Module 3

Lesson 1: Cultural, Social, and Political Institutions: Kinship,

Marriage and Household
Lesson 2: Political and Leadership Structures
 Kinship
Kinship is a social institution that refers to relations formed
between members of the society. It explains the nature
and reason for the formation of the different types of
bonds that exists within society.
 3 Types of Kinship

Consanguineal Affinal Kinship by Ritual

Kinship Kinship

This refers to the Compadrazgo, literally

The relationship is means “godparenthood”, is
type of relations
achieved by birth or a ritualized form of forging
developed when a
blood affinity. co-parenthood or family.
marriage occurs.
Important concepts in studying consanguineal kinship…

Descent
Refers to a biological
relationship.
It also often refers to an
individual’s child or offspring or
his or her parents and ancestry.
Lineage
It refers to the line where one’s
descent is traced. An
individual’s descent can be
traced by studying either the
person’s paternal or maternal
line or both the father’s and the
mother’s line.
 Principles of Descent

Unilineal Descent
Descent is usually traced by most
societies through a single line of
ancestors from either the male or
female line.

Unilineal descent has two basic forms:

Matrilineal focuses tracing descent
through female lines of the family and
Patrilineal traces descent from
the male lines of the family.
 Bilateral Descent
Tracing ancestry or descent using both parent's
ancestors. (male and female line)
 Affinal
Kinship

This refers to the type

of relations developed
when a marriage
occurs.
 Types of Marriage

Polygamy
-It refers to the practice of having more
than one partner
Monogamy
-It refers to the marriage where
an individual has only one
partner (one male or female
partner)
 Post-Marital Residency Rules

- specify where a person resides after

marriage and, accordingly, influence
social organization of human
societies.
 Types of Post-Marital Residency Rules

1. Patrilocal rule of residence occurs when married couples stay in the

house of the husband’s relatives or near the husband’s kin.
2. Matrilocal rule of residence happens when the couples live with the
wife’s relatives or near the wife’s kin.
3. Bilocal residence happens when the newlywed couple stay with the
husband’s relatives and the wife’s kin alternately.
4. Neolocal residence happens when the couple lives in a new place far
from both of their kin
5. Natolocal residence happens when a bride and groom remain in their
own separate family's households or compounds after their marriage
rather than occupy a residence together.
 Kinship by Ritual

Compadrazgo, literally means

“godparenthood”, is a
ritualized form of forging co-
parenthood or family.
 Family

The family is considered the basic unit of social

organization. It is made up of a group of individuals who are
linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.
 Types of Family

1. Nuclear Family
2. Extended Family
3. Blended Family
 Lesson 2
Political and Leadership
Structures
What is Politics?
is the set of activities that are associated with
the
governance of a country, state or area. It
involves
making decisions that apply to groups of
members and achieving and exercising positions
of governance—organized control over a human
community.
 Political Organizations

Band Tribes Chiefdoms

More complex and It is more defined than bands and

A band is formed by
several families living populous than a band. tribes. Formal leadership exists in
together based on Tribes are organized chiefdoms, and authority rests
marriage ties, common through the presence of solely on the members of a select
descendants, friendship "pantribal associations" or family. Power is inherited in
affiliations, and "sodalities" which come in chiefdoms.
members usually have
the form of councils or Types of Chiefdom
common interests or
enemy. tribal elders and headed by 1. SIMPLE CHIEFDOMS
a Village Headman. 2. COMPLEX CHIEFDOM
 Nations and State
NATION is a large body of people united by common
descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a
particular country or territory. (People with the same
heritage)

STATE is an organized political community acting

under a government. A state has 4 elements:
1.Territory
2.Population
3.Government
4.Sovereignty
How can someone assume
Political Responsibility?
 Authority
it is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands

Legitimacy
It is a moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses
power the right to excercise such power since such is perceived
to
be justified and proper
 Types of Legitimate Authority

Traditional Charismatic Bureacratic or Legal

This authority's legitimacy This authority's This kind of authority draws its
is derived from legitimacy emanates from legitimacy
well established customs, the charisma of the from formal rules promulgated
habits and social individual. by the state
structure through its fundamental and
implementing
laws.