ASSIGNMENT 01

YATENDRA SINGH CHAUHAN

NANOELECTRONICS
MT20MVD014
Aim: Solving 1D Schrodinger equation using FDM to find probability of
electron for the following cases i) Infinite potential well (Fig 1) ii) Finite
potential well (Fig 2) iii) Two finite potential wells bringing together. 1D
Schrodinger equation is −ℏ2 2𝑚 𝜕2𝜓 𝜕𝑥2 + 𝑉𝜓 =𝐸𝜓 Where V is the Potential,
E is energy of Electron. Modelling can be done through MATLAB/ Scilab o r
C/C++ or any programming language.
FINITE POTENTIAL WELL:

%% units
global m nm kg sec J eV mass_e h_bar
m = 1;
kg = 1;
sec = 1;
J = 1;
nm = 1E-9 *(m);
eV = 1.60218E-19 *(J);
mass_e = 9.10938E-31 *(kg);
h_bar = (6.62607E-34)/(2*pi) *(J*sec);
%% Initializing simulation parameters
dz = 0.1 *(nm);
z_interval = 12 *(nm);
Higher_Voltage = 0.2 *(eV);
lower_Voltage = 0.00 *(eV);
%% allocating the variables and functions
z = (-z_interval*2/12:dz:z_interval*10/12);
% defining the two finite potential quantum well
V = zeros(size(z));
V(z<=0) = Higher_Voltage;
V(z>0 & z<8*(nm) ) = lower_Voltage;
V(z>=8*(nm)) = Higher_Voltage;
% plot of potential well
figure(1),
plot(z/nm, V/eV,'linewidth',2)
legend('V(z)','Location','southeast')
xlim([min(z/nm),max(z/nm)]), ylim([min(-0.5*V/eV),max(1.2*V/eV)])
xlabel('z
[nm]','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16),ylabel('V(eV)','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16);
% constructing the Hamiltonian matrix
H0 = diag((h_bar^2/(mass_e*dz^2)) + V);
H1 = diag(ones(1,length(z)-1)*(- h_bar^2/(2*mass_e*dz^2)),1);
H2 = diag(ones(1,length(z)-1)*(- h_bar^2/(2*mass_e*dz^2)),-1);
H = H0+H1+H2;
%% Calculating field propagation
[fn,En] = eig(H);
%% plot of wave function at first three energy states
figure(2), plot(z/nm, V/eV,'linewidth',2)
xlim([min(z/nm),max(z/nm)]),
xlabel('z
[nm]','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16),ylabel('V(eV)','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16)
figure(2),
plotModes = 4;
hold on,plot (z/nm,[fn(:,1),fn(:,2),fn(:,3),fn(:,4)],'linewidth',2);
legend('V(z)','Ground state energy','first excited state energy','second excited state
energy','Location','northeast')
xlim([min(z/nm), max(z/nm)]);
FINITE POTENTIAL WELL WAVEFUNCTION:
ENERGY:

Q.1) Plot the first three wave functions and probability of electron confined in
the infinite well of L=8nm. Analyze the Energy difference between the ground
state and first excited state (E1− E0), first and second excited states(E2−E1)
by varying
INFINITE POTENTIAL WELL:

%% units
global m nm kg sec J eV mass_e h_bar
m = 1;
kg = 1;
sec = 1;
J = 1;
nm = 1E-9 *(m);
eV = 1.60218E-19 *(J);
mass_e = 9.10938E-31 *(kg);
h_bar = (6.62607E-34)/(2*pi) *(J*sec);
%% Initializing simulation parameters
dz = 0.1 *(nm);
z_interval = 12 *(nm);
Higher_Voltage = 1000 *(eV);
lower_Voltage = 0.00 *(eV);
%% allocating the variables and functions
z = (-z_interval*2/12:dz:z_interval*10/12);
% defining the two finite potential quantum well
V = zeros(size(z));
V(z<=0) = Higher_Voltage;
V(z>0 & z<8*(nm) ) = lower_Voltage;
V(z>=8*(nm)) = Higher_Voltage;
% plot of potential well
figure(1),
plot(z/nm, V/eV,'linewidth',2)
legend('V(z)','Location','southeast')
xlim([min(z/nm),max(z/nm)]), ylim([min(-0.5*V/eV),max(1.2*V/eV)])
xlabel('z
[nm]','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16),ylabel('V(eV)','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16);
% constructing the Hamiltonian matrix
H0 = diag((h_bar^2/(mass_e*dz^2)) + V);
H1 = diag(ones(1,length(z)-1)*(- h_bar^2/(2*mass_e*dz^2)),1);
H2 = diag(ones(1,length(z)-1)*(- h_bar^2/(2*mass_e*dz^2)),-1);
H = H0+H1+H2;
%% Calculating field propagation
[fn,En] = eig(H);
%% plot of wave function at first three energy states
figure(2), plot(z/nm, V/eV,'linewidth',2)
xlim([min(z/nm),max(z/nm)]),
xlabel('z
[nm]','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16),ylabel('V(eV)','fontweight','bold','fontsize',16)
figure(2),
plotModes = 4;
hold on,plot (z/nm,[fn(:,1),fn(:,2),fn(:,3),fn(:,4)],'linewidth',2);
legend('V(z)','Ground state energy','first excited state energy','second excited state
energy','Location','northeast')
xlim([min(z/nm), max(z/nm)])
WAVE FUNCTION:

ENERGY:
CONCULSION:

In This assignment, we learnt about the Modelling of schrodinger Equation in 1D in matlab for
finding Wave functions and energy of infinite potential well and finite potential well.