• My predecessor set aside democracy to save it from a communist

insurgency that numbered less than 500. Unhampered by respect for

CHAPTER 2
human rights he went at it hammer and tongs.
• When i met with President Reagan yesterday, We began an important
CONTENT AND
dialogue about cooperation and the strengthening of the friendship
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF
between our two countries. That meeting was both a confirmation
and the new beginning and should lead to positive results in all areas
SELECTED PRIMARY
of common concern.
SOURCES
• Three years ago, I said thank you, America, for the haven from
oppression, and the home gave Ninoy, myself and our children, and
for the three happiest of our lives together.
 FIRST VOYAGE
AROUND THE WORLD

Readings in Philippine History

 • Born in Italy on 1491

• A chronicler, and navigator

FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

SPAIN
SPAIN
PORTUGAL

2 NATIONS KNOWN FOR EXPEDITIONS AND

EXPLORATIONS DURING THE 15TH CENTURY –

THE PERIOD OF DISCOVERY AND EXPANSIONISM

FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

 SPAIN PORTUGAL
• They have the WILLPOWER to undertake journey across oceans
• They were engaged in discovering and taking possessions of
foreign lands
• In competition for control over of the most important commodity
– SPICES (THE SPICE ISLANDS)

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
• Their attraction to the EAST were WEALTH and SPICES
• In the 15th century, spices were at the epicenter of the
world economy, much like oil is today.
• Since spices could not be cultivated in cold and arid
Europe, no effort was spared to discover the quickest sea
route to the Spice Islands.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
Clove was the most valuable spice in Europe during
Magellan's day. It was used to flavor food, but
Europeans also believed that its essence could
improve vision, its powder could relieve fevers, and
mixed with milk it could enhance intercourse.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
 • FERDINAND MAGELLAN

• Born in Portugal
• Engaged in map-making and navigation in his young age, and
sailing large fleets in his 20’s
• Commissioned by King Charles V of Spain to lead the
exploration to the EAST – to look for the SPICE ISLANDS,
though, a Portuguese navigator
• He gained the trust, confidence , and support from the
monarchy of Spain

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
 • FERDINAND MAGELLAN

Why come to Spain?

• Most expeditions of European countries for the SPICE ISLANDS

were using the East route
• Magellan wanted to use another route but the King of Portugal,
King Manuel, did not grant his request
• Out of frustrations, he denounced being a Portuguese, and fled to
Spain.
• At Spain, when King Charles V knew about this, he then granted
Magellan’s request

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
• ARMADA DE MOLUCCAS – the name of the fleet
• He took the lead ship, TRINIDAD, together with the
other 4 ships: SAN ANTONIO, CONCEPTION, VICTORIA,
and SANTIAGO

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
 THE EXPLORATION DETAILS (1519-1522)
ACCORDING TO THE CHRONICLES OF ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
(as translated by Lord Stanley of Alderly)

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Introduction of the Chronicle

Descriptions of the commencement of the voyage:

• Being thankful to Mons. Francis Cheregato, Pope Leo n X,
Emperor Charles V – for letting him go with the voyage
• The presence of armade, and 5 ships, with the Capt. General
Ferdinand Magellan
• The obedience of the Spaniard armade, even if the Capt. was a
Portuguese
• The making of ordinances for the voyage

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Tuesday – September 20, 1519

The First Voyage
• Set sailing from St. Lucar,
making the south-west
course named Labeiche
• Arrived at an island of Great
Canaria, named Teneriphe,
on the 26th.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Saturday – March 16, 1521

• The day they saw the

mountains of Zamal
island
• The day after, they
built 2 tents on the
shore.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Monday – March 18, 1519

• A boat came to them with 9 men

on it
• Magellan offered food and drink
• In return, Magellan was offered
with fish, palm wine (Uraca),
figs, savour, and 2 cochos, umai
(rice), cocos.
• More and more offerings were
given to Magellan and his men

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Monday – March 18, 1519

• The people became very
familiar and friendly
• They explained things
through the native language
• Magellan and his men felt
welcomed and accepted

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Friday – March 22, 1519

• The people went back at the
shore where Magellan stayed,
this time with 2 boats.
• They were offered some fruits
(sweet oranges, cochi), palm
wine, and cocks
• The lord of the people was
described as old, face-painted,
with gold rings suspended to his
ears.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Monday – March 25, 1519

Monday of the Passion Week

• Magellan and his men were
ready to depart the place
• The passed by 4 small
islands – they named the
islands, Cenalo (Sigalo),
Huinanghar (Huinanghar ),
Ibusson (Hibusson), and
Abarien (Cabalian)

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Thursday – March 28, 1519

• 2 small boats approached
the ship of Magellan
• Another 2 long boats Boloto
Boloto – small boat
approached Magellan’s
vessels, full of men, and
with their king.
• The king ordered some of
his men to come inside the Balangghai – long boat
ship of Magellan.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES
Friday – March 29, 1519
• Magellan showed some
areas of the ship – artillery
(swords, cuirasses, helmets,
sea chart, and compass,
• Magellan requested to go to
the king’s place, and the
king agreed to it.
F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
• The native king and his men were
thankful for allowing them to be on
the ship.
• The people offered 3 China dishes
covered with flowers, with 2
dorades (large fish)
• Magellan gave the king a robe of
yellow and red cloth
• Magellan told the king, CASSI –
that means “brother”
THE CHRONICLES

Friday – March 29, 1519

• 2 of Magellan’s men went with
the king, to go to his place.
• The people were described as:
gentle, go naked, and painted.
• The people wore a piece of cloth
made from a tree
• The said island was named
Mazzava

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Friday – March 29, 1519

• The said island was named
Mazzava
• Magellan’s men remained there
for 7 days, before taking the
tack of Maestral – passing
through the isles: Ceylon,
Bohol, Canighan, Baibai, and
Satighan.
• They went to Zzubu – the
fifteen leagues, off from
Satighan.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Sunday – April 7, 1519

• They arrived at the port of
Zzubu
• They saw most of the
houses were built on trees.
• Magellan ordered to hang
out their flags
• The people were frightened
of the fired artillery – it was
explained thru an
interpreter that it was the
Spanish way of welcome

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Tuesday – April 9, 1519

• The King of Zzubu made new revisions
• A dinner was offered by the King to Magellan and his
men
• A moorish merchant saw the artillery, but re-assured
that they could be soft to friends, and rough to
enemies.
• They passed the islands of Cagayan, and the port of
Cipit, to look for

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Tuesday – April 9, 1519

• The West two islands, Zolo and Taghima, near

which islands pearl are found.
• The King of Burne married the daughter of the
King of Zolo. The King of Burne wanted the
pearls so much that he really had them by all
means possible.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

• The search for the

Spice Island continued,
they were able to pass
by: Cavit, Subanin,
Monoripa,
Maingdanao, Butuan,
and Calagan. Until they
reached Cebu.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Magellan’s fleet then sailed

on to the Philippine
archipelago landing on the
island of Cebu, where
Magellan befriended the
locals and, struck with a
sudden religious zeal, he
sought to convert them to
Christianity.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Magellan was now closer than

ever to reaching the Spice Islands,
but when the Cebu asked for his
help in fighting their neighbors on
the island of Mactan, Magellan
agreed. He assumed he would
command a swift victory with his
superior European weapons, and
against the advice of his men,
Magellan himself led the attack.
The Mactanese , Lapu-lapu, fought
fiercely, and Magellan fell when he
was shot with a poison arrow. He
died on April 27, 1521.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Magellan would never make it to

the Spice Islands, but after the
loss of yet another of his fleet’s
vessels, the two remaining ships
finally reached the Moluccas on
November 5, 1521. In the end,
only the Victoria completed the
voyage around the world and
arrived back in Seville, Spain, in
September 1522 with a heavy
cargo of spices but with only 18
men from the original crew.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Sunday, October 26, 1522

• They encountered a great storm.

• Three saints appeared on them
• St. Elmo stood there for almost 2
hours, St Nicholas, at the head of
the foremast, and St. Clara on the
Mizenmast.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Sunday, September 6, 1522

• The returned…

• They entered the

Bay of Lucar
• From 60 men down
to 18 men (some are
sick, some died in
hunger)

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

The Route of Magellan’s Voyage

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

Monday, September 8, 1522

• Cast an anchor near the mole of Seville
• Discharge also all the artillery.
• The following day, they went in shirts
and barefoot, and visited St. Maria of
Victory, and St. Maria de Antigua

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

• Leaving Seville, Antonio went to

Valladolid, and presented his chronicle
works.
• He then went to Portugal and related to
King John about everything that
happened.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
THE CHRONICLES

• Though Magellan is often credited with the first

circumnavigation on the globe, he did so on a
technicality: He first made a trip from Europe to
the Spice Islands, eastward via the Indian
Ocean, and then later made his famous
westward voyage that brought him to the
Philippines. So he did cover the entire terrain,
but it was not a strict point A to point A, round-
the-world trip, and it was made in two different
directions.

F I R S T V O YA G E A R O U N D T H E W O R L D
 ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
• The Chevalier

FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

CUSTOM
OF THE
TAGALOG
BY:
JUAN DE
PLASENCIA
• This document was written as an answer
to the request of the monarchy in he
Spain which was to provide pieces of
information about government,
administration of justice, inheritances,
slaves , dowries, worship, burials, and
superstition of the “INDIANS” in the
colony.
Plasencia wrote:

• “this people always had chiefs, called by

them datos, who governed them and
were captains in their wars, and whom
they obeyed and reverenced. The subject
who committed any offense against
them, or spoke but a word to their wives
and children, was severely punished”.
DATU
BARANGAY
Government

• The unit of the government is

called “BARANGAY” ruled by
chieftain and consist of 30 to 100
families together with their
relatives and slaves.
 Administration of justice

The chieftain’s executive function includes

implementing laws, ensuring order and giving
protection to his subject.

Disputes between individuals were settled by a

court made up of the chieftain and council
elders.
• The debtor is condemned to a
life of toil; and thud the
borrowers become saves, ad
after the death of the father the
children pay the debt.
Dowries

• If the wife, at the time of her marriage, has

neither father, mother, nor grandparents, she
enjoy her dowry– which, in such a case
belongs to no other relative or child. It
should be noticed that unmarried woman can
own no property in land or dowry, for the
result of all their labors accrues to their
parents.
Inheritance

• The first son of the barangay

chieftain inherits his father position;
if the first son dies, the second son
succeeds their father; in the absence
of male heirs , it is the eldest
daughter that becomes the chieftain.
 Slaves

A person becomes slave by: captivity in war,

reason of debt, inheritance, purchase and
committing crime.

Slaves can be emancipated through:

forgiveness, paying debt, condonation, bravery
(where slave can possibly become a datu) or by
marriage.
Simbahan
• Which means a temple or place of
adoration; but this is because,
formerly, when they wished to
celebrate a festival, which they
called pandot, or “worship”.
Sibi
• A temporary shed on each side of the
house, with a roof , to protect people
from the wet when it rained.
Sorihile
• Set of small lamps.
Nagaanitos

• The feast lasted, which was

usually four days, during that time
the whole barangay or family
united and joined in the worship.
Religious Belief

Bathala- “all powerful” or “maker of all things”

They worship in many gods and goddess
Also believe in sacred animals and plants.
Believe in Aswang, Dwende, Kapre, Tikbalang,
Tiyanak.
They also believe in magical power of amulet and
charms such as anting-anting, kulam, and gayuma
or love potion.
Catolonan

• Their manner of offering sacrifice was

to proclaim a feast, and offer to the
devil what they had eat.
• This was done n front of the idol, which
they anoint with fragrant perfumes,
such as musk and civet, or gum of the
storax-tree and other odoriferous
woods, and praise it in poetic songs
Their manner of burying the dead was as follows:

• The deceased was buried beside his

house; and if he were a chief, he was
placed beneath the little house or porch
which they constructed for this purpose.
Before interring him, they mourned him
for four days; and afterward laid him on
the boat which served as a coffin or bier,
placing him beneath the porch, where
guard was kept over him by a slave.
 Maca

• These infidels said that they knew that there

was another life of rest. What we called
“paradise” or in other words “village of rest”
• They say that those who go to that place are
the just, and the valiant and these who lived
without doing harm, or who possessed other
moral virtues.
Casanaan

• They said also that in the other life

and mortality, there was a place of
punishment, grief, and affliction,
which was “a place of anguish”
Sitan

• There were also other pagans

who confessed more clearly to a
hell, they said that all the
wicked went to that place and
dwelt the demons.
Vibit- also called as ghost
Tigbalaang- also called phantoms
Patianac- they had another
deception---namely, hat if any woman
died in childbirth, she and the child
suffered punishment; and that at night,
she could be heard lamenting.
• Historical paintings
• The students will be exposed to determining and seeing the
balance between history and imagination.
• Juan luna and fernando amorsolo's paintings are presented in
this lesson as subject for analysis and discussion .
• Juan Luna [1857-1899] is best known for
impressive rendition of classical subjects in his
academic works.
• In this lesson the “SPOLIARIUM” and “THE
PARISAN LIFE” are luna's paintings presented for
the analysis of the students .
• Fernando Amorsolo [1892-1972] delights people of his
impressionistic technique depecting idyllic country
scenes,beautiful maidens,and colorfully dressed peasants
planting or harvesting rice.
• In this lesson ,the “ANTIPOLO FIESTA “ and “PALAY MAIDEN”
paintings are presented for analysis.
CARICATURE 1: A
NEW WRINKLE IN THE
ART OF THIEVING
CARICATURE 2 :
MEMORIES OF THE VISIT
CARICATURE 3:
MANILA:THE
CORRUPTION OF THE CITY
CARICATURE 4 :
CONVENIENT
BLINDNESS
LESSON:5
THE SPEECH OF
CORAZON C. AQUINO
• Delivered by The Late Corzon Aquino in the US
Congress Washington DC, Sept. 18, 1986, ( 6 months
after her assumption into office of the President )
• “Three years ago, I left america in grief to bury my
husband, Ninoy Aquino. I thought i had left it also to lay to
rest his restless dream of Philippine freedom. Today, i have
return as the president of a free people.”
• The distinguished Co-Chairman of the United States
observer team in his report to your president describe that
victory “I was witness to an extraordinary manifestation of
democracy on the part of the filipino people. The ultimate
result of Mrs. Corazon C. Aquino as president and Mr.
Salvador Laurel as Vice-President of the Philippines.
• As i came to power peacefully, social i
keep it. That is my contract with my
people and my commitment to God. He
had willed that the blood drawn with the
lash shall not, in my country, be paid by
blood drawn by the sword but by the
tearful joy of reconcilation.