DB08

Binary Adder-SubtracterDB08

43
DB08
Introduction
DB08 is a compact, ready to use Binary Adder-Subtracter experiment board. This
experiment board has been designed to study binary adder and Subtracter circuits. It
can be used as stand alone unit with external Power Supply or can be used with
Scientech Digital Lab Scientech 2611 which has built in Power Supply, Pulse
Generator, Pulser Switches, 8 bits data switches, logic probe, digital display, 8 bits LED
display.

44
DB08
Theory
Half Adder:
The combinational circuit that performs the addition of two bits is called a Half Adder.
This circuit has two binary inputs and two binary outputs. The input variable X, Y
designate the augends and addend bits, the output variables S h, Ch produces the sum
and carry. The logic diagram and Truth Table are shown in experiment section. The
Boolean equation is
Sh = X’.Y +X.Y’= XY
Ch = X.Y
Full Adder:

The circuit that performs the addition of three bits (two significant bits and a previous
carry) is called a full adder. It consists of three inputs X, Y, Z. Two of the input variable,
denoted by X and Y, represents the two significant bits to be added. The third input, Z,
represents the carry from the previous lower significant position. The output Sf gives
the value of the least significant bit of sum and Cf gives the output carry. The logic
diagram for 3-bit full adder is shown in experiment section. The Boolean equation is
Sf = X’Y’Z + X’YZ’+ XY’Z’+ XYZ
Cf = X.Y + X.Z +Y.Z
The full adder introduced above forms the sum of two bits and a previous carry. Two
binary number of n bits each can be added in parallel by means of binary parallel adder.
Consider two 2 bit numbers Y0 X0, Y1 X1
Y0 X0 Y0 X0
+ Y1 X1 = Y1 X1
SUM C0 S1 S0
It can also be constructed with two full adder in cascade, with the output carry from one
full adder connected to the input carry of the next full adder. An n bit parallel adder
requires n full adder. The Truth Table and logic diagram for 2 bit binary parallel adder
is shown in experiment section.
Half Subtracter:
A Half Subtracter is a combinational circuit that subtracts two bits and produces their
difference. It has two inputs X, Y. X is minuend and Y is subtrahend. The output bits
are designated by Bh, Dh. Dh is difference bit and Bh is borrow bit (generates the binary
signal that informs the next stage that a 1 has been borrowed). The logic diagram and
Truth Table for 2 bit Half Subtracter is shown in experiment section.
The Logic equation is

45
DB08
Dh = X’Y+XY’= XY

46
DB08
Experiment
Objective:
Verification of Truth Table for the following Digital Circuits
1. 2 Bit Binary Half Adder.
2. 3 Bit Binary Full Adder.
3. 2 Bit Binary Parallel Adder.
4. 2 Bit Binary Half Subtracter.
Equipment Needed:
1. Digital board DB08
2. DC Power Supply +5 V from external source or ST2611 Digital lab.
3. Digital Multimeter or Digital Lab ST2611.
Logic Diagram & Truth Table:
(Logic 1 = +5 V & Logic 0=GND)

X Y Ch Sh
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

2 Bit Binary Half Adder

Figure 1
X Y Z Cf Sf
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
3 Bit Binary Half Adder 1 1 1
Figure 2

47
DB08

2 Bit Binary Parallel Adder

Figure 3

Y0 X0 Y1 X1 C0 S1 S0
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1

Truth Table

48
DB08

X Y Bh Dh
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

2 Bit Binary Half Subtracter

Figure 4
Procedure:

1. Connect +5 V and ground to their indicated position on DB08 from external DC

Power Supply or from DC power block of Digital Lab ST -2611.
2. Switch on the Power Supply.
3. Connect inputs X, Y as per Truth Table to 2 bit binary Half Adder.
4. Observe output Sh, Ch on multimeter or on LED display of Digital Lab ST2611
and prove Truth Table.
5. Switch Off the Power Supply.
6. Connect output Sh, CH of 2 bit binary Half Adder to input Sh, Ch of 3 bit binary
Full Adder.
7. Connect input X, Y, Z to 3 bit binary Full Adder as per Truth Table shown.
8. Observe output Sf, Cf on multimeter or on LED display of Digital Lab ST2611
and prove Truth Table.
9. Repeat above steps and prove Truth Table for 2 bit binary parallel Adder and 2
bit binary Half Subtracter.

49
DB09
DB09
Encoder-Decoder

50
DB09

Introduction
DB09 is a compact, ready to use Encoder-Decoder experiment board. This experiment
board has been designed to study 8 to 3 line encoder and 3 to 8 line decoder circuit and
verify their truth table. It can be used as stand alone unit with external Power Supply or
can be used with Scientech 2611 Digital I.C. Platform which has built in Power
Supply, Pulse Generator, Pulser Switches, 8 Bits Data Switches, Logic Probe, Digital
Display, 8 bits LED display.

51
DB09
Theory
Discrete quantities of information are represented in digital systems with binarycodes.
2n distinct elements can be represented by a binary code of n bits. An encoder has 2n
input lines and n output lines. The output lines generate the binary code for the 2n input
variables.
Figure 1 shows 8 to 3 line encoder. It consists of eight inputs D0-D7, and three outputs
X, Y, Z that generates the corresponding binary number. X is MSB.
It is constructed with OR gates whose inputs can be determined from the truth table 1.
The encoder in figure 1 assumes that only one input line can be equal to 1 at any time.
The circuit has eight inputs and could have 28 = 256 possible input combinations. Only
eight of these combinations have been considered. The other input combinations are
don't-care conditions.
A decoder is a digital function that produces a reverse operation from that of an encoder.
A decoder is a combinational circuit that converts binary information from n input lines
to a maximum of 2n unique output lines. Figure 2 shows 3 to 8 line decoder. The three
inputs X, Y, Z are decoded in to eight outputs D0-D7, each output representing one of
the minterms of the three input variables. The three inverters provide the complement
of the inputs and each one of the eight AND gate generates one of the minterms. Truth
table 2 shows different input combinations for 3 to 8 line decoder.

52
DB09
Experiment 1
Objective:
Study of the following circuit and verifying their truth table
1. 8 to 3 line Encoder Circuit.
2. 3 to 8 line Decoder Circuit.
Equipments Needed:
1. Digital board DB09.
2. DC Power Supply +5 V from external source or Scientech 2611 Digital I.C.
Platform.
3. Digital Multimeter or Scientech 2611 Digital I.C. Platform.
Logic diagram & Truth Table:
(Logic 1 = +5 V & Logic 0=GND)

Figure 1

53
DB09

D0 Dl D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 X Y Z
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Table 1

Figure 2
54
DB09

X Y Z D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Table 2
Procedure:
1. Connect + 5 V and ground to their indicated position on DB09 from external DC
power supply or from DC power block of Scientech 2611 Digital I.C. Platform
2. Connect inputs D0-D7 as per Truth Table 1 to 8 to 3 line Encoder circuit as
shown in figure 1.
3. Switch ‘On’ the power supply.
4. Observe output X, Y, Z on multimeter or on LED display of Scientech 2611
Digital I.C. Platform and prove Truth Table.
5. Connect inputs X, Y, Z as per truth table 2 to 3 to 8 line Decoder circuit of
figure 2.
6. Observe output D0-D7 on multimeter or on LED display of Scientech 2611
Digital I.C. Platform and prove Truth Table.
7. Repeat above steps for remaining input.

55