1

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY., G.T. ROAD, LAHORE.

ELEMENTARY sURVEYING:

Group-I

Section D

JOB # 6B
GROUP MEMBERS:
REGS NO. OF THE STUDENT NAME OF THE STUDENT
2013-CIV-181 FAIZAN QURESHI
2013-CIV-182 KHURRAM YOUNAS
2013-CIV-183 ANS INTEZAR
2013-CIV-184 MOEED AZHAR
2013-CIV-185 HAMZA BIN SHAHID
2013-CIV-186 AKASH RAHEEL
2013-CIV-187 MUHAMMAD USMAN
2013-CIV-188 MUHAMMAD SOHEEB
2013-CIV-189 AQIB JAVED
2013-CIV-190 ATA UL HAIY
2013-CIV-191 AAMIR SALEEM
 2

Title:
To Layout the plan of a building on ground using prismatic compass.

Apparatus Required:

 Prismatic compass.
 30m fiber glass tape.
 Wooden pegs and hammer.
 Ranging rods.

objective/Purpose:
The main purpose to perform this job is to transfer the plan, length and width on the
ground with the help of the prismatic compass. It is so that the foundations can be
exavacated for construction of proposed buildings as per drawing of plan on the ground
level.

The methods which are most commonly used are setting out right angles and
perpendicular lines In survey work it is often necessary to set out right angles or
perpendicular lines on the field. Here, It is being drawn with the help of the prismatic
compass.

Following preliminary actions must be executed before actually planning layout for
the building.

 Clear the site from grass, bushes and trees.

 Record spot levels of the ground.
 Construct a permanent bench mark in the construction area.

Procedure for the given Job:

 First of all, a peg is inserted at an arbitrary point A. The prismatic compass is

centered at that point and it is so adjusted so that it shows an angle of 360˚ at that
point with the ranging rod at the distance of 8 meters. The alignment should be
proper and such that the rod hides behind the thin wire of the prismatic compass.
 Here, say at point B, another peg is inserted and then the whole apparatus of
prismatic compass is so adjusted so that it forms an angle of 270˚ with the ranging
 3

rod at 5 meters which is point G. This basically shows the direction of south which is
at right angle to the north direction.
 As two rooms of 5m length are to be laid, therefore this line AG is extended to 5m till
point E and should be in correspondence with the previous peg at G.
 Now from point E, the compass is adjusted so that it forms an angle of 270˚ with the
ranging rod and a peg is inserted at the point E.
 From this point, another peg is inserted at the distance of 5m which shows the angle
of 270˚ with the rod. Note that, it is in alignment with the point B & E.
 For Verandah, the same line AB is extended to 3m and a peg is inserted at this point
C. The prismatic compass is shifted to the point at point E and another peg is
inserted at point D at a distance of 4m so that the Verandah has an inclined line.
 In this way, the whole area is planned on the ground with the help of the prismatic
compass.

Precautions:

 Temporary adjustments of prismatic compass must be done properly before doing

any task.
 The prismatic compass should be properly centered and the personal errors should
be avoided as far as possible.
 All the pegs should be fixed properly.
 The measuring tape should be kept free from sags.
 The ranging rod should also be kept straight
 4

Prismatic compass:
 5

Figure:

Viva Voce:

Question No.01: What is sag and how it affects the measurement?

Ans: These are the curve or small arcs formed in the measuring tape which increases the
measurement.

Question No.02: Which type of measuring tape is used?

Ans: The fiber glass tape which is 30m long is used for the present experiment. However,
steel tape can also be used.

Question No.03: Why pegs are used?

Ans: Pegs are used for the measurement of long distances and for proper alignment.
 6

Question No.04: What is the inverse process of making a Layout?

Ans: Inverse process of making a layout is Plan making.

Question No.05: What do you mean by the temporary adjustments?

Ans: These are the adjustments which are done in order to use the instrument effectively
and must be done before performing any job by the corresponding instrument.

Question No.06: What are the temporary adjustments of the prismatic compass?

Ans: These are the temporary adjustments of the prismatic compass.

 First of all, screw the compass on the tripod stand.

 Setup the instrument over the required station point.
 Perform centering of prismatic compass.

Question No.07: What is bench mark?

Ans: Bench marks are the fixed relative points which are usually measured according to
global system.

Question No.08: What are spot levels?

Ans: These are the boundaries in which a specific layout is to be drawn.

Question No.09: What is station point:?

Ans: Station point is a fix point of reference. It has three co-ordinates. Latitude, Longitude
and the reduced level.

Question No. 10:What is a base line?

Ans: It is the reference line according to which all measurements are taken.
7