EXPLORING TEXTS

REFLECTING
DIFFERENT
CULTURES
THE IMPORTANCE OF TEXTS, CONTEXT
AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS IN THE
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
•“THE ORIGINAL WORDS AND FORM OF A
WRITTEN OR PRINTED WORK.”

•In general, text is a collection of words

or letters that are understandable by
the reader. On a computer, text is
added, viewed, edited, and modified TEXT
using a text editor or word processing
program. To add text, a keyboard is
most often used. However, may also be
added using touch and an on-screen
keyboard or through voice recognition.
 Texts are constructed to be detachable from
the flow of conversation, so that they can be
repeated, quoted and commented upon –
they are forms of language, that is, which,
TEXT whether written or oral, are accorded a kind
of independent and privileged existence. At
the same time, however, all texts, including
written ones, are forms of action, speech
acts embedded in the context of their
emission and reception
•Context means the setting of a word or
event. If your friend is furious at you for
calling her your worst enemy, remind her
that the context of those remarks was
Opposite Day.

•Context comes from the Latin for how

something is made. It was first used to talk
about writing, as in "the beautiful phrase CONTEXT
occurs in the context of the concluding
paragraph." We use it now to talk about any
circumstance in which something happens.
You might say that you can't understand what
happens without looking at the context. When
someone takes your words but makes it sound
like you meant something else, they've taken
your words out of context
 One reason why context matters, it would be the

CONTEXT
relationship created between the writer and the
reader. Whether you’re writing fiction or non-
fiction, context is a practical tool that will help you
build meaning, trust, and interest for the reader.
Cultural context is related to the society where
individuals are raised in and at how the culture
affects behavior. It incorporates values that are

CULTURAL
learned and attitudes that are shared among groups
of people. It includes beliefs, meanings, customs,
ideas, language, norms.
Cultural Understanding
•Incorporating cultural context to risk
CONTEXT
communication can be very difficult. Risk
communicators must fully understand the ways in
which not only their words, but also their actions,
tone of voice, gestures, dress, and approach to
discussion influence the efficacy of their message.
 •If culture, conditions how we think,
encode, and decode, then it is important for
the communication process.
• Culture conditions how we think, encode

CULTURAL
and decode.
• Hence, culture is important for the

CONTEXT communication process.

•Ignoring this can result in a myriad of
negative outcomes, from a communication
breakdown to anger, insult, or an increase in
risk.
ANALYZING TEXTS THAT
REFLECT VARIED
CULTURES AND
PRACTICES
TEXT IS CULTURALLY CONDI TI O NED, THEN
ANALYZING
TEXT REFLECTS THE CULTURE THAT TEXTS THAT
CONDITIONS IT.
•SOME AREAS WHERE IN THERE I S A REFLECT
VARIETY OF WAYS, WHICH IS USED:
1.SPELLING VARIED
2.PRONUNCI ATION
3.VOCABULARY
CULTURES
4.IDIOMS
5.GESTURES
AND
PRACTICES
SPELLING
PRONUNCIATION
VOCABULARY
IDIOMS
GESTURES
AND
•Sometimes the vocabulary is the same, but the
difference is in the frequence certain words are
being used.

MORE! •American English is more colloquial than British

English.
•AmE conforms to regular structures more than
BrE.
•AmE is more explicit and more hearer-friendly
than BrE.
•AmE tends toward grammatical economy more
than BrE.
1.CULTURAL IDENTITIES A ND DI FFERENCES
SHIELD PEOPLE FROM CHA O S.
2.IF ANYTHING SHIELDS PEOPLE FROM
CHAOS, IT MERITS OUR APPRECIATI O N. APPRECIATION
•WHAT WE FAIL TO APPRECI ATE, WE
FORGET. THEIR SHIELDS FA CED A K I ND O F
TO VARIOUS
CHAOS THAT WE OURSELVES M I GHT FA CE, CULTURAL
SO WE MUST LEARN TO ADO PT THEM LEST
CHAOS COULD CATCH US O FF GUA RD.
IDENTITIES
•THEY TELL US THE STORY O F THOSE AND
WHOM IT SHIELDS, NAMELY OUR STORY.
THEREFORE, CULTURAL IDENTITI ES AND DIFFERENCES
DIFFERENCES MERIT OUR A PPRECIATI O N.
 Coppola, Damon. 2015. Introduction to International Disaster Management. South Bend: St.
Augustine’s Press.
Samson, J. (2017). Context matters in writing. Washington, D.C.
Barber, K. (2007). The Anthropology of Texts, Persons and Publics. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, UK.
Sapir, E.. 1962. Culture, language, and personality: selected essays. David Mandelbaum (Ed.).
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Madrunio, M & Martin, I.. 2018, Purposive Communication: Using English in Multicultural Contexts.

REFERENCES Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

•https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/cultural-context/87372
•https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/context
•https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/text.htm
•https://www.eslbuzz.com/differences-between-american-and-british-english/?
fbclid=IwAR0EjHqmNPRNybn0l6oV3iwXLELABu5xn1B15qIhU-KSRQm-6N4K7m_x28I
•https://learnbritishenglish.wordpress.com/2013/03/07/british-english-vs-american-english-key-
spelling-differences-jpeg/amp/?fbclid=IwAR0wNTF7DqwlBmn2EONSYu_DXxxXriEguLQ03Dn-
sju48mc3JfzKfTy_xNw
Good luck!