Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-CALABARZON
Division of Rizal
TAYTAY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
School ID # 342569

PRACTICAL REASERCH 2
COURSE TASK # 8.1- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Grade Level: 12 Strand: STEM Section: GAUSS

Leader: Molliana Padlan
Members: (1) Jeanny Mae Pasebre
(2) Raven Lacambra
(3) Nica Jacobe
(4) Sharyn Pauya

Approved topic :

Effectiveness of Lemon Grass ( Cymbopogon ) and Garlic (Allium sativum) as Mosquito

Repellent

The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The
theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem
under study exist.
(https://study.com/academy/lesson/writting-reaserch-questions-purpose-examples.html)

Instruction: Using Course Task # 8.1 discuss your topic and relate it to the theories you have cited.
Theory / ies and related literature are where is your study stands or grounded.

Theoretical Framework

The main objective of the work was to extract the active ingredient in Cymbopogon
citratus leave and to formulate a mosquito repellent cream naturally obtained from medicinal
plants instead of commonly available synthetic repellents and insecticides such as N-Diethyl-
3methylbenzamide (DEET), which are carcinogenic and non eco-friendly. The formulation of
cream have smooth texture with a pH 7.30 which is non-irritant and suitable for the skin. The
efficacy of the extract of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) was investigated on mosquito in
this research using different concentrations of the oil extract. The sample (cream) with the
highest concentration of the active ingredient extracted was found to be most effective in
repelling mosquitoes. Ethanol and Hexane were used to extract the essential oil and Gas
chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) was used to analyse the constituents in the
extracted active oil. The most abundant constituents observed in the hexane extract are
cyclotetracosane (4.05%) and naphthalene (5.03%). Hexane proved to be a better solvent by
giving a percentage yield of 7.8% of essential oil while ethanol a percentage of 2.9%. (ME
Ojewumi, MG Banjo, TA Ogunbiyi, AA Ayoola, OO Awolu, EO Ojewumi, 2017)

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates. L) the leaves have a lemon like odor because they
contain an essential oil having citral as main constituent, same as what is present in lemon peel.
Leading phytochemical compounds in lemongrass leaf are terpineol, Dipentene, Limonene, α-
terpineol, citronellol, methyl heptenone, dipentene, geraniol, limonene, nerol, farnesol, mainly
(triterpenoids). (Shukla, D., Wijayapala, S., & Vankar, P. S. 2018).

Maia & Moore (2011) found that garlic juice can be very toxic to mosquitoes in an
increased concentration but does not harm a human. The odor drives mosquitoes away for as
long as mosquitoes can detect it because garlic contains Allicin as its defense mechanism
against the attacks of pest. Allicin has a powerful property, which repels mosquitoes. However,
these most essential extracts are volatile because it evaporates quickly from the skin and once
the scent is gone it has no more effect. Tawatsin, Wratten, Scott, Thavara, & Techadamrongsin
(2001) suggested that vanillin oil can be added to any extract slow down evaporation of scents.
(DUMAY, M. A., PERDIZO, G. Q., & ARCILLA JR, F. E.)

Reference (Alphabetically) : ( hanging indented) APA Format

Journal Amerasinghe, F. et al., (2002). Ecosystems and Vector-Borne Disease Control. Cliggott
Publishing, Division of CMP Healthcare Media.

Dutta, B.K. (2007). Anticandidial Activity of Some Essential Oils of a Mega Biodiversity Hotspot
in India. Biotechnology Division, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India.

50(2):121-4 Trongtokit, Y. (2005). Comparative Repellency of 38 Essential Oils Against Mosquito

Bites. Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand.

19 (4):303-9 Cloyd, R.A. et al., (2009). Effect of Commercially Available Plant-Derived Essential
Oil Products on Arthropod Pests. Department of Entomology.

123 Waters Hall, Kansa State University, Manhattan, KS 665064004, USA. 102(4):1567-79
Heimerdinger, A. et al., (2006).