Language and Spelling 5

Ms. Tanya B. Francisco

Ms. Jeraldine R.
Gonzales
St. Theresa’s College,
Q.C.
Take a
look at
2
these! 

3
I am a woman of good
character Because I am a
Theresian
I am a woman of good
character because I am a
Theresian
CLAUSES
 CLAUSE
- It is a group of words
that only has a subject
AND a verb.

5
- On its own, a clause
DOESN’T have an
end mark (period,
question mark, or
exclamation point).
There are TWO (2)
TYPES OF CLAUSES:

1. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
2. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
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 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
- An independent clause is a
group of words that CAN
stand alone as a sentence.

9
- It always expresses
a COMPLETE
thought.
 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE

- It’s also called a “main clause”.

11
- If you add a period, a question
mark, or an exclamation point at
the end of an independent clause, it
will look like a complete sentence
already.
EXAMPLES
13
 EXAMPLES

Kei shows compassion for

others Kei shows compassion

LEGEND:
pink - subject
14 blue - verb
 EXAMPLES
for others

LEGEND:
pink - subject
15 blue - verb
She is teeming with

kindness. She is teeming

with kindness.
 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
- To join two (2) independent clauses
together, you need to make use of
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
or your F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

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 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
What does F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. stand for?
F – or
A–
nd N
– or B
– ut O
–rY
– et
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
S–o
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 INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
How will a sentence look like if
it has two (2) independent
clauses that are JOINED
TOGETHER ?
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
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 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
It may look something like any of these three (3):

1. independent clause . + independent clause

Don’t forget the period here.
OR

2. independent clause , C.C. + independent clause

Don’t forget the comma here. Don’t forget the C.C./coordinating
conjunction here.

OR
3. independent clause ; + independent clause
Don’t forget the semi-colon here. 19
 EXAMPLES
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE #1:
We give witness with gratitude

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE #2:

We live life in joyful faith

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 LET’S JOIN
THEM TOGETHER!
1. We give witness with gratitude. We live life in
joyful faith.
2. We give witness with gratitude, and we live
life in joyful faith.
3. We give witness with gratitude; we live life
in joyful faith.
1. We give witness with gratitude. We live life in
joyful
faith. Don’t forget the period here.

2. We give witness with gratitude, and we live

life in joyful faith. Don’t forget the Don’t forget the C.C./coordinating
comma here. conjunction here.
3. We give witness with gratitude; we live life in
joyful faith.
D emi-colon here.
o
n
’
t

f
o
r
g
e
t

t
h
e

s
DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
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 DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
- A dependent clause CANNOT
stand by itself.

- It has an INCOMPLETE thought.

It always lacks
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DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
details/information.

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- It is also called a
“subordinate clause”.
 DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
- A dependent clause always
starts with a subordinating
conjunction.

- The first word in a dependent

clause is always a subordinating
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 DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
conjunction.

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COMMONLY USED
SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
after, before, because, since, as,
though, although, even though,
whenever, whether, until, when,
where, if, even if, that, so that,
unless, till, etc.
EXAMPLES
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 EXAMPLES

As we live in uncertain times

As we live in uncertain times

LEGEND:
pink – subject
blue – verb
red – subordinating
31 conjunction
Because hope strengthens

us Because hope
strengthens us
 NOTE:
Unlike independent
clauses, two (2)
dependent clauses
CAN’T be joined
together in a sentence.
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 IMPORTANT
THINGS
TO REMEMBER
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 CLAUSE
When an independent
clause and a dependent
clause are JOINED
TOGETHER, they will form a
COMPLETE SENTENCE.
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 CLAUSE
It may look something like any of these
two (2):
1. independent clause + dependent
clause OR
2. dependent clause , + independent
Don’t forget the comma here.
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 CLAUSE
clause

Don’t forget the comma here.

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 CLAUSE
When two (2)
independent clauses are
PUT TOGETHER, they will
also form a COMPLETE
SENTENCE.
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 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
It may look something like any of these three (3):

1. independent clause . + independent clause

Don’t forget the period here.
OR

2. independent clause , C.C. + independent clause

Don’t forget the comma here. Don’t forget the C.C./coordinating
conjunction here.

OR
3. independent clause ; + independent clause
Don’t forget the semi-colon here. 38
 REFERENCES/SOURCES:
◎ https://www.slidescarnival.com/hecate-free-presentation-template/1828#

◎ Learning and Intensifying English (LIFE) Today 5 by Virginia Antonio

◎ Learning and Intensifying English (LIFE) 5 Today Skill Book by Virginia Antonio

◎ CliffsNotes Writing: Grammar, Usage, and Style Quick Review, 3rd Edition (Cliffs
Quick Review (Paperback)) 3rd Edition by Claudia Reinhardt and Jean Eggenschwiler

◎ https://www.cnm.edu/depts/tutoring/tlc/documents/264-Indep_DepClauses-C.pdf

◎ https://www.lakeheadu.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/104/Writing-Centre/For-
Students/Phrases-and-Clauses.pdf

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