P R E - S PA N I S H

C O LO N I A L I Z AT I O N
P R E PA R E D B Y :
R AY M A R L U K E M . M O N T E R O S , R P M
A N TO N I O P I G A F E T TA
M AG E L L A N ’ S C H RO N I C L E R
ANTONIO PIGAFFETA
• He wrote the first and undoubtedly the best account of
the Philippines who accompanied Magellan aboard the
flagship Trinidad in 1519 – 1522.
• The description he made of their manners, beliefs and
customs is the most authentic account we have of the
Filipinos of the early 16th century.
ANTONIO PIGAFFETA
• The Pigafettas were an ancient and noble Tuscan family that had
settled in Vicenza, a town some 100 kilometers west of Venice.
• He probably studied under local teachers. Then enrolled at
some Italian university, where he learned to write well.
• He could be described as well-educated young man of his time,
gentle, possessed of an avid curiosity for the world about him.
ANTONIO PIGAFFETA
• He could be described as • Religious but not bigoted
well-educated young man of • Loyal friend
his time,
• Tolerant critic
• gentle,
• He had an eye for strange
• possessed of an avid
customs and pretty women
curiosity for the world
about him of faraway lands and places.
FERDIN AN D MAGELLAN
O N E O F T H E W O R L D ’ S G R E AT E S T N AV I G AT O R S
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
• He was born in 1480 at Sabrosa, near Oporto, Portugal.
• He belonged to the minor Portuguese nobility.
• He went to Lisbon to serve as a page to Queen Eleanor, at the
same time studying military science and navigation.
• He became absorbed in the naval exploits of great discoverers
like Bartolomeu Diaz, Christopher Columbus, and Vasco de
Gama
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
• He renounced his Portuguese citizenship and
become a naturalized Spaniard.
• In Seville, he befriended Ruy Faleiro, a
Portuguese astronomer, who helped him
negotiate with Charles V.
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
•On March 22, 1518, a contract was signed
by the Emperor Charles V of the Holy
Roman Empire with Magellan and Faleiro.
MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE
•There were 265 men of different European
nationalities in the expedition, with the
Spaniards constituting the greatest number.
MAGELLAN’S SHIPS
•Trinidad – captained by Magellan
•San Antonio – Juan Cartagena
•Concepcion – Gaspar Quesada
•Victoria – Luis de Mendoza
•Santiago – Juan Serrano
PIGAFETTA’S
ACCOUNT OF
THE VOYAGE
THE FIRST GLIMPSE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
MARCH 16, 1521
• They have reached the isle of Zamal.
• The next day, Magellan decided to land in
another uninhabited island for greater
security and where they can rest for a
few days.
Q1
After two days,
A F T E R T WO D AY S ,
NINE MEN CAME
TO T H E M A N D
S H OW E D J OY A N D
what was the E AG E R N E S S TO S E E
THEM.

next event that Magellan realized the

men were reasonable
and welcome them with

happened? food, drinks, and gifts.

After two days,
A F T E R T WO D AY S ,
NINE MEN CAME
TO T H E M A N D
S H OW E D J OY A N D
what was the E AG E R N E S S TO S E E
THEM.

next event that Magellan realized the

men were reasonable

happened?
and welcome them with
food, drinks, and gifts.
Q2
What were RED CAPES
LOOKING GLASS
COMBS

the gifts that BELLS

I VO RY.

Magellan gave In return the natives

also gave them some
fish, and vessel of palm

to the natives? wine – Uraca, figs, and

cochos.
THE FIRST GLIMPSE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
COCHOS
• Pigafetta detailed in amazement and fascination the palm tree which bore fruit called
cochos, and wine.

• “This palm produces fruit named cocho, which is as large as the head, or thereabouts:
its first husk is green and two finger in thickness, in it they find certain threads, with
which they make the cords for fastening their boats. Under this husk, there is another
very hard and thicker than that of a walnut. They burn this second rind, and make with
it a powder which is useful to them. Under this rind there is a white marrow of a
finger’s thickness, which they eat fresh with meat and fish, as we do bread, and it has
the taste of an almond, if anyone dried it he might make bread of it”
THE FIRST GLIMPSE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Pigafetta characterized the people as “very familiar and friendly”
and willingly showed them different islands and the names of the
islands.
• The captain seeing them all his goods: cloves, cinnamon, pepper,
ginger, nutmeg, mace, gold and all that was in the ship.
Q3
What did
Pigafetta WAT E R I N G P L AC E
OF GOOD SIGNS

named Pigafetta found the first

signs of gold in the
Philippines!

Humunu? Why?
THE FIRST GLIMPSE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
HUMUNU ISLAND
• The fleet went to Homonhon and there they found what Pigafetta
referred to as the “Watering Place of Good Signs.” It is in this
place where Pigaffeta wrote that they found the first signs of gold in
the island.
• They named the island with the nearby islands as the archipelago of
St. Lazarus.
THE FIRST GLIMPSE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
MARCH 22, 1521
• Schione – the lord of the natives who was old, and had his face
painted, had gold rings suspended to his ears.
• The natives went back to the ship with cochi, sweet oranges, a
vessel of palm wine and a cock.
Q4
What happened
to Pigafetta on P I G A F E T TA F A L L S
OV E R B OA R D.
March 25, 1521? This day is also the feast of our
Lady.
The time the took course
between west and southwest
and passed amidst four
islands.
VISIT OF THE KING IN THE SHIP
MARCH 28
• Pigafetta recounted that they saw two small boat, called Boloto,
with eight men inside which approached the captain general.
• After two hours, two long boats, Ballanghai, went to towards the
ship full of men, The leader, the king of balanghai, sent men to the
ship of Magellan and the Europeans entertained them and gave
them gifts.
• When the king of Ballanghai offered to give Magellan a gold bar and
chest of ginger, Magellan declined.
VISIT OF THE KING IN THE SHIP
MARCH 29 (the next day…)
• Magellan sent his interpreter to express to the king than
he came into the islands as a friend and not as an enemy.
• The King responded by giving Magellan the needed
provisions of food in chinaware and Magellan exchange gifts
of robes in Turkish fashion, red cap, and gave people knives
and daggers.
VISIT OF THE KING IN THE SHIP
MARCH 29 (the next day…)
• “after that the captain had one of his soldiers armed with white
armour, and placed him in the midst of three comrades, who struck
him with swords and daggers. The king thought this very strange,
and the captain told him, through the interpreter, that a man thus in
white armour was worth a hundred of his men ; he answered that
it was true ; he was further informed that there were in each ship
two hundred like that man. ‘
• The king was fascinated. Magellan also showed with the King his
weapons, helmets and artilleries. Even his charts and maps.
TO VISIT THE KING
Pigafetta went to the shore.
• He also saw mines of gold in the island, which
islanders find in pieces as big as a walnut or an
egg, by seeking in the ground.
• The gold was abundant that parts of the ship
and of the house were made of gold.
TO VISIT THE KING
Pigafetta went to the shore.
•He also met the king in the island.
•The king was named Raia Calambu and the
first king was Raia Siani.
Q5
How did
HE DESCRIBED THE
KING AS “THE
HANDSOMEST

Pigafetta
M A N T H AT W E
S AW A M O N G
T H E S E N AT I O N S ”

describe the
Kings?
TO VISIT THE KING
Pigafetta went to the shore.
• He described the king as “the handsomest man that we saw among these
nations”
– Very black hair coming down to his shoulders
– A silk cloth on his head
– Two large gold rings hanging from his ears
– Cloth of cotton worked with silk, which covered him from the waist to the knees
– His side wore a dagger with a long handle which was all gold and sheath was
carved wood
– He was tawny and painted all over
Q6
 M AG E L L A N

What ORDERED THE

C H A P L A I N TO
PRESIDE A

happened on MASS BY THE

SHORE.

March 31, It was Easter Sunday.

1521?
THE FIRST MASS ON SHORE
MARCH 31
• The king heard of this plan and sent two dead pigs and
attended the mass with the other king.
• Pigafetta reported that both kings participated in the mass
– “..when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings, went to
kiss the cross like us, but they offered nothing, and at the
elevation of the body of our Lord they were kneeling like us, and
adored our Lord with joined hands.”
MAGELLAN PLANTS A CROSS
MARCH 31
• After the mass, Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with nails
and crown in place. He explained that the cross, the nail, and the crown
were the signs of his emperor and that he was ordered to plant it in the
places that he would reach.
• He further explained that the cross would be beneficial for their people
because once other Spaniards saw this cross, then they will know that
they had been in this land and would not cause them troubles.
• The king concurred and allowed for the cross to be planted.
MAGELLAN PLANTS A CROSS
MARCH 31
• Dinner at that day, the king and Magellan converses
as where was the best port for obtaining victuals.
• They replied of the islands of Ceylon, Bohol and
Zzubu.
Q7
 ZZUBU (CEBU)
RAIA CALAMBU

Where did they O F F E R E D TO P I L OT

T H E M I N G O I N G TO
Z Z U B U, T H E

go next? When LARGEST AND THE

RICHES OF THE
ISLANDS.
did they arrived They arrived at Zzubu

at that place?
on Sunday, April 7, 1521.
Q8
What did Magellan do M AG E L L A N
that made the islander ORDERED THE
FIRING OF THE
of Zzubu fled in all SHIPS’
directions? A RT I L L E RY.
The interpreter inform the
How did he made the King of Zzubu that the

people calm down? thunder and lightning from

the squadron symbolized a
salute.
ARRIVAL AT ZZUBU
APRIL 7
• After passing five isles, they have reached the port of Cebu.
• The king of Zzubu, demanded that they pay tribute as it was
customary, but Magellan refused.
• With the help of interpreter, he explained that it would be better
to make friends with them than to forge enmity.
• The king consulted his council. There, the king offered bit of his
blood and demanded that Magellan do the same.
TRADING IN ZZUBU
THE FOLLOWING FRIDAY…
•Days after arrival, a trading center at the
market place was installed. The visitors
displayed a great quantity of European
merchandise and bartering began.
TRADING IN ZZUBU
THE FOLLOWING FRIDAY…
• “we showed them a shop full of our merchandise, which was of
various strange sorts, at which they were surprised. For metal,
iron, and other big goods they gave us gold, and for the other
small and sundry goods they gave us rice, pigs, goats, and other
provisions. They gave us ten weights of gold for fourteen
pounds of iron: each weight is a ducat and a half. “
IN ZZUBU
THE FOLLOWING DAYS…
• Magellan preaches about God and his religion to the people.
• Pigafetta reported that the people took pleasure in Magellan’s
speech.
• Magellan preached further about their faith and people were
reportedly convinced.
• Even Pigafetta wrote that the men were overjoyed that the people
wished to become Christians through free will and not because
they forced or intimidated.
Q9
When did the baptism
in Zzubu happened? THE B APTISM IN
ZZUBU
What were the HAPPENED ON
APRIL 14, 1521.
Christian names of the The king of Zzubu, Rajah
rajah who were Humabon, was baptized as a
Christian and would be named as
baptized on that day? Don Charles. The emperor, the
prince as Don Fernand, and the
brother and King of Mazzava as
Jehan.
BAPTISM OF KING OF ZZUBU
APRIL 14
• The people gathered with the King and other
principal men of the islands.
• Magellan talked to the king and encourage him to be
a good Christian by burning all of the idols and
worship the cross instead.
Q10
How about the
Queen of Zzubu?
Was she baptized? Y E S , T H E QU E E N
WA S B A P T I Z E D.
Why did the Queen She had a greater desire to
become a Christian when she saw
of Zzubu agree to the image of our Lady holding her
little child.

be baptized? She even begged to have the little

wooden boy to replace his idols.
BAPTISM OF KING OF ZZUBU
APRIL 14
• There were 800 men baptized in that day.
• And in just eight days, all the inhabitants of the island
were baptized and some belonging to the
neighboring islands.
• And among others were given a fancy name.
Q11
 ZULA, A
Who went at P R I N C I PA L M E N
I N M ATA N , W E N T
Zzubu on April I N Z Z U B U TO
S E N D A M E S S AG E
26, 1521? TO M AG E L L A N .

He asked Magellan for a

Why did he go boat full of men so that he
would be able to fight the
to Zzubu? chief named Silapulapu
EXPEDITION IN MATAN
APRIL 26
• Zula, a principal man from the island of Matan went to see Magellan
and asked him for a boat full of men so that he would be able to
fight the chief named Silapulapu.
• Such chief, according to Zula, refused to obey the king and was also
preventing him from doing so.
• Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his desire to go
to Matan himself to fight the said chief.
EXPEDITION IN MATAN

•Unfortunately, Magellan got involved

himself in a local war. He decided to
punish the recalcitrant Mactan chieftan,
Silapulapu, which had the temerity to
defy Spanish Authority.
Q12
Did the King of M AG E L L A N
Zzubu offered to REFUSED THE
HELP OF THE
help Magellan? KING OF ZZUBU
He did not allow Rajah
What did Magellan Humabon to join the fight
because Magellan wants to

respond? see him how they fight.

BATTLE IN MATAN
• They went to the Matan and arrived in daylight. They numbered 49 in total and the
islanders of Matan were estimated to number 1,500. Thus the battle began:
– “When we reached land were found the islanders fifteen hundred in number, drawn up in the
three squadrons; they came down upon us with terrible shouts, two squadrons attacking us on
the flanks, and the third in front. The captain then divided his men in two bands. Our
musketeers and crossbow-men fired for half an hour from a distance, but did nothing, since the
bullets and arrows, though they passed through the shields made of thin wood, and perhaps
wounded their arms, yet did not stop them. The captain shouted not to fire, but he was not
listened to, The islanders seeing that the shots of our guns did them little or no harm would
not retire, but shouted more loudly, and springing from one side to the other to avoid our
shots, they at the same time drew nearer to us, throwing arrows, javelins, spears hardened in
fire, stones, and even mud, so that we could hardly defend ourselves. Some of them cast lances
pointed with iron at the captain-general”
DEATH OF MAGELLAN
• Magellan died in that battle.
• The natives, perceiving that the bodies of the enemies were
protected with armors, aimed for their legs instead. Magellan
was pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right leg.
• Magellan was specifically targeted because the natives know
that he was the captain general. He was hit with a lance in his
face.
• When they saw that Magellan has already deteriorated, more
natives came to attack him.
Q13
What sword did
the native used KAMPILAN

that wounded
One native with a great
sword delivered a blow in

Magellan’s left
Magellan’s left leg, brought
him face down and the
natives carelessly attacked
leg? Magellan with their weapons
using their bare hands.
DEATH OF MAGELLAN

• After the battle, the king offered the people of Matan gifts
of any value and amount in exchange of Magellan’s body
but the chief refused.
• They wanted to keep Magellan’s body as a memento of
their victory.
Q14
 M AG E L L A N ’ S
After Magellan’s MEN ELECTED
D UA RT E
death, they were BARBOSA AND
J UA N S E R R A N O
elected as the new AS THE NEW
C A P TA I N O F
captain of their T H E I R VOYAG E .

voyage. Who are But, before they left Zzubu,

their interpreter betrayed
they? them.
THE BETRAYAL OF ZZUBU
• Pigafetta also mentioned how Magellan’s slave
and interpreter named Henry betrayed them
and told the king of Zzubu that they intended
to leave as quickly as possible.
• The two conspired and betrayed what was left
of Magellan’s men.
THE BETRAYAL OF ZZUBU
• 24 men were slain except the interpreter and Juan
Serrano who was already wounded.
• The men shouted asking for ransom so Serrano will
be spared.
• However, they refused and would not allow anyone
to go the shore. They departed and abandoned
Serrano. They continued their voyage.
THE END.