Marcosian Architecture
aimed to elevate the nation to the status of a
Marcos Regime – “Golden Age of Philippine
Architecture”. Extravagant building programs
were legitimized the search for national identity
and nation building, headed by Imelda Marcos.
Nayong Filipino –A miniature village simulating
the folk art and architecture drawn from
different regions; the first cultural park
established in Asia and the world.
CCP Complex (Cultural Center of the Philippines)
–Venue for folk festivals and spectacular state
rituals, such as:Kasaysayan ng Lahi; Miss
Universe, 1974; Manila International Film
Festival; enshrining of National Artists.
Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and
Services (BLISS) –melda’s idea of a model
community plan, a self-reliant and self-sufficient
settlement designed for 50-100 families in a
two-and-a-half hectare area.
“The passively cooled urban house” –a
prototype house designed by Geronimo
Manahan in collaboration with the Ministry of
Energy.
Jorge Ramos –Philippine Heart Center, Quezon
City.
UAP (United Architect of the Philippines) –
Merged Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA),
League of Philippine Architects (LPA), and the
Association of Philippine Government
Architects (APGA).
Contemporary Philippine Architecture
Pluralism –Characterized by an overt application
of historical references and blunt symbolism.
Skyscrapers –To break its vertical monotony,
the postmodern skyscraper adopted the
tripartite division of columnar architecture:
podium, shaft, and crown.
Philippines 2000 –An economic program which
“newly industrialized country”. Compelled the
production of “global architecture” in the Phil.
Michael Graves –World Trade Exchange,
Binondo, Manila.
I.M. Pei –Essensa Towers, Taguig, Metro Manila.
Arquitectonica (Pacific Plaza Tower, Taguig City)
–Westin Times Square Hotel in New York. SM
MOA, MOA Arena, SMX Convention Center,
Megamall (expansion), SM Aura Premier and
SM City North EDSA. Recio + Casas Architects,
AOR.
SOM (RCBC Plaza (Yuchengco Tower), Ayala
Avenue, Makati.) –W.V. Coscolluela &
Associates, AOR. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.
John Hancock Center and Burj Khalifa. GF &
Partners Architects, AOR.
PBCom Tower, Ayala Avenue, Makati City –
Tallest office building in the Philippines.
■ Postmodern skyscrapers adopted the
tripartite division of columnar architecture:
podium, shaft, and crown.
High-tech Architecture –New multinational
style. Fascination with cutting-edge technology
and sleek machine iconography, cybertopia
inspired. Often sleek, unadorned, industrial
facade.
Philip Recto –One San Miguel Building, Pasig
City.
KPF (GT International Tower, Makati City) –
Kohn, Pendersen, and Fox. GF & Partners
Architects, AOR.
Rogelio Villarosa (Tektite Tower, Ortigas) –Use
of mirror glass.
Deconstruction –Exaggerating contradictions in
geometric compositions. Quality of being
dismantled, with no visual logic, and
unharmonious composition of the facade.
Eduardo Calma –DLSU-CSB School of Fine Arts
and Design, Manila.
Micro-cities –Self-contained total environments,
Disney-fication. Typifies the character of the
capitalist space.
Retail Establishments –Megamalls have
become an urban fixture generating new urban
spatial experiences under a singular, enclosed
domain.
Antonio Sindiong (SM Megamall) –Largest mall
in Asia with its concept of a self-contained city,
1992.
American Colonial Architecture
Tropical Hybrid Design –Familiar local
architecture icons from Hispanized colonial
structures overlaid with a neoclassical massing.
Colonial Infrastructures –Buildings were built to
facilitate ventures in military control, public
health, education, and commerce.
Official Architectural Styles
▪ Colonial Revival Mission –Use of clay roof tiles,
adobe, concrete, stucco, gabled roof, round
arch entrances, arcades, corridors, and mirador
towers.
▪ Neoclassicism –Revival of using Greek and
Roman orders as decorative motifs.
(Bureau of Public Works) Consulting architects:
1. William Parsons
2. George Fenhagen
3. Ralph Harrington Doane
Camp John Hay (Baguio) –Protected Baguio and
the nearby gold mines and projected the
American military presence in northern Luzon.
Also served as a rest and recreation camp for
officers and men.
Fort William McKinley (Manila) –Home of the
Philippine Division. The main American ground
unit in the Philippines.
Cubeta –Also known as “pail system”. Way of
introducing the concept of toilet among the
dwellers of the bahay kubo.
▪ Public toilet sheds were also installed in
congested nipa districts.
▪ A latrine system was also developed for
remote areas.
The Sanitary Barrio –Neighborhood concept.
Nipa houses built on highly regulated blocks of
subdivided lots. Built-in system of surface
drainage, public latrines, public bath houses and
laundry, and public water hydrants, which are
free of charge.
Tsalet –“The healthy housing alternative.”
Tropical features of vernacular buildings
combined with hygienic structural principles
and modern materials that gave premium to
light, ventilation, and drainage.
Urban Planning –Proposed ideas of organized
comprehensive urban planning based on the
principles of the City Beautiful Movement.
Formulaic Elements –A civic core; Wide radial
avenues; Landscaped promenades; Visually
arresting panorama
Ferroconcrete –Reinforced concrete
Kahn Truss System –trussed bars were placed
within concrete moulds for floor slabs and
beams.
Gabaldon Schoolhouses –Set of mass-produced
model schoolhouses.
Pensionado Program –scholarship launched by
the government that allowed Filipino students
to pursue university education in the United
States.