JOB-4

To layout the building in the field.

1st march, 2013

Hammer

Pegs

Ranging rods

Measuring tape

Least count of measuring tape is

1sooter or 2mm

4.22m 4.22m

All lengths
Room Room
are in meters

4.22m 4X4 4X4

3.0 m Verandah

8X3
 Ranging Rod:-

Ranging rods are used to make lines of sight straight. They have red and white
stripes (each stripe of 1 foot) on it to differentiate it from the background. If the
background is white the red color of rod will be visible and vice versa. There is a nib on
one side of the ranging rod that can be used to insert the ranging rod in the ground.

Measuring Tape:

Measuring tapes are of different types (cloth tape, fiberglass tape, metallic tape,
and steel tape). Each of these has its own benefits as well as defects. For example steel tape can
remain straight but will expand on heating under the sun.

Hammer and pegs:

They both were made up wood. Pegs can be inserted in ground with the help of
hammer to mark a point on the ground.

Following methods can be used to make a right angle if you don’t have an angle measuring
instrument

3,4,5 triangle: a triangle that have side equal to 3,4,5 m or foot is a right angle triangle
and can be used to make right angle when required

Rope Method: take a piece of rope and make three equal parts of it. They can then be
used to make an equilateral triangle, to draw perpendiculars, where ever required.

Single/ double prismatic squares: they can also be used to make right angle or
perpendiculars. Standing at the center of the right angle you can look at both hands of the angle
in the form of a straight line through the prism. Fix one ranging rod on one arm of right angle
and then move the ranging rod on the other arm until it is in straight line with the other one while
looking through the prism.
A reference line is selected (or told by the teacher/ supervisor) according to which other lines are
to be drawn. Then next line is drawn at right angle to it.

To make a right angle using 3, 4, 5 triangle 3 people are required. First one holds the zero and 12
of the measuring tape. The second one holds the 3m/foot mark and the 3rd one holds the 7m/foot
mark. Then the measuring tape is adjusted such that all the three sides of the measuring tape are
completely straight and tight, and there is no sag in it.

The distances are from the center of one wall to the center of the other wall i.e. if a room is 4m
long then 10cm from of one wall and 10cm of the wall on the opposite side are added to it to
make a total distance of 4.20m between two lines.

After installing pegs in ground they are moved 1m or 2m away (in the same straight line) from
their original position so that the digging work can be done without losing the mark.

Measuring tape should be straight and there must be no sag in it.

Extra care should be taken while making a 3, 4, 5 triangle, so that the sides are exactly
perpendicular.

Measurement should be taken from exact center of the peg. A nail (if possible) should
be nailed in the center of the peg.

While hammering the peg should not be inclined. It should be vertical.

No matter how much conscious we were there was always an error of few centimeters in our
final measurement. It was probably due to the use of 3, 4, 5 triangle method for the measurement
of angle. The measuring tape that we were provided in the beginning was a cloth tape and was
not working properly so we have to replace it. It wasted a lot of our time. While performing the
job instead of taking distance equal to 4.2(center to center) we took 4m distance, just for the sake
of practice, as advised by our supervisor. We were also told some other methods for measuring
right angle while performing the job.

Q- What is the least count of the measuring tape in meters?

Answer- The least count of measuring tape is 0.002 meters.

Q- How many methods can you use to make a right angle without using any angle measuring
device?

Answer- Three methods can be used for this purpose

3, 4, 5 triangle method

Rope Method

Prism Method

Q- Why pegs are placed 1 or 2 meter away from their original position?

Answer- Pegs are placed one or 2 meters away from their original position to facilitate digging.

Q- Why the ranging rod is painted red and white?

Answer- Ranging rod is painted in two colors so that if the background is red then you can see
the white color of the ranging rod, and if background is white then you can see the red color.

Q- How can you use ranging rod to measure distance?

Answer- The alternate straps of red and white are 1 foot away from each other so a reading in
feet less than 6 can be taken with the help of ranging rod.

Q- Why do we take center to center distance of walls?

Answer- We take center to center distance of walls and mark them because that is the place
where the digging is actually going to take place.
Q- What is the basic sense behind using the 3, 4, 5 triangle method for right angle measurement.

Answer- from Pythagoras Theorem we know that for the right angle triangle

c2 = a2 + b2

52 = 42 + 32

This means that a triangle that has lengths equal to 3, 4, and 5 is a right angled triangle, with 3,4
as base and perpendicular and 5 as hypotenuse.

Q- From which point on the peg should we start our measurement?

Answer- Measurement should start from exact center of the peg.

Q- How can we make a right angle using 3,4,5 triangle using measuring tape?

Answer- To make a right angle using 3, 4, 5 triangle 3 people are required. First one holds the
zero and 12 of the measuring tape. The second one holds the 3m/foot mark and the 3rd one holds
the 7m/foot mark. Then the measuring tape is adjusted such that all the three sides of the
measuring tape are completely straight and tight, and there is no sag in it.

Q- How can we straighten a line using ranging rods?

Answer- Fix two ranging rods one at start and the other one at the end point. Now move a third
ranging rod in-between these two points so that you can see only one rod. i.e. all the three rods
are in same line. In this way you can straighten a line using ranging rods.
 Measuring Tapes

Ranging Rods Pegs

Hammers