascape, Cityscape,

Mythology, Myths, Dreams and Fantasies
Evolution of Life
The diversity of life on Earth today is the result
of evolution. Life began on Earth at least 3.5 to
4 billion years ago, and it has been evolving
ever since. At first, all living things on Earth
were simple, single-celled organisms. Much
later, the first multicellular organisms evolved,
and after that, Earth’s biodiversity greatly
increased.
How did Life started?

Life began on Earth at least 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, and it has been evolving ever since.
Figure below shows a timeline of the history of life on Earth.
Dinosaurs are the evidence of past life forms - Evolution can be described as a change in
species over time. Dinosaur fossils are significant evidence of evolution and of past life on
Earth.
Animals
⮚ Also called Metazoa
⮚ Animals dominate human conceptions of life on Earth not simply by their size,
abundance, and sheer diversity but also by their mobility, a trait that humans share.
⮚ Animals represent three-quarters or more of the species on Earth, a diversity that

reflects the flexibility in feeding, defense, and reproduction which mobility gives them
⮚ Animals move in pursuit of food, mates, or refuge from predators, and this movement
attracts attention and interest, particularly as it becomes apparent that the behaviour of
some creatures is not so very different from human behavior.
Definition of Animals
⮚ Animals typically move, in one way or another, to feed on other living organisms, but
some consume dead organic matter or even photosynthesize by housing symbiotic
algae
⮚ Mobility is an important influence on how an organism obtains nutrients for growth an

reproduction
⮚ A characteristic of members of the animal kingdom is the presence of muscles and the
mobility they afford.
History of Animals
It was believed that the earliest known animals began life in the Cambrian Period – 541
million years ago – but we now know that the Namacalathus were thriving nine million years
earlier in the Ediacaran Period, 550 million years ago.
Classification of Animals
Figures
History of Figures of Art

⮚ The representation of the figure in art changes as human needs and artistic expression
evolved. Early figure images served only communication and religious purposes. Later,
portraits captured images of the living. After the invention of the camera, figure art
became highly creative and expressive.
⮚ The concept is generally used in the sense that the person really existed in the past, as
opposed to being legendary.
⮚ Through history figures are represented as drawings, paintings and sculpture.
Figures of Art is the representation of the figure in art changes as human needs and artistic
expression evolved. Early figure images served only communication and religious
purposes. Later, portraits captured images of the living. After the invention of the camera,
figure art became highly creative and expressive.
Pre Historic Figure

⮚ Line drawings of figures, similar to stick figures
⮚ Told stories of tribal celebrations, war and the hunt and communicated before written
language.
Ancient Egyptian Figures

⮚ Most important figures were shown larger than others
⮚ Figure drawings were flat looking with heads and feet in profile while the chest/heart
faced forward as well as the eye
Realistic Sculpture Figure

⮚ A realistic sculpture is a sculpture that is made using realism, meaning it is a realistic
portrayal of an object or scene.
History of Nature
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was the most famous scientist of his age, a visionary
German naturalist and polymath whose discoveries forever changed the way we
understand the natural world.
Types of Nature
⮚ Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems
⮚ Taiga Ecosystem
⮚ Temperate Forest Ecosystem
⮚ Tundra Ecosystem
⮚ Shrubland Ecosystem
⮚ Lentic Ecosystems
⮚ Desert Ecosystem
Nature is in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.
"Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The
study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science.
Landscape
What is Landscape?
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate
with natural or man-made features.
History of Landscape
The study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the
environment – both present and past. It is sometimes referred to as landscape archaeology.
Landscape includes
The physical elements of geophysically defined land forms such as
⮚ Mountains and Hills
⮚ Rivers, Lakes, Ponds and Sea

Mountains and Hills
Rivers, Lakes, Ponds, and Sea
Parts of Landscape
Discovered Landscape
The first person to write of making a Landscape was
Joseph Addison in 1712.
The term Landscape architecture was invented
Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828
The adoption of the term Landscape architecture by the

modern profession.
John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843)
Types of Landscape
Principles of Landscape
⮚ SIMPLICITY - Elements that do not provide improvement or impact on the design can
be omitted.
⮚ VARIETY - Shape, size and form selections should be diverse in order to create visual
interest.
⮚ BALANCE - Everything that is placed in a design will carry a certain visual weight with
it.
⮚ EMPHASIS - Strategy that aims to draw the viewer's attention to a specific design
element.
⮚ SEQUENCE - Natural way of directing your eye to a desired point of focus. It is a result
of gradual variations in color, texture, size and shape.
⮚ PROPORTION - size of an element in relation to the other.
Purpose of Landscape
Landscaping is an art of planning the drives,
walks, lawns, shrubs, gardens, flower-beds
etc. so as to form a beautiful setting for a
building. The main purpose of landscaping is
to create a joyful environment round the
building and give the occupants a healthy
breath, good appearance and natural beauty.
Elements of Landscape
⮚ LINE - Lines can be horizontal, vertical, diagonal or curved.
⮚ FORM - Forms are associated with three dimensional objects.
⮚ COLOR - Color tends to be the most used (as well as over-used) element of landscape
design composition.
Seascape
History of Seascape
The term originated around the year 1790 and was modeled after the term landscape.
Seascapes typically depict views at sea or views from the shore. While the term seascape
became popular between 1790 and 1800, art works depicting the sea stretch back to
antiquity.
Origin
Seascape means a piece of art that depicts the sea or shoreline. A seascape is a
photograph, painting, or other work of art which depicts the sea, in other words an example
of marine art. By a similar development, "seascape" has also come to mean actual views of
the sea itself, and to be applied in planning contexts to geographical locations possessing a
good view of the sea.
Cityscape
History of cityscapes in art
In the Middle Ages, cityscapes appeared as a background for portraits and biblical themes.
The 18th century was a flourishing period for cityscape painting in Venice (Canaletto,
Guardi).
A view of a city, especially a large urban center: The cityscape is impressive as one
approaches New York from the sea.
In the visual arts a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a

painting, drawing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is
the urban equivalent of a landscape.
Famous Cityscape Painters

Well-known living cityscape painters are Rackstraw Downes, Antonio López García, and
Richard Estes. American artist Yvonne Jacquette has made a specialty of aerial cityscapes.
Mythology Arts
Traditionally classified as a form of history painting, mythological pictures are based on
themes taken from mythology - that is, from traditional tales invented to explain a particular
belief, historical event, or fact of nature. Mythological imagery can also be based on fables
or parables, or historical legends.
Mythology explains
Mythology (from the Greek mythos for story-of-the-people, and logos for word or speech, so
the spoken story of a people) is the study and interpretation of often sacred tales or fables
of a culture known as myths or the collection of such stories which deal with various
aspects of the human condition: good and evil;
Myths
Myth is a folklore genre consisting of
narratives that play a fundamental role in a
society, such as foundational tales or origin
myths. The main characters in myths are
usually gods, demigods, or supernatural
humans.
Examples of Myth Stories

⮚ Greek Mythology: Poseidon.
⮚ Mesopotamian Mythology: Marduk.
⮚ Norse Mythology: Thor.
⮚ Roman Mythology: Cupid.
⮚ Egyptian Mythology: Ra. Ra was the sun god, often regarded as the most important
of all Egyptian gods.
Dreams
A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur
involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The content and purpose of dreams
are not fully understood, although they have been a topic of scientific, philosophical and
religious interest throughout recorded history.
Types of Dreams
✔ Daydreaming is the stream of consciousness that detaches from current external
tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction
✔ Normal Dream There’s no way, you might be thinking
✔ Lucid Dreams A lucid dream is a dream during which the dreamer is aware that
they are dreaming.
✔ False Awakenings A false awakening is a vivid and convincing dream about

awakening from sleep
✔ Nightmares, nightmare is a disturbing dream associated with negative feelings,

such as anxiety or fear that awakens you.
Fantasies
Types of Fantasies
⮚ Multi-partner sex
⮚ Dominant or rough sex
⮚ voyeurism or exhibitionism
⮚ Sex in public or an unusual location
⮚ Roleplay and cosplay
⮚ Romantic sex
⮚ Gender-bending and homoeroticism
Artist and Artisans Duties and Responsibilities
Develop Artistic Project Proposals. It is typically the Artist who creates or reviews
project proposals to determine if specific project ideas can be produced. Manage Art
Production, Collaborate with Teams, On the Web, Industry Groups and Books.
Responsibilities of Artists vs. Artisans. Artists and artisans articulate a vision through
their art or craft. Fine artists work with paint, watercolor, pen and ink, or illustrations,
while artisans craft work like jewelry, glasswork, pottery or other functional products.
Art Managers
The art manager performs research, analyzes target markets and considers the
artistic requirements of clients. Most art managers are also the ones who hire, train
and supervise artists, animators or cartoonists, illustrators, photographers, graphic
designers or other employees within the department.
Art Curators
Curators are in charge of a collection of exhibits in a museum or art gallery. Their job
is to build up collections, often in specialist areas. Curators develop ways in which
objects, archives and artworks can be interpreted, through exhibitions, publications,
events and audio-visual presentations.
Art Buyers
It is an art buyer's job to produce commercial advertising projects while maintaining
creative integrity within a budget. They understand all of the project needs and are
able to source the appropriate vendors. Buyers are primarily responsible for the
planning, selecting and buying of merchandise for retail establishments. Duties
include market research, competitor analysis, product evaluations and testing,
monitoring purchase orders and creating reports for the management team.
Art Collectors
They have role in the value of a piece of art and are like critics who determine the
interest of a work and can participate to the recognition of an artist. In the secondly
market: the collectors work closely with the dealer, because the dealers can be in
charge to find and to buy some artworks for the collectors.
Art Dealers
An art dealer in contemporary art typically seeks out various artists to represent, and
builds relationships with collectors and museums whose interests are likely to match
the work of the represented artists. When dealers buy works of art, they resell them
either in their galleries or directly to collectors.
Production Process
Production Process
The process of creating and artwork doesn’t necessarily follow a linear progression.
The process is essentially tripartite
⮚ Preproduction,
⮚ Production, and
⮚ Postproduction.
Pre- Production
The following are pre-production stages.
✔ Brainstorming
✔ Research-Primary-Secondary
✔ Proposal-Pitch(Synopsis)
✔ Production Schedule
✔ Budget
✔ Storyboard
✔ Location Recce -Risk Assessment
✔ Contingency Plan -Back Up Plan
✔ Shooting Schedule
✔ Call Sheets
Production Process: Pre- Production

This is why pre-production is so important, it is where the most work is required.
Pre-production is vital to all members of the crew. It ensures that the entire crew
knows exactly what’s going on. If they need to know why we’re shooting in a certain
way, or why we’re shooting in a certain place, they can see the entire process that
we’ve gone through in order to get to where we are.
Pre-production will help with the overall quality of the production by organizing it.
Production Process: Production

Production is the actual filming of the video. The video production companies you’re
working with bring their crew, equipment, talent (actors) and all necessary props out
to the location and capture all the footage necessary.
If you’re adding elements such as motion graphics, animation or voice-overs in your

video, the material will be produced in the production stage.
Production Process: Post- Production

Post-production, this is often referred to as ‘post’, is organizing, cutting, coloring and
editing the footage captured in production.
The images sound, and visual effects of the recorded film are edited and combined
into a finished product.
Medium Technique Approach
Medium Technique Approach

A medium refers to the materials that are used to create a work of art.
The plural of medium is media.
Some of the most common media are oil paints (paints that use oil to hold pigments
together), tempera (pigments held together with egg yolk), marble (soft, white stone),
and bronze (a metal used to cast sculptures).
Medium Technique Approach: Oil Painting

Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are held together with a type
of oil that dries when exposed to air, called drying oil.
Medium Technique Approach: Tempra

Tempera is another common medium. Before oil painting became popular, most
painting was done with tempera paints.
Medium Technique Approach: Marble

Marble is one of the most common media. Marble is a soft stone that is easy for
sculptors to carve, chip, and polish into smooth and beautiful works of art.
Medium Technique Approach: Combined arts

Is where different art forms interact and create something new and exciting across
outdoor arts, carnival, festivals, spectacle, interdisciplinary work, live art and
participatory and social art practice.
Medium Technique Approach: Auditory arts

Is art that is heard at one particular time.
Examples of auditory art include music and poetry. Music is heard using.
Gamaba
Gamaba National Artists

In April 1992, the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures
Award was institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355. Tasked with the
administration and implementation of the Award is the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
The following are the Awardees of Manlilikhang Bayan:

⮚ Ginaw Bilog
⮚ Samaon Sulaiman
⮚ Lang Dulay
⮚ Alonzo Saclag
⮚ Federico Caballero
⮚ Uwang Ahadas
⮚ Darhata Sawabi
⮚ Magdalena Gamayo and etc.
Gamaba Exhibits
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, Feb. 22 (PIA) -- An exhibit courtesy of the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), featuring the profiles and sample
works of 73 national artists and 16 Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), opened
February 20 at the Ayala Malls Capitol Central in Bacolod City.
Dr. Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava, author and literary guru, and Mrs. Guadalupe Alcala,
wife of the late national artist for visual arts Larry Alcala, together with
representatives from the Provincial Tourism Office Cheryl Decena and April Love
Wee, Tanya Lopez, Executive Director of The Negros Museum, Alex Delos Santos
of Teatro San Antonio in Antique and August Melody Andong of the National
Economic and Development Authority Region 6, led the ribbon-cutting ceremony to
open the exhibit which will run until March 25.
The Order of National Artists is the highest national recognition given to Filipino
individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine
arts namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast arts, and
architecture and allied arts.
Managing Audience
“Audience Management” is defined as the process of sourcing, managing, analyzing,
defining, and activating customer data for cross-channel campaigns.
The outcome is that the right message reaches the right audience at the right
moment on the right channel, thus optimizing both–operational efficiencies and
campaign outcomes.
Elements of Visual Arts
Elements of Visual Arts

✔ Line
✔ Color
✔ Texture
✔ Perspective
✔ Space
✔ Form
✔ Volume
They are the building blocks of composition in art. When we analyze any drawing,
painting, sculpture or design, we examine these component parts to see how they
combine to create the overall effect of the artwork.
Line
⮚ Line is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
⮚ Lines always have direction.
Two classifications of Line

1.Straight Line is a basic framework
of many forms, but it lacks softness
and flexibility.
Horizontal line
Vertical Line
Diagonal Line
2. Curved Lines suggest grace,

subtleness, direction, instability,
movement, flexibility, joyousness
and grace.
Crooked or Jagged
Color
⮚ Has the most aesthetic appeal of all the elements of visual arts.
⮚ Delight in color is a universal human characteristics.
3 Dimensions of Colors
1.Hues is the dimension of color that gives its name
2.Intensity it gives color strength
3.Value refers to the lightness or darkness of the color.
Texture
⮚ is an element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. Also, it is best
appreciated when an object is touched with our hands.
⮚ is being used by sculpture, architecture, paintings and other forms of art.
Perspective
from the Latin 'perspicere' means to see through, deals with the effect of distance
upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the EYE judges spatial
relationships. It is important in painting because volume is to be presented on a two
dimensional surface.
Two Kinds of Perspective

⮚ Linear Perspective is the presentation of an appearance of distance by means of
converging lines.
⮚ Aerial Perspective is the presentation of relative distance of objects by
gradations of tone and color.
Space
refers to distance or areas around,between or within components of a piece.
Form
applies to the overall design of work of art. It describes the structure or shape of an
object.
Types of Form
✔ Regular Forms
✔ Irregular forms
✔ Centralized forms
✔ Linear forms
✔ Radial forms
✔ Grid forms
✔ Volume
COMBINED ARTS
Combine is a term Robert Rauschenberg invented to describe a series of works that

combine aspects of painting and sculpture. Virtually eliminating all distinctions
between these artistic categories, the combines either hang on the wall or are
freestanding. With the combine series, Rauschenberg endowed new significance to
ordinary objects by placing them in the context of art.
A combine painting is an artwork that incorporates various objects into a painted

canvas surface, creating a sort of hybrid between painting and sculpture. Items
attached to paintings might include photographic images, clothing, newspaper
clippings, ephemera or any number of three-dimensional objects.
A term coined by Robert Rauschenberg for a type of work he invented in the early
1950s—a very radical form of collage—in which a painted surface is ‘combined’ with
various real objects, or sometimes photographic images, attached to it. The most
famous example is Monogram (1955–9, Moderna Museet, Stockholm), featuring a
stuffed goat with a tyre around its middle, splashed with paint in a manner recalling
Action Painting.
Combines Art is a form Maintaining increasingly subtle relations between painting

and sculpture, photographic image and abstraction, claiming to represent a Total Art,
which includes music and dance and in which time is an element of visual artwork,
the artist continues to question and exceed the boundaries between art forms.
Example paint of Rauschenberg Monogram (1955)
Arts
What is Art?
Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory,
or performed artifacts— artworks—that express the author’s imaginative or technical
skill, and are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.
Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis (its representation of reality),

expression, communication of emotion, or other qualities. Though the definition of
what constitutes art is disputed and has changed over time, general descriptions
center on the idea of imaginative or technical skill stemming from human agency and
creation. When it comes to visually identifying a work of art, there is no single set of
values or aesthetic traits.
The principles of art

If the elements of art are your tools, the principles of art are how you put them to
work. It is where the style of art manipulates its substance. Rhythm, harmony,
balance, contrast, movement, proportion, and variety are the principles of art.
Rhythm
This principle of art describes the movement in or of an artwork. Rhythm is created
by the variety and repetition of elements in a work of art that come together to create
a visual tempo or beat.
Harmony
This is achieved when the elements of an artwork come together in a unified way.
Certain element are repeated yet still look and feel similar. Not monotony and not
chaos, harmony is that perfectly honed combination of both.
Balance
Artists combine elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art.
Symmetry and asymmetry are manifestations of balance.
Contrast
Areas of contrast are where a viewer’s eye are usually first drawn. Artists will
combine elements to stress the differences between those elements.
Movement
Movement is used to create the look and feeling of action in an artwork. It guides the
viewer’s eye throughout a piece. A sense of movement can be varied lines, repetition
of elements, and gestural mark-making among many more.
Pattern
This is the uniform repetition of an element of art or combination of
elements. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition.
Proportion
Within the realm of the elements and principles of art, proportion is the relationship of
elements in an artwork to the whole and to one another.
Variety
The principle of art concerned with diversity or contrast is that of variety. Variety is
brought about by using different colors, sizes and shapes in a work of art. It is the
partner of unity. Artists seek the balance between the two.
Example of arts
GRAFFITI FUSION,
OVERLAPPING AND INTERRELATED ELEMENTS
GRAFFITI
Is a writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission

and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall
paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient
Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire.
In modern times, spray paint and marker pens have become commonly used graffiti

materials, and there are many different types and styles of graffiti; it is a rapidly
developing art form.
In some countries Graffiti is a controversial subject.
TYPES OF GRAFFITI
ANCIENT GRAFFITI
Graffiti is a Italian word of graffito means to scratched.
This kind of arts helped us to understand the life style, language, belief, etc. of the
ancient civilization through writing or drawing at wall.
CONTEMPORARY GRAFFITI
Contemporary graffiti style has been heavily influenced by hip hop culture and the
myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City Subway.
The oldest known example of modern graffiti are the "monikers" found on train cars
created by hobos and rail workers since the late 1800s.
Some graffiti have their own poignancy.
FAMOUS ARTIST OF CONTEMPORARY GRAFFITI

Lee Quiñones
Nationality: Puerto Rican
Born: 1964
Blu
Nationality: Italian
Seen Ua
Nationality: American
Born: 1961
#7 Lady Pink
Nationality: Ecuadorian
Born: 1964
Examples of paintings
Poetry
is an art that is written or spoken in rhythmical composition. the purpose of poetry is
to entertain by creating a beautiful or imaginative thought.
Lyrical Poetry
is short, highly musical verse that conveys powerful feelings. The poet may use
rhyme, meter, or other literary devices to create a song-like quality.
Performance Arts
Performance Arts
a time-based art form that typically features a live presentation to an audience or to

onlookers (as on a street) and draws on such arts as acting, poetry, music, dance,
and painting.
artworks that are created through actions performed by the artist or other
participants, which may be live or recorded, spontaneous or scripted
While the terms ‘performance’ and ‘performance art’ only became widely used in the
1970s, the history of performance in the visual arts is often traced back to futurist
productions and dada cabarets of the 1910s.
Performance art arose in the early 1970s as a general term for a multitude of

activities—including Happenings, body art, actions, events, and guerrilla theatre
First International Dada Fair, Berlin, 1920.Courtesy of Hannah Hoch
Mona Hatoum Performance Still 1985, 1995 Tate © Mona Hatoum

Although it dates back to the medieval performances of court minstrels and travelling
troubadours (if not to the oratorical performances of Classical Antiquity), modern
Performance Art owes its existence to the activities of avant-garde movements such
as Futurism (c.1909-14), Dada (1916-24), Surrealist Automatism (1924-
40), Nouveau Realisme (early 1960s), Fluxus (1960s), Neo-Dada (1960s), Body
Art (from 1960) and Feminist Art (1970 onwards). These movements rejected the
"formalist" conventions of traditional art - in which pride of place is given to the
"finished product": the painting, sculpture or other work of art in question - and
instead focused on the 'message' or 'concept' of the artwork.
In the post-war period performance became aligned with conceptual art, because of
its often immaterial nature. Now an accepted part of the visual art world, the term
has since been used to also describe film, video, photographic and installation-based
artworks through which the actions of artists, performers or the audience are
conveyed.
More recently, performance has been understood as a way of engaging directly with
social reality, the specifics of space and the politics of identity. In 2016, theorist
Jonah Westerman remarked ‘performance is not (and never was) a medium, not
something that an artwork can be but rather a set of questions and concerns about
how art relates to people and the wider social world’.
Digital Art
Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the
creative or presentation process. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to
describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art.[1] Digital art is itself

placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.
Types of Digital Art to Consider
Fractal/Algorithmic Art
Fractal Art is a form of digital art including the use of mathematics. This process of
deriving art through mathematics is also termed as algorithmic art. There is a specific
type of beauty involved in the culmination of this art form which is considered as a
part of computer art and digital art, being a part of the greater family of new media
art.
Data-Moshing
Data-moshing can be termed as a process whereby media files can be manipulated
to produce the desired visual effects or images when the file is decoded.
The status of the decoded file allows the entry of snippets from other media files and
editing of the existing ones. This data-moshing process is most common in videos
rather than images.
This is because the decoded video files have more scope to be manipulated than
images that do not have too much space.
Modern video files have a complex method of not crossing the storage space. This is
done by not downloading the entire image on the device, but only snippets of the
image is downloaded.
Dynamic Painting
Dynamic painting is considered as the most modern and advanced form of digital art.
Historically, the denotation of art was assumed to be created by the hands of man
himself and art was supposed to remain in that terrain.
However, modernity and Industrial Revolution gave birth to technology and the
adoption of new methods of turning physical labor into mental labor, where the work
of the manual laborers was demolished and was instead replaced by the use of
specialized skills to operate these machines produced by capitalist giants.
Dynamic painting developed as a form of digital art, where the art or picture was
painted by an autonomous system, namely a computer, where there was minimal
physical labor used to complete the work.
2D Computer Graphics
2D computer graphics are derived from 2D dimensional models like texts and digital
images. It works on transforming the traditional forms of art into digital art which can
be used in projects and animation for the media and entertainment industry. 2D
graphics are generally derived on traditional graphics like typography, cartography,
technical drawing and advertising.
3D Computer Graphics
The 3D computer graphics has the task of representing the three-dimensional aspect
of geometric data which is found in almost every model or structure. The 3-
dimensional computer graphics calculates these geometric data and stores it in the
device for future reference.
DIGITAL ART
Digital art is work made with digital technology or presented on digital technology.
This includes images done completely on computer or hand-drawn images scanned
into a computer and finished using a software program like Adobe Illustrator. Digital
art can also involve animation and 3D virtual sculpture renderings as well as projects
that combine several technologies. Some digital art involves manipulation of video
images.
TYPES OF DIGITAL ART
1.Manga
Manga is an art style which originated in Japan, with very similar appearances
to cartoons. Many manga characters feature large eyes and a youthful appearance.
Anime is an animated form of the manga art style, making digital art the ideal method
for creating art in the manga style, because of how easy this art can then be
transformed into animations.
2.Cartoon
Cartoon is a style very similar to anime and manga, often featuring exaggerated
features and simplified designs. Some cartoon characters may feature unusually
shaped heads, whereas others may large facial and bodily features. Artists,
especially digital artists, will adapt their own style for their cartoons, as a way of
putting their own identity into their art.
3. Realism
Realism is a type of digital art which is as it sounds. Realism focuses on real-life and
attempts to closely capture people and scenes in the real world as accurately as
possible. Digital artists enjoy creating art in this style because of the leniency that
creating using this medium allows.
4.Semi-realism
Semi-realism features many aspects of realism, also incorporating other features of
styles such as cartoons. Semi-realism art will attempt to capture the likeness of the
subject of the art, while also exaggerating or changing certain features to add new
angles or levels to the art. The digital art medium allows artists to quickly and easily
make alterations and changes to a piece of realist art, making semi-realism a very
popular art style with digital artists.
Ways to Create Digital Art
Sketch the outline

Starts with a rough sketch create using a pressure-sensitive stylus and tablet and
paints over it. Selects a color and choose a rough brush to create an outline of the
face and neck. Alternate brush sizes to create different width strokes — broader
strokes for the face, thinner ones for the finer details of the hair. Once you're done,
change the layer opacity to 13% and creates a new layer. With the new layer
selected, refines the sketch by tracing the outline with a slanted, darker brush.
Fill the sketch with color blocking

Prepare to apply the first pass of color. In this multistep process, group the two
outline layers and creates a new layer. Then, use a custom oil pastel from the Tool
Presets and traces the outer edges of the sketch.
Apply the key colors without focusing on blending yet. Fill the hair and clothing with
orange, then fill the areas of skin with a pale peach using a soft round brush. Use
Replace Color to modify the Fuzziness, Hue, and Saturation of the peach to define
the highlights on the face. Then, highlight the hair with blue and locks the transparent
pixels on the top layer to change the color of the faded edges of the hair without
“spilling” the color onto the rest of the canvas.
Throughout this phase, alternate brush sizes for refinement and uses the Eraser tool
for cleanup as needed.
Add color and detail

Perfect the colors through intuition and experimentation. Start by choosing colors,
then plays with sliders to tweak the Hue/Saturation/Lightness and Selective Color
until you're happy with the result.
Duplicate a layer and works on a new one to track the progress of your drawing. The
previous layer shows the image at an earlier stage and allows you to make sure the
project is progressing the way you wants.
Apply a gradient for blending and transformation for proportion

Use the Gradient tool to create a blur between the different color tones of the cheeks
for a smoother blend. Then select and transforms the eye to resize and reposition it.
Continue to refine features, colors, and textures of the face with more brushwork and
adds cheek and eye highlights on a new layer.
Liquefy the features and adjust the final color

In the final stage, use the Liquefy filter to drag and pull parts of the eye, mouth, chin,
nose, and hair to create subtle but realistic changes to those features.
To finish the painting use Selective Color adjustments to fine-tune the hair and skin
color.
Trans-Creation
Trans-Creation Music to Text

basically means recreating a text for the target audience, in other words ‘translating’
and “recreating” the text. Hence the term “trans-creation” is used to make sure that
the target text is the same as the source text in every aspect: the message conveys,
style, the images and emotions it evokes and its cultural background. You could say
that the trans-creation is to translation what copywriting is to writing.
As you can see from the picture, there is a figure formed, it uses different notes to
form a tree. It turns out that from a simple text using different notes you will be able
to translate the message from one language to another through written or visual
design. So, basically this type of translation expresses an idea, concepts to ensure
the message has the same impact to the receiver.
Text to Dance
The text is a permanent artifact hand written or printed, while the performance is the
unique, never to be repeated realization of the text, a realization that brings the text
to life but which is itself doomed to die on the breath.
Dance performance are based on stories such as fairy-tales, like example THE
SLEEPING Beauty, CINDERELLA AND SWAN Lake are based on fairy tales the
original stories are much darker than the stories perceived on the stages as it was to
appeal to the audience that watched it as many or them are young children.
Urban dance has become a popular part of western dance culture. It has been
considered to be a form of traditional folk dance as it was performed in an open
space such as streets and not in a studio back ground
Principles of Unity
Unity (also called harmony) is an important principle of design that gives the artwork

a sense of coherence. It is the wholeness or completeness of a picture.
Unity - is defined as the organization of similarities between elements that make up a

work of art in order to create visual and conceptual connections. The ways in which
artists create compositional unity, conceptual unity, and gestalt unity are discussed.
What is unity art examples?

Elements in a painting that would be considered examples of unity might be colors
that are close to one another in terms of hue or Chroma, or recurring shapes, or
textures that mimic one another.
What is unity in art?

Unity refers to how different elements of an artwork or design work come together
and create a sense of wholeness. It can be achieved through proximity, simplicity,
repetition and continuation. Art and Design.
What is the importance of unity?

Unity is needed for survival. As we all know unity protects us from all the evil doings,
hence we people should help each other and together we should fight and face the
evil and negative things, when we together stand only then we get freedom from all
kind of negativity.
Examples of Unity in Art using shape and form
The Kiss - Gustav Klimt made in 1862- 1918

It is an oil-on-canvas painting with added gold leaf, silver and platinum
⮚ Galatea of the Spheres is a painting by Salvador Dalí made in 1952.

⮚ The spheres themselves representing atomic particles.
Examples of Unity in Art Using Color
Also known as The Allegory of Painting, or Painter in his Studio, is a 17th-century oil

on canvas painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer.
The Old Guitarist is an oil painting by Pablo Picasso created in late 1903 and early
1904. It depicts an elderly musician, a blind, haggard man with threadbare clothing,
weakly hunched over his guitar while playing in the streets of Barcelona, Spain.
Example of Unity in art using Style

Wheatfield with Crows is a July 1890 painting by Vincent van Gogh. It has been
cited by several critics as one of his greatest works. It is commonly stated that
this was van Gogh's final painting. However, art historians are uncertain as to
which painting was van Gogh's last, as no clear historical records exist.
Examples of Unity in Art Using Line
The Peacock Skirt is an 1893 illustration by Aubrey Beardsley. His original pen and
ink drawing was reproduced as a woodblock print in the first English edition of Oscar
Wilde's one-act play Salome in 1894
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 is a 1912 painting by Marcel Duchamp. The

work is widely regarded as a Modernist classic and has become one of the most
famous of its time. Before its first presentation at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants
in Paris it was rejected by the Cubists as being too Futurist
Three types or ways of unity in art
Compositional unity
Placement or arrangement of visual elements that unify the artwork. The
arrangement of different pieces producing the harmonious &
balanced.
Conceptual unity
in art refers to the notion that all aspects within a work of art: from composition to
color to the arrangement of elements to representational strategies should work
together harmoniously to convey a cohesive expression of the artist's idea or
intention.
Gestalt unity
Is one of the most powerful tools available to a designer for creating unity. The
same concepts that form groups can be reversed to ungroup items—to make them
look unique and stand alone.
Principles of Design
DESIGN - It is what links creativity and innovation. It shapes ideas to become
practical and attractive propositions for users, clients and customers. Design may be
describes as creativity deployed to a specific end.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN - the Principles of Design describe the ways an artist use
different elements of design in a composition. These ways or principles are Balance,
Rhythm, Emphasis, Contrast, Movement, Harmony, Proportion & Scale.
BALANCE - balance is the distribution of visual weight of the object, color, texture
and number of objects.
Symmetrical balance- refers to balance that is achieved by arranging elements on

either side of the center of a composition in an equally weighted manner.
Symmetrical balance can be thought of as 50/50 balance or like a mirror image.
Asymmetrical balance- It just means that there are no more mirror images in a
composition. The term, however, is usually used to describe a kind of balance that
does not rely on symmetry.
1. RHYTHM - Rhythm in architecture is the repetitive use of a group of visual

elements, at least three times, to establish a recognizable “pattern”. Simple
examples of rhythm are the alternating window and column arrangement of most
high rise office building. Types of rhythm
Rhythm by Repetition- Rhythm created by duplicating (repeating) shapes, color,

pattern, line, texture.
Example: Repeated window panes, repeat. Stripes on wall and design and color of
glass.
Rhythm by Radiation - Rhythm created by identical objects coming from a central

axis.
Example #1: The glass frames “Radiate” from the center of the path.
Example #2: Gradation on a dress
Rhythm by Gradation - The size of the same objects in the room changes from small
to large, or a color from light to dark
Example #1: Carpet on the floor changes gradually in value.
Example #2: The floor design, the windows, furniture etc. is in redial rhythm.
Rhythm by Opposition- Rhythm created direct placement of lines, shapes or color to

create opposition through abrupt visual change.
Example #1: Contrasting black and white tiles and the lines intersecting at right
angles.
Rhythm by Transition - Rhythm created by curved lines that carry your eye across a
straight surface.
Example #1: Window treatments that gently swag down create a soft rhythm by
transition.
Example #2: Contrast (variety) in texture

Example #3: Contrast (variety) in Size & Shape
Emphasis- is the art of making a specific element stands out or draws attention to
the eye. It is the focus of attention and interest within a composition. In architecture it
is the feature that commands attention and makes a design visually interesting
Contrast- is simply defined as difference. It is a Difference between elements or

subjects within a work of art or composition. Contrast can be created through variety
within the elements of art. (I.e. value, color, texture) Contrast can be used to create a
focal point or area of interest in an artwork. Contrast is closely related to variety
which is usually considered as principle of design. Although some art purist, stick
with variety and argue that contrast simply creates variety.
Example #1: Contrast (variety) in color

2. Movement - is the visual flow of your design. It’s the path that you intend your
viewer’s eye to follow. You can create this by purposefully placing art elements in a
way that creates a path for the eye to follow.
Example #1: Movement patterns
Example #2: Movement in Architecture

Harmony - Harmony in visual designs means all parts of the visual image relate to
and complement each other. Harmony pulls the pieces of a visual image together.
Harmony can be achieved through repetition and rhythm. There are two types of
Harmony: Unity and Variety
Harmony by Unity - Unity occurs when all the parts of a design or composition are
related by one idea.
Harmony by Variety - when multiple elements of design are used to add interest to a
design. Variety can be created using different elements and materials, as long as
they are compatible to each other.
Proportion & Scale - refers to the size of an object (a whole) in relationship to

another object (another whole). In art the size relationship between an object and the
human body is significant. In experiencing the scale of an artwork we tend to
compare its size and to the size of our own bodies.
Principles of Balance
Balance in Art - refers to the ways in which the elements (lines, shape, colors,
textures, etc.) of a piece are arranged.
Two types of Balance:

A.) Symmetrical Balance - The shape and form of the design is evenly balanced on
both sides. Two halves of the design should contain the same amount of shape,
color, and/or movement in order to achieve balance.
B.) Asymmetrical Balance - Works on a comparable solid design principle to the
imaginary line mentioned above but differs in that the line can run diagonally or on
an axis.
RADIAL BALANCE
In radial balance, elements radiate out (in a circular shape) from one main center
point. If you’re looking to create a strong focal point, radial balance is an effective
technique because your eyes are naturally drawn inwards to the center.
Principles of Emphasis
Emphasis - is the principle of art that helps the audience put the story of a painting
together in their own minds. Any object or area of emphasis is called a focal point.
The focal point is meant to be the part of an artwork to which the viewer's eyes are
first attracted.
Why Is Emphasis Important?
Emphasis - is used in art to attract the viewer's attention to a particular area or
object. This is typically the focal point or main subject of the artwork. For instance, in
a portrait painting, the artist usually wants you to see the person's face first. They will
use techniques such as color, contrast, and placement to make sure that this area is
where your eye is attracted to first.
Any piece of art may have more than one area of emphasis. However, one typically
dominates over all others. If two or more are given equal importance, your eye does
not know how to interpret it. This confusion may lead you to not enjoy an otherwise
good piece of work.
What is emphasis in art?

is a principle of art which refers to the use of visual elements to draw attention to a
cartain area, usually in a focal point in art work.
There are many ways you could go about using emphasis in your art. Usually, it
involves contrasting different elements against each other. For example, a bright, red
object will stand out amongst a dully gray background. Or a straight line amongst
curved line. Or a round object amongst circular object.
What should you emphasize?
Before you try to use emphasis in your art, you need to ask yourself what am I going
to emphasize? It would be productive to draw intention to unimportant areas in your
painting. Consider your point of focal point is and what you are trying to
communicate through your painting.
Any object or area of emphasis is called a focal point. The focal point is meant to be
the part of an artwork to which the viewer’s eyes are first attracted. Artworks can
have multiple focal points. The degree to which the focal points stand out determine
the order in which the viewer notices them.
A variety of ways to create emphasis
Contrast - exploring the arrangement of different parts, such as light and dark,
opposite hues of the color wheel, texture, and size, contrast is employed to create
the rhythm, or to strengthen the focus of the artwork.
Isolation - is a straight-forward way to ensure the “main character” of a picture is
noticed. Place an object of emphasis outside of a grouping and you will force your
audience to take notice of it.
Location - Using a bulls-eye as an example, the location of a compositional element
contributes to our feelings about emphasis as well. The bulls-eye on a dart board is
in the center for good reason. All things being equal, a viewer will look at the center
of a composition first. Placing important objects or people near the center of a
canvas will add to their emphasis.
Convergence - Lines and edges can work like arrows to indicate a focal point. Not
only obvious lines work but implied lines (invisible lines) as well. For example, the
direction of a person’s gaze can indicate to the audience where to look next.
The Unusual - A fun way to create emphasis in a composition is to have one
element stand-out because it is so different – a round object among angular shapes,
a line of people with one facing the wrong way. Think of it as the “twist” at the end of
a movie. If you are changing what the audience expects to something unexpected,
then you will create a striking point of emphasis.
Level of Rending - In reality, any one thing is as undeniably real as any other thing.
People, trees, cars and buildings all share the same level of “existence”, the same
“completeness”. In a painting or drawing however, the artist decides the degree to
which various pictorial elements are rendered. Think of it as finished vs. unfinished
or tight vs. loose. A sharp/clear area in an otherwise loose composition acts as a

focal point.
Three specific ways you can use contrast to add emphasize in your own art.
Complementary Color - are arranged across from one another on the color wheel.
They are far apart. Compliments are as different in hue as possible. Examples
include red/green, blue/orange, and - is a color found in only one spot in a
composition. An object with isolated color stands out because its yellow/violet.
Isolated Color - does not harmonize with the rest of the color palette. Since this
color is only found in one location, it draws our eyes to it.
Absent Color - similar to isolated color but more severe, a single-color note in an
otherwise colorless artwork draws our eyes to it. There will be no doubt in the
audiences’ mind what the artist means to emphasize if only one object is in color.
Three elements of art:
COLOR
TEXTURE
VALUE
These elements are useful in creating emphasis through contrast. Using texture in
only one spot or placing a light object in an otherwise dark environment will attract
the attention of the viewer.
Examples of master painting of emphasis in art
Impression, by Sunrise by Claude Monet 1872
It is drawn towards the orange sunset which stands out from the weak blues. green
and greys in the background. Monet used color situation in this case to emphasize
the sunset.
Parisian Beggar girl by John Singer Sargent 1877
This painting show Sargent used emphasis for the girl extended hand, hard edges
and that burst of red around her forearm draw your attention. Towards this area, her
face on the other hand, is left vague and ambiguous. - her begging hand is more
important than her identity.
Principles in Harmony
Harmony
It is the principle of art that creates cohesiveness by stressing the similarities of
separate but related parts and harmony uses the elements of art (color, line, shape,
form, value, space, texture) as a vehicle to create a sense of togetherness amongst
otherwise separate parts.
What Is Harmony in Art?
It is a principle of art which refers to how well all the visual elements work together.
Elements which are in harmony should have some kind of logical progression or
relationship. It should just look like it works.
A set of colors that relate according to a specific scheme creates harmony.
Likewise, a uniform texture of brush strokes across the surface of a canvas creates
harmony.
Another way to guarantee harmony is to choose compositional components that are
similar in shape and contour. For example, a composition that utilizes only curvy
shapes will have more harmony than a similar composition that includes both curvy
and geometric shapes. The parts of the image below are in harmony because every
contour is a curve.
Another way to guarantee harmony is to choose compositional components that are

similar in shape and contour enable to have a perfect picture which means there’s no
distraction in looking the art because they have the same shape and contour.
Principles of Proportion
Proportion in art
Is the relationship of two or more elements in a composition and how they compare
to one another with respect to size, color, quantity, degree, settings, ratio, and etc…
When two or more elements are put together in a painting a relationship is created.
This relationship is said to be harmonious when a correct or desirable association
exists between the elements. This refers to the correct sizing and distribution of an
element which then creates good proportion. Good proportion adds harmony and
symmetry or balance among the parts of a design as a whole.
Proportion is usually not even noticed until something is out of proportion. When the
relative size of two elements being compared seems wrong or out of balance it is
said to be “out of proportion”. For example if a person has a head larger than their
entire body, then we would say that they were out of proportion.
When the principle of proportion is applied to a work of art it is usually in the

relationship of size. That is, the size of one element as compared to the size of
another related element within the same composition. In this instance, a comparison
of size is made between the:
⮚ Height, width and depth of one element to that of another.
⮚ Size of one area to the size of another area.
⮚ Size of one element to the size of another element
⮚ Amount of space between two or more elements
There are several ways for achieving good proportion:

1.) Place like elements together which are similar in character or have a common
feature.
2.) Create major and minor areas in the design, as equal parts can quickly become
monotonous and boring. However, the differences in size must not be so great as to
make the parts appear unrelated and therefore, out of harmony with each other.
3.) Arrangement of space should be in such a way that the eye does not perceive a
standard mathematical relationship. Dividing up the composition in halves, quarters
and thirds should be avoided. A subtle relationship creates a more dynamic design.
4.)Create harmony in the art work. Harmony is an agreement between the shapes
that stresses the similarities of all parts. In other words, the shape of one part should
“fit” the shape of the adjoining elements. Shapes should “fit” properly in their
positions and spaces.
PRINCIPLES OF SUBORDINATION
This principle states that general interest is superior to the individual interest. And
the manager must try to integrate the individual goal with the organizational goal in
such a manner so that both the objectives are accomplished with efficiency and
effectiveness. The manager directs the employees in such a manner that they work
for their objective and ultimately the organizational objective is achieved. Each and
every individual joins the organization with certain expectations and objective. And
everyone works to achieve his objective.
If the objectives of the individual employee is in the direction of the achievement of
the overall organizational objective then there is no problem, but where the
employee has an objective which drives him in the opposite direction from that of the
organizational objective, the manager must try to reconcile the goals of both, the
individual with the organization so as to achieve the objectives. The manager must
try to achieve the organizational objective in such a manner that the individual
objectives are also achieved.
All this leads to satisfaction among the employees which helps to maintain a cordial
relation among the employees and the management. This also facilitates to increase
the efficiency of the employees, and leads to harmony in the organization.
Positive impacts of this principle:

⮚ Achievement of organizational objective;
⮚ Coordination between individual and organizational goal;
⮚ Harmony in the organization;

⮚ Increases employee’s respect for the organization.
Consequences of violation of this principle:

⮚ Difficulty in achievement of organizational goal;
⮚ Conflicting situations in the organization;
⮚ Wastage of efforts, time and resources; and
⮚ Delay in work.
Rule of Thirds
What is the Rule of Thirds?
It is a process of dividing an image into thirds, using two horizontal and two vertical
lines. This imaginary grid yields nine parts with four intersection points.
When you position the most important elements of your image at these intersection
points, you produce a much more natural image. It is also suggested that any
horizon is placed on either the top horizontal line or bottom horizontal line.
Rules of the Thirds, Landscape Horizon
How to use Rule of Thirds specifically in your landscape photography?
⮚ Avoid placing the horizon line of a photograph directly in the center of the image.
Putting the horizon line 1/3 of the way from the top or 1/3 of the way from the
bottom creates a more attractive composition.
⮚ By placing the horizon line at the top third will focus your image on the
foreground interest
⮚ By placing the horizon line at the bottom third will reduce focus on foreground
and send the viewers eyes to the background and sky.
⮚ So when composing your image ask yourself, “How do I want my viewers eyes to
scan the image when they see my picture?”
Try to get specific focal points onto the corners of that middle square
DON’T BE A PERFECTIONIST – Your subjects of interest do not need to be
perfectly along these lines, but generally close
After mastering this simple technique, BREAK THE RULE

Suggestions: Split the frame into only 4 sections and at rare times center
Image Composition
⮚ Most images from an amateur photographer are centered
⮚ Artistically there are composition elements, such as lines, points, etc that define
an image
⮚ Photographs work better when the area (or areas) of interest are placed off
center. And this is where the rule of thirds comes in
⮚ Divide your image into 9 sections

⮚ Place areas along these lines
⮚ Even if not done in the shot, can be done in editing process later
READING THE IMAGE
⮚ The Four Planes in Analysis

⮚ The Basic Semiotic Plane
⮚ The Iconic Plane
⮚ The Contextual Plane
⮚ Various Genre of Music
The Basic Semiotic Plane

Semiotics – is the study of “signs”. (here the work of the art is the iconic or pictorial
sign.)
Signs consist of a “signifier” or its material / physical aspect and its “signified” or non-
material aspect as concept and value.
“Referent” or object as it exists in the real world.
Visual Work - (two-dimensional pictorial space or a three-dimensional body)
⮚ is an embodiment of signs in which all physical or material marks and
traces,elements, figures, notations are signifies which bear a semantic or
meaning-conveying potential and which in relation to each other convey
concepts and values which are their signifies.
⮚ Their semantic potential is realized in the analysis or reading of the integral work.
⮚ The basic semiotic plane covers the elements and the general technical and
physical aspects of the work with their semantic (meaning-conveying potential.)
It Includes:
1. The visual elements and how they are used: line value, color, texture, shape,
composition in space, movement
2. The choice of medium and technique
3. The format of the work
4. Other physical properties and marks of the work
The elements of the visual arts derive their semantic or meaning-conveying potential
from two large sources:
1. Psychophysical Experiences
2. Socio-Cultural Conventions
The Iconic Plane
⮚ Based on the signifier-signified relationship
⮚ Particular features, aspects, and qualities of the image which are the signifiers
⮚ Image is regarded as an “iconic sign”
⮚ Iconic plane includes the choice of the subject which may bear social and
political implications
⮚ Consider the presentation of the image and its relationship of the viewer
⮚ Iconic plane is the positioning of the figure or figures, whether frontal, in profile,
three-fourths, etc. and the significations that arise from these different
presentations
The Contextual Plane

⮚ Resituating the work in its context will bring out the full meaning of the work in
terms its human and social implications
⮚ The viewer draws out the dialogic relationship of art and society
⮚ A broad knowledge of history and the economic, political and cultural conditions,
past and present of a society is called upon in the contextual plane
⮚ The different symbolic systems which are culture-bound also came into play
⮚ The contextual plane likewise situates the work in the personal and social
circumstances of its production
⮚ The work may contain allusions to personal or public events, conditions, stages,
as well as influences, such as persons and literary text that have been
particularly meaningful to the artist
⮚ The work is viewed or studied in relation to its epoch, to the prevailing world
views, ideologies, issues, concern, trends, and events of the day
⮚ The work of art conveys values, artistic, religious, social or political
⮚ Art is not value free. All art contains values of one kind or another
⮚ Abstract art, likewise, may express world views and values

⮚ A single work of art is often more completely understood when it is viewed in the
context of the artist’s entire body of work
Various Gene of Music

Music – comes in different types and styles ranging from traditional rock music to
world pop, easy listening and bluegrass
Music of genre - is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as
belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions
Popular Music Genres

Blues - a secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century,
originally in the south
the simple but expressive forms of the blues became by the 1960s one of the most
important influences on the development of popular music throughout the United
States
Jazz - is a musical form, often improvisational, developed by African Americans and
influenced by both European harmonic structure and African rhythms
it was developed partially from ragtime and blues and is often characterized by
syncopated rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation,
often deliberate deviations of pitch, and the use of original timbres
Rhythm and Blues - Also called rhythm and blues or R&B, term used several types
of postwar African-American popular music as well as for some white rock music
derived from it
The term was coined by Jerry Wexler in 1947, when he was editing the charts at the
trade journal Billboard and found that the record companies issuing black popular
music demeaning
Rock Music - a form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music
during the mid and late 1960s
Harsher and often self-consciously more serious than its predecessors, it was initially
characterized by musical experimentation and drug-related or antiestablishment
lyrics
Rock and Roll - also called rock ‘n’roll or rock & roll, style of popular music that
originated in the United States in the mid-1950s and that evolved by the mid-1960s
into the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the
latter also continued to be known as rock and roll
Country Music - a form o popular music originating in the rural southern US
it is traditionally a mixture of ballads and dance tunes played characteristically on
fiddle, guitar, steel guitar, drums and keyboard
Soul Music - (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that
originated in the African American community throughout the United States in the
1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music,
rhythm and blues and jazz
Funk Music - In the mid-60s, US soul singer James Brown developed a new style of
music called funk
In soul music the melody and lyrics are central, but in funk the rhythmic groove is
central
a funk groove can continue for a long time without chords changes, and funk songs
in the 60s often lasted for ten minutes or more
Hip Hop Music - Was created in the poorest districts of New York City by African
American and Latino teenagers as part of a hip hop scene that also produced break
dancing and graffiti art
Many of these young people were unemployed but some found work as DJs in
discos where they learned delaying techniques like how to use two turntables and a
DJ mixer to play records non-stop
Art making
Art making is a fun and rewarding way for people to express themselves and to learn
a broad range of skills and concepts. In making arts, students explore the ideas ang
techniques used by artists and experience the decision-making practices that artists
had use over the centuries
Benefits of art making

⮚ Building Confidence
When educators emphasize the art-making process over the final product, students
increase their sense of mastery, decision making, feeling of inclusion and
independence, and ultimately growth in self-awareness.
⮚ Enhancing the Curriculum
Collecting and working with natural materials to make a collage, for example, can
expand students learning in an environmental studies program.
⮚ Developing Thinking Skills
When students make art, they have the opportunity to express what they feel,
fantasize, tell stories, and provide their ideas with concrete form
⮚ Improving Tactile and Motor Skills
Art-making is a fascinating and effective way to introduce students to a variety of
textures and help them develop their tactile exploration skills
Elements of art
⮚ Line, Color, Shape, Form, Value, Space, Texture
Crafting instruments
Crafting instruments is transforming any found or used object into a musical
instrument. This allows a person to discover harmony and balance that produces a
sound that is entertaining
Recycled instruments
Hand crafting instruments
Crafting image
Crafting
The activity or hobby of making decorative arts by hand. It has emerged as a
fashionable form of self expression.
Image
Is a visual representation.
Crafting Images
Refers to imaging or representing in any form like painting, sculpting, drawing etc.
Crafting stories
Stories lights up our brain and fire neurons in the same way as an actual physical
action would. They arouse our emotions, stimulate learning, command attention and
persuade action
The makeup of a well-crafted story comes down to interesting characters, relatable
plots, and most importantly, a feeling of vulnerability and connection
5 c’s of story telling

Connect - Create an emotional connection with your audience. If you don’t tap into
your audience’s emotions, engagement is almost impossible. You need to leverage
this connection by narrowing in on an obstacle your audience hold close to their
heart
Challenge - Highlight a common pain point or challenge your audience face with the
goal of helping them overcome that challenge by the end of your story. Highlight a
core problem your audience has and articulate how you were once burdened with
the same challenge. To keep them hooked and wanting for more, you have to make
them feel.
Conflict - Walk your audience through the worst parts of the problem and then
provide glimmers of hope along the way. Hope shouldn’t take over just yet though.
Introduce new hurdles that dampen these chances of success. It sets them up for
what is coming next when all their hardhips withers away and they feel like their
goals are within reach
Conquer - Now it’s time to provide some hope. Show your audience how the
characters had overcome the struggle presented. The emotional roller coaster is
coming to an end and your audience finally sees a resolution
Conclude - Deliver a resolution to the challenge, ending on a positive message the

audience can take away with them
Soul making
It is an alternative venue for knowing ourselves and looking into the depths and real
meaning of what we are doing in our daily lives. It is a form of crafting stories or
transforming brief moments into images and symbols. It is connecting with people,
understanding culture, and embodying tolerance and place. It is an exploration and
application of the imagination in an active way.
Crafting Images
Refers to imaging or representing in any form, which may be through painting,
sculpting, drawing, story telling, poetry, dancing, or composing.
Crafting Stories
The moment we write, engrave and inscribe our own thoughts, ideas, commentaries,
criticisms, and positive and negative emotions, we are crafting stories.
Crafting Instruments
An instrument maker is a bridge toward the unknown because the instrument
produces sound that transcend our feelings and emotions to another realm.
Crafting Movements
Life is full of movements, it is filled with various beats. Life is full of flowing images
accompanied by flowing narratives. Everything we do in life is a performance, we
perform life.
Crafting Techniques
Anything can be crafted by using different evocative descriptions of experience and
exploration, like photograph studies, puppets and masks, construction, and notepad
studies.
The Seven Da Vincian Principles
Curiosita, or curiosity, marking his insatiable quest for knowledge and continuous
improvement
Dimostrazione, or demonstration, testing knowledge through personal experience

rather than taking others’ reports for granted
Sensazione, or sensation, continued refinement of the senses to sharpen

observation and response
Sfumato, a painting technique employed by Da Vinci to create an ethereal quality in

his work, showing his ability to embrace ambiguity and change
Arte/scienza, the balance between art and science or the science of art, which he
demonstrated in his whole-brain thinking
Corporalita, or “of the body” representing his belief that a healthy mind requires a
healthy body and the importance of cultivating both fitness and poise
Connesssione, or connection for his habit of weaving together multiple disciplines

around a single idea, recognizing, and appreciating that all phenomena are
connected.
Textile Art, Soul and Dreams and Imagination, Cross Stitching, Visual
Elements in traditional Motifs and Crafts, Indigenous Arts
Textile Art
History of Textile Art
●Textile art is one of the oldest forms of art in human civilization. At its inception, it
was not focused on looks, but for practical purposes such as clothing or blankets to
keep warm.
●This dates all the way back to prehistoric times, and anthropologists estimate that
this is between 100,000 to 500,000 years ago. These goods were made from animal
skins, furs, leaves, and more.
What is Textile Art?

Textile art is the process of creating something using fibers gained from sources like
plants, animals, insects (think silk worms!), or synthetic materials. Making textiles is
an extremely old art form.
Textile fragments have been found dating back to prehistoric times and there's a
good reason for this. Think of how cold winter can be. How would you feel if you
didn't have warm clothing? People developed textiles to keep warm, to protect
surfaces and to insulate dwellings.
Let's look at a few methods of making textile art

Yarns and Threads
●Textiles are often made through traditional methods like sewing, weaving, and
knitting. These methods all have a basic principle in common they use thread or yarn
to make or connect pieces of fabric.
● in sewing, a single needle and thread stitches pieces of cloth together and also
adds surface ornament. Embroidery, covering the surface of a textile with decorative
pictures and colourful patterns, is a form of sewing.
Weaving involves interlacing two sets of threads. These are called the warp, which
runs vertically, and the weft, which runs horizontally. Weaving requires using a piece
of equipment called a loom.
The warp threads are held tight and the weft threads are fed through them. Merging
the two together is the process of weaving.
Example of Woven textile
Types of Textile Art

Quilting and Quilt Art - is the technique of using two layers of fabric, usually with a
soft material placed in between the layers and then stitched together. Some quilts
are hung as art and some are used for more practical reasons like keeping warm.
● Lace - Making -is the art of creating lace, which is a dainty fabric that is usually
made up of thread and yarn. It is unknown as to the origins of lace making, but the
16th century was the start of an increase of the appeal of lace and thus production
grew.
Embroidery
Embroidery is the process of creating designs upon a material like woven fabric,
paper, leather and more by using a needle. This can be done by hand or by
machine. Sometimes other materials are combined like beads and sequins.
●Rope - Making - is the craft of combining many strands of a material to form one
stronger cord. The strands are combined by braiding and/or twisting the material
together. Ancient Egyptians are the oldest known civilization to use ropes.
Soul Dreams and Imagination

Soul Dreams
Humans use art to capture ideas about worlds outside our own. Art is often a vehicle
for myth, which use narrative to convey truths about human nature. Art also
expresses hard to articulate aspects of spirit worlds which are products of religious
practices.
Cultures use iconography to symbolize abstract ideas like dreams, love, power, and
emotion, and societies call on the artist to create them. Art also plays a significant
role in ritual and ceremony. In this unit, we will learn how human thought, belief, and
imagination are materialized through art.
In western culture, the dream's place in art is most associated with the Surrealist
movement in the early 20th century. But dream imagery was part of a larger frame of
reference in the Romantic period beginning in the late 18th century. This style is
characterized by its emphasis on emotion, dramatic composition and allegory
The Surrealist artists used dreams in a different context than the Romantics. Though
a few Surrealists did use dream images as subject matter, the real emphasis was on
automatism and the resulting image it helped create.
Imagination
It is a challenge to try to capture with painted brushstrokes, something that is moving
and changing all the time; the shifting clouds, reflections and colors; every second
the landscape is changing and made new by subtle transformations
As we live our lives open to the imagination our relationship with it strengthens. The
imagination creates a spacious narrative for our past and for the present. It is a place
where we can be absolutely free.
Valuing our creative imaginations is essential to our society. Artists offer Vision,
Invention, Imagination and Original thinking, all the aspects of human beings that
help us evolve.
The imagination is infinite. It is opened and closed by our levels of protective and
defensive layering. It is beside us, within us, outside of us, it is perception; it is
energetic meeting points between people. It is prophecy and timeless travel and
empathy and nothingness all at once.
Difference between dreams and imagination

“Dream” and “imagination” are often mistaken for one another simply because they
exist in the same context – the mental mind. They can influence each other in many
instances, and sometimes they can also be influenced by environmental factors with
the help of the five senses.
Imagination is a conscious effort that happens after being fed by a stimulus or
inspiration (whether internal or external). On the other hand, dreams can also be
influenced or inspired, but they are usually an unconscious event.
Imagination usually happens in a conscious state, while dreams occur in a state of
sleep.
Cross stitching
What is cross stitching?
Cross Stitching
Cross-stitch is a form of sewing and a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in
which X-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture. Most
cross-stitching is done using colored cotton floss on woven fabrics, which essentially
have built-in grid systems to guide each stitch
History
Cross-stitch is the oldest form of embroidery and can be found all over the world
since the middle ages. Many folk museums show examples of clothing decorated
with cross-stitch, especially from continental Europe and Asia.
Traditionally, cross-stitch was used to embellish items like household linens,

tablecloths, dishcloths, and doilies (only a small portion of which would actually be
embroidered, such as a border).
The cross-stitch can be executed partially such as in quarter-, half-, and three-
quarter-stitches. A single straight stitch, done in the form of back stitching, is often
used as an outline, to add detail or definition
"Types of Cross Stitch"

•Spaced Cross Stitch
This stitch has cross stitches spaced apart. You can make this the same way as you
make the cross stitch in rows – that is make the half cross stitch first, then come
back and fill it.
•Double Cross Stitch
A double cross stitch has two more legs added to the simple cross stitch, horizontally
and vertically.
•Double Sided Cross Stitch

This is a cross stitch made with one leg of the cross stitch having two parts to it.
VISUAL ELEMENTS TRADITIONAL MOTIFS AND CRAFTS

Traditional Motif
•A Motif is the most basic unit from which a design is formed. It is generally
developed from different combination of geometrical shapes. Motifs are repeated in
different ways to create a pattern whereas patterns are repeated to create designs.
Most of the traditional motifs are often inspired from nature.
Decorative designs in traditional Filipino handiworks which include woven fabrics,
potteries, wooden carvings, jewelleries, and metal crafts, feature visual elements
which may be analysed. These lines, colors, shapes, patterns, and symbolisms can
give us understanding about the meaning and purpose of such creations. We will
begin to deeply appreciate our identity when we have learned to decipher their
beliefs, values, and ways of living as we look at their works closely. Motif, an element
of an image, may be repeated in a pattern or design, or may occur once in work. In
this topic, we will examine various motifs present in traditional ethnic creations; a
brief review of the visual elements will function as a tool in effectively critiquing works
to be presented.
VISUAL ELEMENTS
LINE – the foundation of drawing; used to portray shape, pattern, form, structure,
growth, depth,distance, rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.
SHAPE – may be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, 2-dimensional or 3-
dimensional, representational or abstract, geometric or organic, transparent or
opaque, positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured.
TONE - the lightness or darkness of a color; used to create a contrast of light and
darkness or create a pattern within a composition
COLOR – has the strongest impact on our emotions; used to create mood in our
artwork.
PATTERN - made by repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to show a
sense of balance, harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement. Natural patterns are
observed from nature.
Philippines traditional artifacts and cultural crafts
(Traditional Loom Weaving) (T'nalak cloth comes from T'boli, Cotabato, Philippines)
INDIGENOUS ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

What is Indigenous Arts
●Indigenous Art is the artwork created by the Indigenous people. (the traditional
people)
●Indigenous Philippine art is art made by the indigenous peoples of the Philippines.
It includes works in raw materials such as extract from trees, fruits, and vegetables.
Some of the art treasure of the Philippines is found in rock in caves, trees and
woods.
Example of Indigenous Arts:

Cloth weaving
●One of the most precious living traditions that are still kept until today is weaving.
Originating in the pre-colonial times, the art of weaving of the Cordillera tribal groups
in the North is still existing despite the threat of the more practical mass production
of cloth. The natives use back strap loom to produce blankets and articles of
clothing.
BASKET WEAVING
Baskets are mainly used by the Cordilleras for their occupation. They use them as a
storage for their food when they need to go to mountain terraces to cultivate their
lands.
JEWELRY MAKING
●Since the 16th century, it is presumed that jewelry making in the country already
existed. It is known that the skills of the early Filipinos in creating jewelry are
parented from our Asian neighbors like the Chinese people
●Jewelry-making is a source of livelihood for the family and it is traditionally a home-
based industry. The government give their support and attention in this industry. By
this support, the country became the top producer of gold.

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GE 6

The Seven Da Vincian Principles 96

DEC 13-17 SUBMISSION OF CULMINATING OUTPUT

Also, Creativity is thinking outside of society's norm. It is being able to express

True expression of creativity will emerge as a musician to learns to adapt

Difference between Creative and Artistic:

It may be analyzed without reference to subject matter, symbolism or

⮚ The act of recognizing or understanding that something is valuable or important

✔ Art is not nature

✔ Art involves experience

B. Art as a Process or a Product of a Creative Skill

A. Art as a Universal Language

B. Art as a Representative of Reality

E. Art Reflects the Characteristics of a Period

The focus on the material world is shown in the ‘three-dimensional’ reality of

F. Art shows the Manner of Existence of the People of Long Ago

Dance, Literature, Applied Arts, Furniture, Theatre, Performing Arts, Architecture,

Performing Arts vs Performance Art:

Importance of Visual Art:

What are the functions of Art?

⮚ Physical Functions of Art

Personal Functions of Art

His painting, The Sick Child, shocked viewers

The work was meant to remind viewers of

Perhaps the artist wanted to tell them to

⮚ Social Functions of Art

Art performs a social function when;

Social functions of art

Artist may produce arts to

Philosophical Import of Art Integrity, Proportion, Consonance, Radiance, Clarity,

Philosophical Import of Art

What is artistic integrity:

Example of representational art:

History as Subject of Art

What is art history?

Why is art history important?

Questions Art Historians Ask

Kinds of Artistic Styles

3. What is its subject?

4. Who made it?

5. Who paid for it?

The Words Art Historians Use

Nature as a Subject of Art

This artwork was based on the

Fulgent life, is another example of nature in art.

- 2nd monotheist religion in history

How do these religions contribute to the ideas of Democracy?

- Tolerance for other religions

The Legacy of Monotheistic Religions

Judeo Christian Tradition

Examples of Christian Arts:

Greek Methodology as an Art

Why is Greek and Roman mythology important?

Greek Myths You Should Know to Understand Art History

Ovid’s Metamorphoses provide an alternate history of humanity, from the creation of the

Odilon Redon - French Painter

Perseus and Andromeda

Roman Methodology as an Art

The Commencement of Roman Methodology

Great Art Samples of Roman Methodology

Modello for the Fountain of the Moor, Gian Lorenzo Bernini,

The Modello for the fountain of Moor is a sculpture that was

Mars and Venus Surprised by the Gods, Joachim Anthonisz.