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A1 + 2 Zachman model & SDLC / Zachmanmodel & SOLS 21
INSTRUCTIONS: INSTRUKSIES:
This paper consists of two sections: Section Die vraestel bestaan uit twee afdelings:
A (Theory) and Section B (Modelling). Afdeling A (Teorie) en Afdeling B (Modellering).
Both sections should be completed. Beide afdelings moet voltooi word.
Section A should be completed in an Afdeling A moet in ʼn Universiteits-
University answer book. antwoordboek gedoen word.
Section B should be completed on the Afdeling B moet op die verskafde gedrukte
provided printed answer sheet. antwoordblad gedoen word.
This question paper should be submitted with Die vraestel moet saam met die antwoordboek
the answer book and printed answer sheet. en gedrukte antwoordblad ingedien word.
Questions: / Vrae:
1. The adapted Zachman matrix, following this question, applies. Copy the
numbers 1.1 to 1.6 to your answer book and complete the matrix. / Die
aangepaste Zachman-matriks wat na hierdie vraag volg, het betrekking. Kopieer
die nommers 1.1 tot 1.6 in u antwoordboek en voltooi die matriks. (6)
Project
Management Zachman's
Life Cycle / FAST SDLC Stages / Deliverables / Analysis level Perspectives /
Projek- FAST SOLS-fases Aflewerbares / Analisevlak Zachman se
bestuur- perspektiewe
lewensiklus
Program Code +
1.3 … database / Programkode
+ databasis
Final system +
As Built / Soos
User Manual +
Installation & Delivery / Gebou
Training Manual / Finale
Installering &
stelsel + 1.5 …
Aflewering
gebruikershandleiding +
Opleidingshandleiding
System Operation &
Closure / Maintenance / Change Requests, etc. / Functioning /
Afsluiting Stelselwerking & Veranderingsaansoek Funksioneel
Onderhoud
2. As part of the systems development lifecycle one can decide between various
methodologies available to develop an information system. Redraw the table
below (based on some of these methodologies) in your answer book and
complete it. / As deel van die stelselontwikkelingslewensiklus kan mens tussen
verskeie beskikbare metodologieë besluit om ʼn inligtingstelsel te ontwikkel.
Teken die onderstaande tabel (gebaseer op sommige van hierdie metodologieë)
oor in u antwoordboek en voltooi dit. (15)
(2 marks/punte)
Advantages (List at Easy to manage Test plan is in Every iteration
least two / Voordele (Lys large and complex place by the time development is a
ten minste twee) projects when the the system is complete software
requirements and developed project
scope can be Each level of Short cycles (1-4
clearly defined and testing is clearly weeks)
don’t keep linked to a part of Development team
changing the analysis and adapt to current
Can be outsourced design phase business
Produces robust High quality testing environment
documentation Maximise test
effectiveness (2 marks/punte)
(2 marks/punte) (2 marks/punte)
Disadvantages (List at Requirements and Not appropriate for Documentation
least one / Nadele (Lys design changes dynamic and modelling is
ten minste een) causes complexity, development as ignored
lead to rework setting up the test
Success of project specifications are
depends on the time consuming
success of each
previous stage
hierdie vier toetse en verskaf ook een vraag wat by elke toets gevra kan word.
o Technical feasibility – Can we build it? (2)
o Organizational feasibility – If we build it, will they come? (2)
o Schedule feasibility – How reasonable is the project timeline? (2)
o Economic feasibility – Should we build it? (2)
a. When you need to determine how long it would take you to earn back the
money spent on an information systems project e.g. how long will it take to
recover the money spent on the development or upgrading of a new
system? (Compares income that will be generated with initial investment.) (3)
b. The current value of the currency (in Rand) at any time in future. (2)
c. Return on investment = Estimated average profits/estimates average
investment * 100. (2)
5. Are the following statements true or false? Answer the question by writing down
only the question number and “True” or “False” next to it. / Is die volgende
stellings waar of vals? Antwoord die vraag deur slegs die vraagnommer en
“Waar” of “Vals” langs dit te skryf.
a. As a requirements elicitation technique, an interview could be used in a
formal or informal way. / ʼn Onderhoud kan as ʼn behoeftebepalings-
tegniek op ʼn formele of informele wyse gebruik word. (1)
b. A requirements workshop is a very unstructured technique used to elicit
requirements, involving all the stakeholders of a project. / ʼn
Behoeftebepalingswerkswinkel is ʼn baie ongestruktureerde tegniek wat
gebruik word om behoeftes te bepaal deur al die belanghebbendes in die
projek te betrek. (1)
c. “Job shadowing” is another name for the observation elicitation
technique. / “Job shadowing” is ʼn ander naam vir die
waarnemingsbehoeftebepalingstegniek. (1)
d. Questionnaires offer a quick way of gathering information from a large
group, but are unfortunately very expensive. / Vraelyste verskaf ʼn
vinnige manier om inligting by groot groepe in te samel, maar is
ongelukkig baie duur. (1)
a. True / Waar (1)
b. False / Vals (1)
c. True / Waar (1)
d. False/ Vals (1)
Read the case study and complete questions 1 and 2 that follow.
Stickies is an online store that specialises in the selling of custom made labels/stickers which
can be used to label just about everything - from kids’ lunch boxes, bottles and clothing, to
food containers and birthday presents. The owner, Mrs Sticks, has come up with her
requirements for a system and has asked you to model these.
When you go to the Stickies website, you should be able to browse all their available
products (labels/stickers) under different categories, such as kids labels; home and gift
labels; reward labels; birthday party labels; and allergy labels. For each product category
there are various products (labels/stickers), e.g. the kids labels category includes labels
such as bag tags; small rectangular labels; large rectangular labels; small circle labels; large
circle labels; bottle labels; pencil labels; book labels; etc. while the home and gifts category
includes labels such as gift labels; address labels; kitchen labels; freezer labels; and linen
sorters. Every product has a specified size, a number sold per pack, as well as a price per
pack. Customers can at any point decide to order a specific product. For each product the
customer should be able to customise the label to his/her preferences, before s/he orders it.
To customise a product, the customer needs to: capture the text s/he requires on the label;
select a font for the text; select a background colour for the label; and select a graphic set,
which consists of a few different graphics, to go onto the label. S/he then needs to indicate
the number of labels needed with the specified specifications, before s/he can add the
product to his/her basket. Once all the products needed are designed and added to the
basket, the customer should be able to open the basket and choose to finalise the order.
For this to take place, the customer is required to login to the site.
Once logged in, the customer should be able to view the items in his/her basket, the
quantities s/he is about to order of each product, as well as the price per item and total
outstanding. At this point s/he should be allowed to still make some changes to these items,
until s/he is satisfied with the order. To place the order, the customer has to submit it and
the system needs to show the customer’s delivery address which has been saved on the
system. The customer can then either confirm this address, or enter a new delivery address
which will be saved for future purposes. Delivery options are either through a courier at an
additional R80 per order, or via the post, office which will add an additional R20 to the order.
The system has to calculate the amount due for delivery and display the order and the total
outstanding (including the delivery). The customer can now choose a payment method,
which could either be by credit card, and/or via direct deposit, and/or using a promotional
code.
On choosing the credit card option, the system redirects the customer to the PayPal system
to finalise his/her payment. Only once the PayPal payment is authorised the order will be
placed and the payment status of the order should be updated to “paid”. An email should
then be sent to the operations manager of Stickies to inform her that a new order has been
placed. At this point a customer should no longer be allowed to make any changes to
his/her order.
On choosing the direct deposit option, the order still gets sent through to the operations
manager of Stickies, but with a “not paid” payment status. In such a case, the customer first
needs to send through a proof of payment, before the operations manager can change the
payment status of the order to “paid” and the order is put into the printing queue. A
promotional code could also be entered by the customer when finalising his/her order to
qualify for the discount linked to such a code. These codes are only valid for a specific time
period.
First time customers first have to register on the site, to obtain a username and password.
This username and password is also sent to the customer via email for future use. Logged-
in customers are also able to view and change their personal information on the system.
This includes: title; first name; surname; contact numbers; e-mail; delivery address; whether
they would want to join the Stickies mailing list; username; password; and birthday
reminders which could be set for up to six family birthdays (the day and month of the
birthday is saved, and the site needs to remind the customer 6 weeks in advance that the
birthday is coming up and that the customer needs to order their birthday party labels from
Stickies).
The system should also be able to show a logged in customer the status of his/her current
orders, as well as a history of his/her previous orders, and allow him/her to re-order previous
orders with the click of a button. On clicking the re-order button, the system has to add all
products ordered in the previous order, to the current basket.
The following are some examples of a prototype which another systems development team
has already constructed for Mrs Sticky, and which you can use to model the system:
Personal information screen:
The customer basket screen showing all ordered products for the current order:
The turnaround time for processing an order at Sitckies is normally two weeks after the final
order has been placed. The operations manager should be able to view all the orders that
still needs to be completed (which have both a “paid” and a “not paid” payment status). An
order will have a print job for every set of labels ordered. The operations manager will have
to use the system to send these print jobs to the printer. Once a job is sent to the printer, the
job’s status should automatically be updated to “in progress”. On completion, the job status
should change to “printed” and the system needs to generate a slip on the details of the job
printed (order number, job number, type and quantity of stickers), which the operations
manager can then use to pack the labels for a complete customer order. All the prints (jobs)
for a specific order are placed into an envelope or delivery bag together with the completion
slips for each printed set. On completion of all jobs for an order, the status of the order as a
whole should automatically be updated to “completed”. The operations manager should
then be able to use the system to print an address label, with the delivery address on it, for
the specific order. He then hands it over to the administrator who is responsible for posting
all the orders. Based on the type of delivery option selected by the customer, she then has
to sort the orders for delivery and update the status of the completed orders on the system to
“sent for delivery”. She then needs to phone the courier company to come and collect the
orders, and she places the orders ready for collection in a filing rack. Orders to be posted
are taken to the post office to be posted. As soon as the order status is updated to “sent for
delivery”, the customer will receive a SMS to notify him/her that his/her order is on its way.
The customer should be able to log onto the Stickies web site to view the status of their
order at any time.
Afrikaans
Stickies is ʼn aanlyn-winkel wat spesialiseer in die verkoop van selfgemaakte
etikette/plakkers wat gebruik kan word om byna enige iets te merk – van kinderkosblikke, tot
bottels en klere, voedselhouers en verjaarsdagpersente. Die eienaar, Mev. Sticks, het met
haar behoeftes vir ʼn stelsel vorendag gekom en het u gevra om dit te modelleer.
As die kliënt aangeteken is, moet hy/sy in staat wees om na al die items wat in sy/haar
mandjie is, asook die hoeveelhede wat van elke produk bestel is, die prys van elke item, en
die totaal wat verskuldig is, te kyk. Op hierdie stadium moet hy/sy nog toegelaat word om
veranderinge aan hierdie items aan te bring, tot hy/sy tevrede is met die bestelling. Om die
bestelling te plaas moet die kliënt dit indien en die stelsel moet die kliënt se
afleweringsadres, wat op die stelsel gestoor is, vertoon. Die kliënt kan sy adres dan
bevestig, of ʼn nuwe afleweringsadres insleutel wat gestoor moet word vir toekomstige
gebruik. Aflewerings kan per koerier plaasvind teen ʼn addisionele R80 per bestelling, of
deur die poskantoor, in welke geval ʼn addisionele R20 per bestelling bygevoeg sal word.
Die stelsel moet die bedrag verskuldig vir aflewering vertoon, asook die bestelling en die
totale bedrag uitstaande vir die bestelling (insluitend die aflewering). Die kliënt kan nou ʼn
betaalmetode selekteer, wat òf kredietkaart, en/òf direkte deposito, en/òf die gebruik van
ʼn promosie-kode kan insluit.
Indien die kredietkaart-opsie gekies word, word die kliënt herlei na die PayPal-stelsel om
sy/haar betaling te finaliseer. Slegs sodra die PayPal-betaling goedgekeur is, sal die
bestelling geplaas word en die betaalstatus van die bestelling opgedateer word na “betaal”.
ʼn Epos moet dan na die bedryfsbestuurder van Stickies gestuur word om haar in kennis te
stel dat ʼn nuwe bestelling geplaas is. Op hierdie stadium moet die kliënt nie meer toegelaat
word om enige veranderinge aan sy/haar bestelling aan te bring nie.
As die direkte deposito-opsie gekies word, moet die bestelling steeds deurgestuur word na
die bedryfsbestuurder van Stickies, maar hierdie keer met ʼn “nie betaal”-betaalstatus by. In
so ʼn geval moet die kliënt eers ʼn bewys van betaling deurstuur, voor die bedryfsbestuurder
die betaalstatus van die bestelling kan opdateer na “betaal” en die bestelling in die druk-lyn
geplaas kan word. ʼn Promosie-kode kan ook ingesleutel word as die kliënt sy/haar
bestelling finaliseer, ten einde te kwalifiseer vir die afslag wat aan so ʼn kode gekoppel is.
Hierdie kodes is slegs geldig vir ʼn sekere tydperk.
Kliënte wat vir die eerste keer by Stickies wil bestel, moet op die webblad registreer, ten
einde ʼn gebruikersnaam en wagwoord te bekom. Kliënte wat aangeteken is, is ook in staat
om hul eie persoonlike inligting op die stelsel te besigtig en te verander. Dit sluit in: titel;
voornaam; van; kontaknommers; e-pos; afleweringsadres; of hulle bygevoeg wil word op die
Stickies-poslys; gebruikersnaam; wagwoord en verjaarsdagherinnerings wat opgestel kan
word vir tot ses familie-verjaarsdae (die dag en maand van die verjaarsdag word gestoor, en
die stelsel moet die kliënt dan 6 weke voor die verjaarsdag herinner dat dit amper tyd is vir
die verjaarsdag en dat die kliënt sy/haar verjaarsdagplakkers by Stickies moet bestel).
Die stelsel moet ook in staat wees om vir ʼn aangetekende kliënt die status van sy/haar
huidige bestellings te wys, asook die geskiedenis van sy/haar vorige bestellings, en
hom/haar toelaat om vorige bestellings met slegs die druk van ʼn knoppie weer te kan plaas.
Wanneer die herbestellingsknoppie gedruk word, moet die stelsel al die produkte wat in die
vorige bestelling bestel is, in die huidige mandjie byvoeg.
Vervolgens ʼn paar voorbeelde van ʼn prototipe wat ʼn ander stelselontwikkelaarspan reeds vir
Mev. Sticks opgestel het en wat u kan gebruik om die stelsel te modelleer:
Persoonlike inligtingskerm:
Die klient-mandjie-skerm, wat al die produkte wat vir die huidige bestelling bygevoeg
is, wys:
Dit neem Stickies gewoonlik 2 weke om ʼn bestelling te verwerk nadat dit geplaas is. Die
bedryfsbestuurder moet in staat wees om al die bestellings wat nog afgehandel moet word
(wat beide ʼn “betaal” of ʼn “nie betaal”-betaalstatus het) te sien. ʼn Bestelling sal ʼn
drukopdrag vir elke stel plakkers op ʼn bestelling hê. Die bedryfsbestuurder sal die stelsel
moet kan gebruik om hierdie drukopdragte na die drukker te stuur. Sodra ʼn drukopdrag na
die drukker gestuur is, moet die opdrag se status outomaties opgedateer word na “in
proses”. Wanneer die opdrag afgehandel is, moet die opdrag-status verander word na
“gedruk” en die stelsel moet ʼn strokie druk wat die details van die opdrag wat gedruk is
insluit (bestellingnommer, opdragnommer, tipe en hoeveelheid van plakkers), wat die
bedryfsbestuurder kan gebruik om die plakkers vir die hele kliëntbestelling te pak. Al die
plakkers (opdragte) vir ʼn spesifieke bestelling word in ʼn koevert of ʼn afleweringsak geplaas,
saam met die opdragstrokies vir elke gedrukte stel. Sodra al die drukopdragte vir ʼn
bestelling afgehandel is, moet die status van die bestelling as geheel outomaties opgedateer
word na “afgehandel”. Die bedryfsbestuurder moet dan in staat wees om die stelsel te kan
gebruik om die adresplakker met die afleweringsadres vir die spesifieke bestelling te kan
druk. Hy gee dit dan vir die administrateur wat verantwoordelik is vir die pos van al die
bestellings. Afhangend van die tipe afleweringsmetode wat die kliënt gekies het, moet sy die
bestellings sorteer en die status van die afgehandelde bestelling op die stelsel opdateer na
“gestuur vir aflewering”. Sy moet die koerier-firma dan skakel om die pakkies te kom afhaal
en sy plaas die bestellings wat gereed is vir afhaal in ʼn liaseerrak. Bestellings wat gepos
moet word, word na die poskantoor geneem. Sodra die bestelling se status verander is na
“gestuur vir aflewering”, sal die kliënt ʼn SMS ontvang wat hom/haar inlig dat sy/haar
bestelling op pad is. Die kliënt moet op enige tydstip op die stelsel kan aanteken om na die
status van sy/haar bestelling te kyk.
1. Complete the systems analysis use case diagram for the case study on the (20)
printed mark sheet provided. / Voltooi die stelselontledings-‘use case’-diagram
vir die gevallestudie op die gedrukte antwoordblad.
Memo:
1.4 Re-order
previous order
Client / Kliënt (PBA)
+
+ PayPal System / Stelsel (ESA)
«uses» 1.6 Finalise order
1.8 View order
details and history «uses»
«uses»
«uses»
1.7 Update
1.5 Login
personal details
+<initiates>
2.4 Generate
Operations Manager (PBA) address labels
+<initiates>
2. Use this case study to draw an ERD (in 3NF) that will represent the data stored (20)
by the “Online Ordering” sub system. / Gebruik die gevallestudie en teken ʼn
EVD (in 3NF), wat die data voorstel wat deur die “Aanlyn-Bestel”-substelsel
gestoor word.
Memo:
Promotional Code
PK Code_ID
Code
Start_Date
End_Date
Birthday_Reminder Order_Payment_Method
Delivery Type PK,FK1 Order_ID
PK Birthday_Reminder_ID
PK Delivery_Type_ID PK,FK2 Payment_Method_ID
Name
Day Name Amount
Month Price FK3 Code_ID
FK1 Customer_ID
Font Colour
PK Font_ID PK Colour_ID