Fundamentals of

Thermodynamics
Bab 2, Atkins
Dr. Ari Diana Susanti
Historis
► Postulat 1
relates to the transition of a system to the state of equilibrium
► Postulat 2
the internal energy of a system is an extensive quantity
► Postulat 3 – 6 = hukum termodinamika 0 - 3
The zeroth law of thermodynamics
When two systems are in thermal equilibrium, i.e. no heat flows from one system
to the other during their thermal contact, then both systems have the same
temperature.

If system A has the same temperature as system B and system B has the same
temperature as system C, then system A also has the same temperature as
system C.
The first law of thermodynamics

► the symbols and are not total differentials but represent

infinitesimal values of heat Q and work W supplied to the system

► it is impossible to construct any perpetual motion machine of the first type—a

hypothetical machine doing work cyclically without receiving any energy from
the surroundings.
Second law of thermodynamics

► it is impossible to construct a perpetual motion mechanism of the second

type—a hypothetical cyclically working machine that receives heat from its
surroundings and converts it into work without any losses.
The third law of thermodynamics

► At a temperature of 0 K, the entropy of a pure substance in its most stable

crystalline form is zero

► This postulate supplements the second law of thermodynamics by defining the

natural referential value of entropy.
► The third law of thermodynamics implies that a temperature of 0 K cannot be
attained by any process with a finite number of steps.
► Impossibility to attain a temperature of 0 K
 Definition of fundamental
thermodynamic
quantities
T, p, V , n, U, S represent basic thermodynamic functions.
further basic thermodynamic functions: enthalpy, Helmholtz
energy, Gibbs energy, heat capacities and fugacity.

RPS Dasar termodinamika: Kerja, panas, energi dalam, enthalpi dan entropi
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Terminologi

► Sistem
► Lingkungan
► Sistem terisolasi
► Proses eksotermis
► Proses endotermis
Energi dalam = internal energy

► State function
► Internal energy of gas
► Hk. I Termodinamika
► Formulasi:
 Kerja = work
► Kerja ekspansi

► Free expansion

► P konstan

► Ekspansi reversible

► Isotermal, ekspansi reversibel

Panas = heat

► Calorimetry
► Heat capacity
► Constant volume
► Constant pressure
Enthalpy

► If a system exchanges only heat and reversible volume work with its
surroundings during a thermodynamic process

► If this process is isobaric (dp = 0), the change in the enthalpy of a system is
equal to the heat supplied to the system

► Pengukuran perubahan entalpi isobaric calorimetry

Entropi = ΔS

► Akan dibahas lebih lanjut pada chapter 3. sub bab spontaneous change – HK 3
Termodinamika
TUGAS

Buku Atkins

2.2.b
2.3.a
2.6.a
2.8.a
2.14.b