NAME: MORDEN, BABYLYN L.

SUBJECT: ETHICS (GE 8) SECTION BJ

LESSON 1 – THE DEFINITION OF MORALITY

Activity 1
1. FALSE
2. ETHICS
3. MORAL AGENT
4. TRUE
5. REASON
Activity 2
Are there instances that Impartiality may in themselves be immoral or morally questionable?
Cite an example and discuss why.
It will become immoral or morally questionable if we consider the psychological factors
of a certain situation. For instance, a friend of yours is asking a favor to help him with the
complaint that he made to your agency. The thought that you are helping him is consider as
morally good and you will help him in an equal and good way. However, if you are using the
access you have to obtain special treatment from your co-worker for your friend, then your
action would become morally questionable because you cannot use your position with the
government for your own personal gain or for the benefit of others.
LEARNING ASSESSMENT:
1. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that deals with the rightness or
wrongness of action, the virtue or vice of character, and general matters of good and evil
and how we might respond to good and evil. One reason to study ethics is that ethics is
inescapable. It is difficult to imagine a society in which there are no codes of conduct,
ways of assessing what is desirable or healthy and undesirable or unhealthy.

2. There is a need to have a minimum conception of ethics as a starting point because moral
is served as a foundation to build on and we all know that in everything we do, we need a
foundation to support us in all other ways. The foundation we build first will bring us to
what we ought to have in our finish point considering all the circumstances.

3. Reason is necessary in making a moral judgement because reasons play an important role
in guiding moral decisions. Reasoning applies critical analysis of a specific events to
determine what is right or wrong. At some point, a moral action becomes reasonable
when it goes beyond what duty requires. For instance, we believed that killing people is
wrong. However, if there is an attacker and you are a policeman present in the same area,
you have no choice of disarming him but to shoot him. Your action becomes reasonable
because you did it only with an intention to save many people especially those who are
also present in the area.
NAME: MORDEN, BABYLYN L.
SUBJECT: ETHICS (GE 8) SECTION BJ

LESSON 2: THE CHALLENGE OF CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Activity 1
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

Activity 2
Is there a need for universal standard of morality when we look at cultural practices? Why?
Different societies have different moral beliefs and those own beliefs are strongly
influenced by our own culture and context. For instance, for some Muslims, showing parts of the
woman’s body is despicable. However, most people in many parts of the world don’t mind of
women barely cover their bodies. Many people may have pitied the Muslim women who dress
up almost naked, while some Muslims also may find women who dress up almost naked
despicable. Therefore, there is no need for universal standard of morality when we look at our
cultural practices because what we may think is good, may not be good for others and vice versa,
depending to what culture or group we belong.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT:
1. Cultural relativity refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or
wrong. Cultural relativity reflects the moral beliefs and standards that shows how people
should behave and communicate with others.

2. Cultural relativism challenges our ordinary belief in the objectivity and universality of
moral truth. Meaning, what we may perceived is right, may be wrong for others and that
is due to our differences in culture.

3. From the concept of cultural relativism, we can say that we have differences in terms of
cultures and beliefs. We cannot judge other cultures based on what culture we have. We
are surrounded by different cultures and races, we should know how to understand
cultural difference, we should embrace cultural differences and know the concept of
cultural awareness and sensitivity which means being aware that cultural differences and
similarities exist.