Reviewer In Philippine Contemporary Arts
Arts
– from the Greek word Ars which means skill. ; Art is
human ingenuity in adapting things to man’s use, an
extension or expression of man
Principles of Art
1. Harmony – unity; all elements of an art are put
together to come up with a coherent whole
2. Balance – Physical Equilibrium, stability
A. Formal – symmetrical balance, 1
B. Informal – left and right, though not identical,
represent even distribution of weight
3. Rhythm – Repetitive pattern or succession of similar
or identical items
4. Proportion – comparative relationship of different
parts in relation to the whole
5. Emphasis – proper importance to one or more parts
of the thing or the whole thing itself
Genres of Art
1. Visual Arts – arts perceived by the eyes
A. Graphics Art – visual arts with length and width; two
dimensional
B. Plastic Arts – arts with length, width and volume;
three dimensional
2. Audio Visual – arts perceived by both eyes and ears,
also called performing arts
3. Literary Arts – presented in writing and intended to
be read
4. Combined Arts – combination of two or more form of
arts
Elements of the Visual Arts
1. Lines- a series of connected dots or a prolongation of
a point to show the shape or form of any piece of art
2. Color – the aspect of the appearance of objects and
light source that may describe in terms of hue, lightness
and saturation for light source
3. Texture- associated with the sense of touch
4. Shape- is the form or outline of an object
5. Space- the area or surface occupied by the artwork
6. Space- the area or surface occupied by the artwork
7. Volume- the amount of space occupied by an object
in three dimensional
8. Perspective- synonymous with point of view, angle of
vision or frame of reference
9. Forms- refers to the overall composition of the
artwork. It describe the entire shape or organization of
the thing or object created.
Mediums
Tempera – Ground Pigments mixed with albuminous or
colloidal vehicle (egg yolk, glue)
Oil – Pigments mixed with linseed oil
Fresco – earth pigments mixed with water and applied
to fresh plaster, Italian of Fresh; Buon Fresco –wet
plaster, Fresco Secco-Dry Plaster
Water color – Pigment mixed with water and applied to
fine white paper
Pastel – dry pigments bound to form crayons, applied
directly
Acrylic – synthetic paints mixed with a vehicle capable
of being thinned with water
Encaustic – Pigments mixed with wax bind to a wooden
panel or wall
MUSIC- is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch
to produce a coherent composition that is melodious,
harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and
emotions 36.
A. Elements of Music
a. Pitch- is the relative highness or lowness
of a tone.
b. Volume or Intensity- is the loudness or
softness of a sound.
c. Tempoor Rate- is the speed of a
composition or any of its sections.
d. Duration- is the length of time during which
a sounds is produced Some sounds are
longer than the others
e. Timbre- is the quality of sounds that makes
it distinct from the other sounds
f. Texture-Is the number of tones expected to
be apprehended simultaneously
B. Kinds of Music
According to Boethius, the most
eloquent music writer of the Middle Ages,
there are three types of music.
a. Musica Mundane - proportions in the
movements of celestial bodies
the Sun, Moon, and planets as a form
of music; kind of music created by the
environment/ nature.
Ex. chirping of birds, ocean waves,
blowing of winds
b. Musica Humana -the internal music of the
human body;
Ex. the voice of Pavarotti, acapella, the
voice of any singer
c. Musica Instrumentalis – music created by
musical instruments
Ex. gong, violin, guitar
C. Classification of Musical Instrument
a. String/Stringed Instruments-as their
name suggests, have strings which are
either plucked or bowed.
Ex. Banjo, Guitar, Violin
b. Wind Instruments- As their name
suggests, require wind to produce sounds
so they are blown
Ex. Bassoon, Oboe, Saxophone
c. Percussion Instruments- Are beaten or
struck examples are drums
Ex.Castanets, Cymbals
d. Keyboard Instruments As their name
suggests, have keys which are pressed to
produce the desired sounds
Ex.Celesta, Piano
DANCE-is a form of art using rhythmic bodily
movements expressing ideas and emotions and
accompanied by music
A. Elements of Dance
a. Dancer – he/she is the performer, there
won’t be dance without him/her
b. Choreography – he does the overall
design of the dance
c. Design – planned organization or pattern
of movements in time and space
d. Subject – is the message of the dance
e. Movements – are classified into steps,
gestures, and facial expressions
f. Technique – is the style or way of
executing the movements
g. Costumes – the things worn by the
dancers during their performance
h. Properties – more commonly called props,
the things carried by the dancers as they
perform
i. Set Design – is the setting or the
background that indicates the place of
action for the dancers.
B. Kinds of Dance
a. Folk or ethnic dances are those
performed by members of a tribe or ethnic
groups to conduct their day-to-day
activities.
Ex.Maglalatik, Itik-itik, Singkil
b. Social or ballroom dance-A re those
performed by pairs or groups in ballrooms
or dance halls to socialize.
Ex.Boogie, Nae-nae, Pole Dancing
 Reviewer In Philippine Contemporary Arts
c. Spectacular or theatrical dances-Are
those performed on stage as a spectacle to
entertain the audience.
Ex. Ballet, Gymnastics
Literature-a body of written works; traditionally been
applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose
distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the
perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. It is an
art that is presented in writing and intended to be read

Kinds of Literature
A. Poetry-Is that board genre of literature that is written
in stanza form.
Elements of Poetry
a.Measure-Involves the counting of the number of
lines and stanzas and the number of syllables and
feet
b.Rhythm-Is the regular succession of accented
and unaccented syllables in a line.
c.Rhyme- Is the presence of words that have similar
or identical final sounds
d.Imagery-Is the creation of a picture or pictures by
using words that appeal to the senses
B. Prose- It is a broad genre of literature that is written
in paragraph form.
Sculpture
A three dimensional and representational art in solid
form
Kinds of Scupture
Round Sculpture three dimensional and capable of
being viewed on all sides
Relief Sculpture attached to a surface, classified as
High or Low relief
Method of Scupture
Carving – Subtractive process
Granite
Wood
Molding – Forming the image manually
Wax
Glass
Additive – Material is added
Sand
Clay
Assemblage – installation of materials
Machineries
Appliances