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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY.,

G.T. ROAD, LAHORE.

ELEMENTARY sURVEYING:

Group-I

Section D
GROUP MEMBERS:
REGS NO. OF THE STUDENT NAME OF THE STUDENT
2013-CIV-181 FAIZAN QURESHI
2013-CIV-182 KHURRAM YOUNAS
2013-CIV-183 ANS INTEZAR
2013-CIV-184 MOEED AZHAR
2013-CIV-185 HAMZA BIN SHAHID
2013-CIV-186 AKASH RAHEEL
2013-CIV-187 MUHAMMAD USMAN
2013-CIV-188 MUHAMMAD SOHEEB
2013-CIV-189 AQIB JAVED
2013-CIV-190 ATA UL HAIY
2013-CIV-191 AAMIR
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Title:
Layout of the buildings.

Apparatus:
 30m fiber glass tape.
 Wooden pegs and hammer.
 Ranging rods.

Objective/Purpose:
The main purpose of performing this experiment is to transfer the plan, length and width
of its foundation on the ground. It is so that the foundations can be exavacated for
construction of proposed buildings as per drawing.

The following preliminary work should be executed before planning of layout for
the house.

 Clear the site from all trees, bushes and trees.

 Record spot levels of the ground.
 Construct a permanent benchmark in the construction area.

The methods which are most commonly used are setting out right angles and
perpendicular lines. In survey work, it is often necessary to set out right angles or
perpendicular lines on the fields. A few practical methods indicate that how this can be
done.

(1) 3-4-5 Method:

This method is used to set out a right triangle from a certain point
on the base line.

(2) The Rope Method:

This method is used to setout a line perpendicular to the base line

starting from a point which is not on the baseline.

(3)The Prism Square Method:

It is used to set out a right angle and perpendicular lines.

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Procedure for the 3-4-5 Method:

First of all, to set out right angles in the field, three persons are
required. The first person holds the mark 0m and the 12m mark of the tape. The second
person holds the 3m mark of the tape. The third person holds the 8m mark of the tape.
When all the sides of the tape are stretched, a triangle is formed with 3m, 4m & 5m length
and the angle where the first person is standing is the required right angle.

Procedure for the given Job:

The given job is performed by following the above mentioned

procedure.

 First of all, we took an arbitrary point A where the first person stood till the
formation of the right triangle. The first person held the 0m and 12m mark.
 The second person held the 3m mark of the measuring tape and moved away from
the first person stretching the tape and stood at the point B.
 The third person took the 8m mark and stood at point C. He made a right angle
triangle by stretching the tape so that the angle of 90 degrees is formed at point A.
 Now, In order to perform the given job, the pegs were fixed at the point A, B, C which
is in a proper alignment.
 Considering A as the reference point, pegs were fixed at 5m and 10m in one
direction and 8m in the other direction.
 For the Verandah portion this 8m line is stretched from both sides by 3m and 4m so
that an inclined region of verandah is formed.

Precautions:

 All the pegs should be fixed properly.

 The measuring tape should be kept free from sags.
 The ranging rod, if used, should also be kept straight.
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Viva Voce:

Question No.01:What is sag and how it affects the measurement?

Ans: These are the curve or small arcs formed in the measuring tape which increases the
measurement.

Question No.02:Which type of measuring tape is used?

Ans: The fibre glass tape which is 30m long is used for the present experiment. However,
steel tape can also be used.

Question No.03:Why pegs are used?

Ans: Pegs are used for the measurement of long distances and for proper alignment.

Question No.04:Which three methods are most commonly used for setting of right angles?

Ans :These three methods are used for the setting of right angles.

(1) 3-4-5 Method

(2) The Rope Method

(3)The Prism Square Method

Question No.05:Which method is the most convenient for setting of perpendiculars?

Ans:3- 4-5 Method is the most efficient method.

Question No.06: Why 3-4-5 Method is the most effective method?

Ans: It is effective since it is the easiest way to draw a right angle triangle and no any
specific equipment are required.

Question No.07: What is bench mark?

Ans: Bench marks are the fixed relative points which are usually measured according to
global system.

Question No.08: What are spot levels?

Ans: These are the boundaries in which a specific layout is to be drawn.

Question No.09: What do you understand by the Prism Square method?

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Ans: In this method of drawing perpendiculars, perpendicular or base lines are drawn in
such a way that there is no parallax between image of a fixed object as seen by the observer
through the specifically designed prism.

Question No. 10:What is a base line?

Ans: It is the reference line according to which all measurements are taken.