Department of Education

Health 8
Issues and Problems Related
to Human Sexuality
First Quarter – Week 8

Alcer Kenn S. Rongavilla

Writer

Vilma S. Viloria
Paul Gamaliel Aguilar
Validators

Ervin T. Echague
Wilson F. Pascual
Edison C. Enerlas
Division Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

0
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the different issues/concerns of teenagers (i.e., identity cri-
sis) and the need for support and understanding of the family; and
2. Applies decision-making skills in managing sexuality-related issues.

How much do you know about issues and problems related to human sexu-
ality? Find out by answering the following questions.

A. Directions: Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. What is HIV?
a. Human Immuno Virus
b. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
c. Humanitarian Immunity Virus
d. Human Deficiency Virus

2. Hugging someone infected with HIV can pass the virus?

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. All of the above

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases can be prevented?

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. All of the above

4. What pathogen is responsible for Gonorrhea?

a. HIV c. Treponema Pallidum bacterium
b. Herpes Simplex-2 Virus d. Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium

5. Abstinence is the best practice to prevent STDs.

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. Undecided

1
 CROSSWORD PUZZLE on GENDER AND SEXUALITY
B. Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle below using the clues given.

2
Fact or Fiction: Are the following statements true or false?
Write true or false on the space before the number in order to find out
your knowledge in sexually transmitted infections particularly HIV/ AIDS.
When you finish this module, you have to plan on how you can avoid being
infected with HIV/AIDS and live a healthy lifestyle in order to have a healthy
relationship with your family.
1. A person can acquire HIV/ AIDS from using intravenous syringe used
by the infected person
2. Most sexually transmitted infections can be treated and cured with
out medical attention.
3. If an HIV/AIDS woman gives a normal birth to a child, her child may
have a greater chance of being infected too.
4. A person always knows when he or she has a sexually transmitted
infection.
5. People who get sexually transmitted infections have a lot of sex part
ners.
______6. All types of sexually transmitted disease can be cured.
______7. Parental consent is needed before you are treated for a sexually
transmitted disease if you are under 18 years of age.
______8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infected with a sexually trans-
mitted disease and be able to pass it on to someone else.
______9. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time.

What is STIs?
Sexually transmitted infection or STI, also known as sexually- trans-
mitted disease (STD) is a communicable disease that is spread by a pathogen
(disease-causing organism) from one person to another person through sexual
contact. A person who has a sexual relationship with someone who is infected
can get one or more of these diseases. STIs are transmitted through an ex-

3
change of bodily fluids during sexual intercourse. These infections are com-
monly caused by bacteria and viruses. Some STIs can be treated successfully
but many STIs such as HIV/AIDS still have no cure. The good news is, all
STIs can be prevented.
Symptoms of STIs depend on the type of infections. Common symptoms
include discharge from the genitals, warts, blisters or sores in the genital area,
a rash, painful urination, or flu- like symptoms. Some STIs do not have any
signs or symptoms. In fact, one of every 10 people can have STIs but be
asymptomatic. These people are carriers and are very dangerous because they
can transmit an infection without even knowing it.
The only certain way to prevent/to keep from catching these diseases
is by abstinence. Sexual abstinence is the deliberate choice to refrain from all
sexual activity.
COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
AIDS Chlamydia Genital Gonorrhea Syphilis
Herpes
Pathogen Human Im- Chlamydia Herpes Neisseria Treponema
(causative- munodefi- trachomatis Simplex- 2 gonorrhea pallidum
agent) ciency Virus bacterium Virus bacterium bacterium
(HIV)

Long termef- Immune In women, If left Sterility, If left

fects systems failure, pelvic in- untreated, it liver disease, untreated,
severe flammation may testicular mental
illness n with cause disease, illness,
leading to abdominal cervical infection heart and
death,8-10 pain, fever, cancer of heart kidney
years to see menstrual in lining, eye damage,
signs of bleeding, women infections and death
infection, infec- ectopic and for newborn may
result
tion of preg- cause de- leading to
infants nancy. In formities blindness
leading to men, in
death enlarged unborn
lymph babies
glands of
the groin,
infection of
the
testicles.
Infection
during birth
can cause
blindness
or illness in
newborn

4
Preventive Abstinence Abstinence Abstinence Abstinence Abstinence
Measures from sexual from sexual from sexual from sexual from sexual
intercourse intercourse intercourse intercourse intercourse
and from and from and from use and from
use of use of intra- of intravenous use of
intravenous venous drugs intravenous
drugs drugs drugs

What are HIV and AIDS?

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal communicable
disease with no effective treatment or known cure. It is the final stage of in-
fection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When HIV enters
the body, it attacks the body’s immune system. Thus, the body becomes vul-
nerable to opportunistic infections or diseases that develop when the body’s
defense system becomes weak. Among these infections are Kaposi’s sarcoma,
a rare but deadly type of skin cancer, recurrent pneumonia, and toxoplasmo-
sis within the brain.
Early symptoms of infection with HIV may include a rash, sore throat,
fever, and tiredness. Nearly everyone with HIV develops AIDS. People with
AIDS cannot fight off diseases that healthy people could easily resist. Because
AIDS has no cure, people with AIDS eventually die from one of these diseases

.
ACTIVITY 1: DEAL or NO DEAL
Let us deal with how HIV AIDS can be transmitted from one person to
another. The following chart lists ways of acquiring HIV. If the manner is false,
put an X on the No Column meaning no deal, but if the manner is an actual
way of acquiring HIV put an X in the Yes Column meaning we need to deal it.

WAYS OF ACQUIRING HIV YES NO

1. Breastfeeding
2. Handshaking
3. Sharing the eating utensils with someone infected
with HIV.

5
 4. Donating blood with Red Cross
5. Selling blood in blood banks
6. Someone who has HIV who coughs and sneezes
near you
7. Hugging someone with HIV
8. Having unprotected intercourse with someone with
HIV
9. Sharing contaminated syringes, needles or other
sharp instruments with someone infected by HIV
10. Receiving transfusion of blood infected with HIV
11. Sitting in the toilet seat used by the HIV patient
12. Mosquito bites
13. Tattooing using an infected needle
14. Swimming with an HIV infected person
15. Wearing clothes of an infected person

ACTIVITY 2: REDUCING THE RISK OF HIV

Directions: Complete the table below on how to reduce the risk of ac-
quiring HIV using SIM table.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION WAYS TO PREVENT AND
CONTROL

Sexual Contact (Infected Body

Fluids, Blood. Semen).

Injecting drug and sharing in-

fected needles

Maternal transference (Mother

to baby during pregnancy)

6
Activity 3 : SOME THOUGHTS ON ABSTINENCE
Directions: Read the situations carefully and answer the questions that
follow.

Marta, 15 years old, wants to finish her schooling without delay and
give her full attention to helping her parents in their business. She has a
close friend Jonathan, 17 years old, who invited her to attend a party with
their friends. Marta knew that this group of friends has been drinking alcohol
and using drugs. She knows that using drugs and alcohol affects one’s ability
to make decisions regarding sexual behavior. This means that when a person
uses drugs or gets drunk, his/her ability to think clearly and wisely can be
affected. So, he told Jonathan that in order to avoid getting infected with STIs
such as HIV/AIDS they must refrain from doing risky behavior that may
tempt them to have undesirable sexual activities. She was able to convince
Jonathan to stay away from this group of friends who engage in unhealthful
practices. Jonathan realized that abstinence is a good way to avoid getting
into trouble.
Their classmates, Peter and Joanna, have also chosen abstinence. They
promise to abstain from sexual behavior because they would like to keep their
purity until marriage. Instead, they focus on their studies in order to prepare
for their future together.
Racquel does not engage in sexual behavior because she would like to
protect her reputation and that of her family. She believes that risky sexual
behaviors will only bring her shame and guilt.
Apparently, Noemi wanted to abstain from sex because she chose to
obey her parents‟ advice to be modest and respect her body.
All of these young people have different reasons but the end result is
the same- they have chosen abstinence and they are all proud of their deci-
sion.

Guide Question:
1. If you were one of the classmates of Martha, would you accept the party
invitation? Yes/No? Why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you think “abstinence” is important?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

7
ACTIVITY 1: I HAVE LEARNED
Directions: Complete the table below.

I have learned that Human Immuno- I have learned that Human Immu-
deficiency Virus (HIV) can nodeficiency Virus (HIV)
be transmitted by … cannot be transmitted by
1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

ACTIVITY 1: TRACING THE LINK

The drug, the blood, the alcohol connections to STI HIV AIDS.

How does it contribute to the transmission of STI HIV AIDS?

8
Directions: Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.

Dr. Jane Perez is a school physician lecturing about STI HIV AIDS
in Bangkalan National High School and asks the students the following
questions:
“How many of you have seen the effects of drinking alcoholic beverages
or have read the effects of taking dangerous l drugs?” “What is the danger of
using shared syringe in cases of blood
transfusion? “What are the possible harmful effects to people being
tattooed using needles? “Have you donated blood? Or received blood trans-
fusion?
She received varied responses, and she continued asking them.
What are the connections of alcohol, drug abuse, blood donation and
transfusion to STI and HIV/AIDS? Can you give your response? Write your an-
swer on the space provided.

1. How can drinking alcohol can leads to STI/HIV?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the dangers of using shared needles in tattooing, or shared sy-
ringe in injecting drugs?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Have you donated blood? Or received blood transfusion? How does it feel?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. There is a law that covers the proper ways to give and receive blood ser-
vices. It is RA 7719 or the Blood Services act of 1994. What is Blood Ser-
vices Act of 1994 (RA 7719)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Why is it important that blood donors be qualified to donate blood? Can

you relate this law to STI and HIV/AIDS protection and prevention?

ACTIVITY 2: Life Skills in Action

Directions: Common Sense and Good judgment are powerful strategies to
prevent and control STI HIV AIDs. Answer the following questions.

9
 1. How does alcohol affect the people’s judgment in making responsible
sexual behavior?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

2. Why do we need to practice saying NO to behaviors that are risky to

your sexuality?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

3. Explain how you can practice refusal skills to prevent and control STI
HIV/AIDS.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. What pathogen is responsible for Gonorrhea?

a. HIV c. Treponema Pallidum bacterium
b. Herpes Simplex-2 Virus d. Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium

2. What is HIV?
a. Human Immuno Virus
b. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
c. Humanitarian Immunity Virus
d. Human Deficiency Virus

3. Abstinence is the best practice to prevent STDs.

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. Undecided

4. Hugging someone infected with HIV can pass the virus?

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. All of the above

10
5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases can be prevented?
a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. All of the above

6. What do you call the microorganism that causes diseases?

a. Virus c. Blood
b. Pathogen d. Bacteria

7. All people infected with STI/STD have symptoms.

a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. None of the above

8. Which pathogen causes AIDS?

a. Treponema Pallidum bacterium
b. Herpes Simplex-2 Virus
c. HIV
d. Neisseria gonorrhea bacterium
9. Which of these is a symptom of HIV infection?
a. Rash c. Fever
b. Sore throat d. All of the above

10. The risk for HIV/AIDS is tied to behaviors. Which of these behaviors
can put you at risk?
a. Spending time with someone who has AIDS
b. Not wearing latex condoms during sexual intercourse
c. Injecting drugs
d. B and C

11. Your classmate invites you to join him in a party and telling you there
will be food and alcohol present in that event. How are you going to
respond?
a. Joyfully accept the invitation.
b. Invite more classmates to join the party.
c. Refuse and tell your classmate not to join in that event too.
d. All of the above.

12. You see your neighbors doing tattoos to each other, and you observe
that they are using the same needle. What are you going to do?
a. Tell them the risk of sharing needles can cause STD/STI.
b. Go to the barangay hall and let the barangay tanods catch them.
c. Go home and relax.
d. None of the above.
11
13. What pathogen is responsible for Chlamydia?
a. Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium
b. HIV
c. Treponema Pallidum bacterium
d. Herpes Simplex-2 Virus

14. Which kind of infection can a person get if he/she has HIV?
a. Kaposi’s sarcoma
b. Recurrent pneumonia
c. Toxoplasmosis
d. All of the above

15. Does sharing contaminated syringes, needles, or other sharp instru-

ments with someone infected by HIV transmit the virus?
a. Yes c. Maybe
b. No d. None of the above

12
 13
Activities Pre-Test Looking
15. A
1. B
14. D Activity 1 2. B Back
13. A 1. Yes 3. A 1. True
12. A 2. No 2. False
4. D
11. C 3. No 3. True
5. A
10. D 4. No 4. False
9. D 5. No Crossword 5. True
8. C 6. No 1. Human Sexuality 6. False
7. B 7. No 2. Gender Equality 7. True
6. B 8. Yes 3. Practicing Well- 8. True
5. A 9. Yes ness 9. True
4. B 10. Yes 4. Gender Role
3. A 11. No 5. Refusal Skills
2. B 12. No 6. Assessing Health
1. D 13. Yes 7. Sex
8. Virgin
Post-Test 14. No
9. Gender
15. No 10.Decision Making
First Edition, 2013 ISBN: 978-971-9990
Physical Education and Health - Grade 8 Learner’s Module
References