What I Need to Know

At the end Of this module, you should be able to:

Give evidence for and explain the formation of
heavier elements during star formation. (Silli2PS-111a-
1);
2. Explain how the concept of the atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in
the laboratory. (S11/12PS-lllb-11):
3. Determine if a molecule is polar or non polar given its structure. (S11/12PS-
lIIc-15);
4Relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties. (S' 1/12PS-Illc-f6)
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given
choices.

Which thewy suggests that the universe began from a singularity and its hflation?
Big Bang Theory C. Oscillating universe
B. Eternal Inflation D.
Steady-State universe
Aside from the neutron. the core Of an atorn is made up Of Which Other subatomic particle?
C. proton positron D. None
of the above.
What kinds of elements has atomic numbers greater than Uranium?
alkaline earth metals C. noble gases rnetals D.
transuraniurn elements
4. What's the term for stars that are nine times böger than our Sun?
massive stars C. stars nebulae D.
superncwa
What does an element's atomic number determine? number
Of electron C. number of proton number Of positron D.
None Of the choices
What does an element's atomic weight determine?
A_ number of protons and electrons C. number of protons only
B. number of protons and neutrons D. number of neutrons only
Who developed the latest model ot the atom which is accepted unu today?
A. Ernest Rutherford C. John Dalton Ja. Thomson D.
Niels Bohr
How long can super heavy elements live? hours
C. seconds minutes D_ microseconds
What does adding neutrons to atoms make? a new compound
C. a new isotope a new element D. None of the choices
 What serves as the identity of an atom?
number of electron C. number of proton number of positron
D. None Of the choices

What's More
ACTIVITY f.1.2A Comprehensive Reading
Instructions: Read the given passages and answer me questions that follow. This activity
aims to practice your analysis on scientific articles, specifically about the
basic formation of elements.

"Heaviest Elements Did Not Form from Supemovae"

Son Ph».iæ Today (FreW 2018)

unitil now it is accepted that heaviest elements formed from a supernova

However. scientists Anna Frebel from the Massachussets Institute Of Technology
(MIT) in Cambridge and Timothy C. Beers from the University of Notre Dame in
Indiana have found evidence contrary to that belief.
A supernova explosion happens when a star dies, This explosion. like any
Other explosion, would generate enough heat but in this case, such heat would aid
the formation
Of elements. Since the lighter elernents up until Iron can take form from normal stars, there
are still questions about how the elements after Iron have taken form to which most studies
proposed to be from supernovae.

From the study of Anna Frebel and Timothy Beers, heaviest elements tend to
form in an environment filled with free neutrons. This is vital because these free
neutrons would be captured eventually into an existing nucleus making it heavier.
The new element will not be this heavier nucleus but the one formed after this
nucleus decays. Such decay would become stable and thus becomes this new.
heavier element with a very short lifespan of a millisecond.
The big revelation was that such an event with enough energy can only
happen during a neutron-star merging. Neutron-star merger is when two stars
collide due to gravitational pull and results in a much bigger explosion than a
standard supernova.

Questions:
1. What is the major finding of Anna Frebel and Timothy Beers' 2018 study?
2. Why do you think their finding is important to the field of scientific education?
3. What could have happened if the new evidence about tie formation of the heaviest elements
had not been discovered?
 What's New
ACTIVITY 1.1.' The Galaxy's Puzzle
Instructions: A. Read the short story provided below and find me 5 words related to physics and
chemistry. Use items 1-5 as a guide to find the words.
Once. there was a spy named Hydrogen (nicknamed Hy) with massive issues on
trusting Angela, his agency partner There was always the possibility that their opinions crash
against each other rather than end in a peaceful fusion like when Hy suggests the suspect of
the crime they were investigating could be in the East Coast but Angela argues that the
place should be in the West Coast. They were almost fired from the job for being too
unprofessional, almost becoming the 'big bang' to their careers, The gravity Of the situation
made Hy and Angela rethink their attitude and agree to be more understandable of each
other's differences on opinions.
B.Chemistry and Physics words found in the story:
1. This is the lightest element in the periodic table.
2. This is what happens when elements combine together,
usually resulting to new elements.
3. This is the theory which proposes the universe is still in
the process of inflation,
4. This is the term for stars bigger than our own Sun.
5. This is what pulls atoms together and what causes the Earth
to orbit the Sun.