Lecture 4

CE 203
Civil Engineering Materials
Dr. Abdulrahman K. Yussef

Chairman of the Architectural Engineering Department

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 • Physical vs. Mechanical
Today Properties
• Characteristic Behavior Under
Stress
• Success of engineering work

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 Physical Properties

Weathering Water Frost Thermal Fire

Density resistance Permeability resistance Durability Others…
capacity resistance

Thermal
Frost Resistance
Capacity

Mechanical Properties

Strength Hardness Elasticity Plasticity Others…

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Video Illustrations

• Physical Properties of Materials

Ø https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mbf8oGnemjw

• Mechanical Properties of Material (3D Animation)

Ø https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ndoz9hPVA8

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Characteristic Behavior Under Stress

• The main characteristics of CE materials under stress are ductility,

brittleness, stiffness, flexibility, toughness, malleability, and hardness.

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Characteristic Behavior Under Stress

• Ductility:
• A measure of a material's ability to
undergo significant plastic deformation
before rupture or breaking.
• Example: copper and wrought iron.
• Brittle materials have little or no plasticity.
They fail suddenly without warning.
ØExamples: Cast iron, stone, brick and
concrete are comparatively brittle
materials having a considerable
amount of plasticity.
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 Characteristic Behavior Under Stress

Stiffness:
• Stiffness is an indicator of the tendency
for an element to return to its original
form after being subjected to a force.
• Stiff materials have a high modulus of
elasticity permitting small deformation
for a given load.
• Flexible materials on the other hand
have low modulus of elasticity and bend
considerably without breakdown.
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Characteristic Behavior Under Stress

• Toughness depends upon strength and flexibility.

• Malleable materials can be hammered into sheets without rupture. It

depends upon ductility and softness of material. Copper is the most
malleable material.

• Hard materials resist scratching and denting, for example cast iron and
chrome steel. Materials resistant to abrasion such as manganese are also
known as hard materials.

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Success of engineering work

Quality

Durability Economically

Goals
Sustainability
achievement

Safety Success Aesthetically

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• Thus, engineers should understand the materials they use
and their properties and behaviors.

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HW 1. Answer the following questions and type in your answers.
Submit (PDF) to Blackboard before 11 am on 20/9.
l. Answer the following questions:
(a) Why is it important to study the properties of building materials?
(b) List and define the physical properties of building materials.

2. Answer the following questions:

(a) What are the factors influencing the choice of a building material?
(b) Why is it important to make standards for building materials?

3. Define the following:

(a) Density (b) Durability (c) Porosity (d) Malleability

4. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Heat conductivity
(b) Selection of building materials
(c) Fire resistive materials

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