Prepared by:

EVA B. MACUGAY
Professor II
evabmacugay @yahoo.com
1. Discuss the academic preparation of teacher profession in basic
education.
2. Enumerate the components of teacher preparation
3. Discuss the different teaching practices in the ASEAN.
4. Enumerate one from the other the educational system of
a)China b)Japan c)USA
The ASEAN : ONE VISION, ONE IDENTITY , ONE
COMMUNNITY
Basic education levels in most ASEAN countries have 12 years of
formal schooling, divided into primary, lower secondary and upper
secondary levels. All primary education levels are compulsory , while in
some countries the secondary level is voluntary except Philippines. In
Singapore , the last two year levels are pre-university levels. Tertiary level is
the college level which is beyond the basic education in all the countries
in the ASEAN .
ASEAN countries have comparable academic teacher education preparations

a. 12 years of basic education and 2 years of teacher prep to earn a Diploma in Teaching

b. upper secondary level - 12 years + 4 -5 years of teacher preparation

c. non education degree graduates – take the post graduate diploma in Education/ Teaching

d. all provides a teaching practicum, student teaching or field experience courses. This will provide

them the opportunity to apply the theories and concepts in the content and pedagogy courses

in real class situation.

Key to quality education are qualified, professionally trained, motivated and well
supported teachers .

Four components of teacher academic preparations common to ASEAN

COUNTRIES

1. General knowledge and understanding - general education and liberal education

What to know about oneself and world

2. Pedagogy - provides variety of teaching delivery approaches beyond traditional

methods of teaching ; pedagogical theories and principles HOW TO TEACH .
3. Innovative methods – student centered approaches , cooperative learning, project
based learning based on international values to enhance , peace education,
sustainable development , respect for diversity, inclusive education and global
citizenship.
TEACHING Practicum /experiential Learning

4. Knowledge, theories and principles and pedagogies learned are validated in real life
situation as teachers .This is needed for certification to teach.
Specialized knowledge /major courses
Teacher’s Major Responsibilities
Actual Teaching - time of engagement of the teacher with the learners within the official
teaching hours ; contact time or time on task
6-8 hours /day, 40 -45 hours /week , 4 weeks per month and 10 months/year
Management of Learning - refers to activities that support the actual teaching . this can be
beyond actual time like remediation or enhancement, homework or co – curricular activities.
Administrative work - refers to the teachers job that includes writing test items, checking and
recording of test paper results, attending to parents, making reports and other related activities .
ASEAN teachers salary ranges from 120.50 USD to 2,589. Per month . Singapore is 45, 755
per year
Most teachers are licensed as professionals or are certified to teach by
the country’s appropriate agencies like in the Phils. Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC) .
Singapore - National Institute for Education
Thailand - Teacher Education council (Khurusapha
Indonesia - AKTA IV

Teacher recruitment process and qualifications are guided by the

Ministry of Education .
China - has the largest teaching force in the world – 200 million
students 9 million teachers in the elem, junior and senior HS
Education is highly centralized for course syllabus are written by
scientists and professors hired by the National Educational Commission.
Subject matter and instructional contents are uniform for all.
Educational system includes:
Six years of primary education
3 years of junior middle school , 3 years of senior middle school
Six years of university
Varieties of technical and vocational schools
Gongban (state paid ) - teachers who earn salary comparable with other state employees
Five grade system
Supergrade teachers highest level - 5 % of the teaching force
Senior grade teachers - 6%
Third grade teachers
Second grade teachers - majority of secondary teachers
First grade teachers
Minban (community paid) – teachers who are paid by local commuity

China’s Teacher Licensing standardized for secondary teachers by the central

government while examination for the elementary teachers are the responsibility of each
province.
Chinese teachers enjoy unquestionable authority- Chinese society -
the teacher tells the single and absolute truth and the job of the students
is to absorbed the knowledge conveyed by the teacher without question
Students are guided by the following tenets:
Important knowledge comes from teachers and textbooks
Learning involves listening, thinking and silent practice.
Knowledge espoused by the teacher and the textbook is not to be
challenged.

China rank 1 in the Global Teacher status Index where teaching

profession is regarded equal to the doctor .
The Japanese Education system is highly centralized and is
administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of Education . It is a
model on how to operate schools. The system gives us a mental picture
of obedient, quiet school children sitting on their desks, listening to the
teacher and working hard to pass the various entrance examinations.
The educational system produces students who perform better on
international examinations.
The best in the world in solving mathematical equations.
Youngsters are well behave , envied around as law- abiding
Overwhelming civility, ; graffiti and vandalism are rare
Education is free and compulsary for children 6 to 15 years .
Classes are large and teaching methods are lectures
Educational system is divided into 5 basic levels k , elem (6years), lower
secondary (3years ) upper s econdary (3 years) and university (4 years).
In Japan, teachers are expected to infuse cutural values throughout
school activities including students lives both in school or even at home
and community.
Annual salary (2013) $43, 775.00
Teacher Certification in Japan.
First class certificate -issued to pre school, elem or secondary teachers
with basic qualification is Bachelors Degree.
Second Class Certificate - basic qualification plus 62 credit units in a
university
Becoming employed as a teacher
Most of the public school teachers are prefectural employees even if
they teach in municipal schools . A prefectural appointment examination is
given in two stages
1. Written tests
2. Interview
Age is very important consideration for teacher applicants . under the age
of 30. But once the applicants gain entry to the teaching profession , they
are assured of lifetime employment.
American educational system greatly influenced the Phil. Educational system

Basic Education, the avenue for teaching jobs in USA

Levels of education in US are similar to the Philippines

Becoming a Professional Teacher in USA

Pre service students who are preparing to teach must attend a college or a university
for four years, major or minor in education and earn a teaching certificate
USA has a decentralized educational system and each state education agency
(SEA) has its own guidelines and requirements for earning and maintaining a
teaching certificate . a teaching certificate earned in one state may or may not
recognized in another state.

Prospective teacher must pass the National Teacher Examination (NTE). They
require teachers to renew their certification by continuing to take renewal
credits .

Salaries of teachers - $44, 917.00 . It is determined by education and

experience .
Elem schools teachers are child focused , kind person, understanding
and sensitive to the needs of children.

Secondary - subject matter specialists

21 countries were chosen based on PISA and TIMMSS.
Index determined the level of respect afforded the teachers in the specific
country.
Data include profile of teacher respect , teaching as sought after
profession, contextualized understanding of teacher status and views on
pupils respect for teachers.
China ranks 1
Bilbao, Purita P. , Corpuz, B. B.,Llagas, A. A. &Salandanan, G G.
2018. The Teaching Profession . Manila :Lorimar Publishing Co.
Inc.

Lim, Lourdes S., Caubic, R A. Caubic and Casihan, L. L. . 2014 The

Teaching Profession .Manila: Adrian Publishing Co., Inc.
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