Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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English for Academic and Professional Purposes- Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Different Academic Texts
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploration of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc. are owned by the respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek permission to us these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
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11/12
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
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the lesson learned. This also tends retention
Additional Activities of learned concepts.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Academic Texts. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
4. These are written for readers who have expert knowledge of a topic.
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6. This kind of academic paper you will probably have to write longer texts at
postgraduate level.
A. Case Study B. Reports C. Dissertations and theses D. Articles
C. An account of how this changed over the period of time under investigation
10.These help teachers to see what students have learnt and how deeply.
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What’s In
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What’s New
Vocabulary Development
The following words are being defined for your better understanding.
Context: The situation within which a thing exists or occurs, and that can help
explain it.
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What is It
Textbooks
Textbooks are specifically designed to help the learner. For example, they might
have summaries or review quizzes. Textbooks vary in style, tone and level
depending on their audience. They are a good place to start when learning about a
new topic.
Student essays vary in length and formality, but they usually contain three
sections: Introduction, Main body, Conclusion. They usually need to include
citation of sources. Essays help teachers to see what students have learnt and how
deeply. Try to read examples of student essays in your discipline to become more
familiar with what is expected of you.
You will probably have to write longer texts at postgraduate level. Longer texts
include dissertations (typically 10,000 to 20,000 words) at Master's level, and
theses (typically 60,000 to 80,000 words) at Doctor's level (PhD). These texts are
the result of a long period of reading, research and reflection – perhaps several
months or years. The structure and style varies across disciplines but is likely to
include the following:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Research Design/Methodology
Results/Findings
Discussion/Interpretation
Recommendations
Conclusion
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Research articles
Literature review
Background to the research and method
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix (optional) to give information such as tables of raw data from the
research
Case studies
Case studies may be found in any discipline, though they are most common in
disciplines such as business, sociology and law. They are primarily descriptive. A
typical structure is as follows:
Context (what is the focus, where, when?)
An account of how this changed over the period of time under investigation
Headings help the audience work through the text
Reports
Introduction
Discussion/Evaluation
Conclusion
https://eas.epigeum.com/courses/eas/45/course_files/html/uta_3_10.html
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II. Analyzing text: Different kinds/ types of academic texts, audience
and purpose
The term 'genre' refers to the typical structure and organizational patterns of a text,
its intended audience and its purpose.
All texts are written to communicate with a specific audience – this audience could
be experts, or it could be newcomers to the topic. The audience becomes part of a
community when interacting with the genre, based partly on what they expect from
it and their understanding of its purpose.
You will be able to manage your studies more effectively when you have developed a
good understanding of the main types of text you will read (and listen to), as well as
those you need to write (and speak).
What’s More
Read the four text extracts. In the questions which follow, you will be asked to
identify the Kind of academic text, Audience and main Purpose ('K – A – P') of each
text. Choose one of the possible answers, then write your answer on a separate
paper. Remember that you do not have to understand every word of the texts – just
focus on identifying the K – A – P.
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Text 1
Essential Questions:
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Text 2
What are the main effects of the global financial crisis of 2007-8? Discuss
with reference to at least two sectors of the global economy.
The global financial crisis of 2007-8 has had a number of major interrelated effects.
These effects are important and wide-ranging. This global financial crisis was
arguably the most major crises of its type since the great depression of the 1920s
and 1930s (Crotty 2009), and was caused by various factors including the US sub-
prime lending phenomenon, high consumer debt in many of the major advanced
economies, and banking practices. This essay examines the most serious effects
following the crisis and argues that their impact was not only financial and
economic but also social and environmental (Peters, Marland, Le Quere, Boden,
Canadell & Raupach 2012).
First and foremost the crisis was financial, but it was also social. In other words,
the impacts were felt by ordinary people in serious ways. For instance, there was a
significant tightening in the lending behaviour of banks in western economies,
particularly the USA and the UK. Many people were no longer able to get loans to
buy houses, with access to credit made more difficult.
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Text III
Many of the world's greatest grasslands have long been grazed by wild animals,
such as the bison of North America or the large game of East Africa, but the
introduction of pastoral economies also affects their nature and productivity
(Figure 2.7) (Coupland, 1979).
Light grazing may increase the productivity of wild pastures (Warren and Maizels,
1976). Nibbling, for example, can encourage the vigor and growth of plants, and in
some species, such as the valuable African grass, Themeda triandra, the removal of
the coarse, dead stems permits succulent sprouts to shoot. Likewise the seeds of
some plant species are spread efficiently by being carried in cattle guts, and then
placed in favorable seedbeds of dung or trampled into the soil surface. Moreover,
the passage of herbage through the gut and out as feces modifies the nitrogen
cycle, so that grazed pastures tend to be richer in nitrogen than ungrazed ones.
Also, like fire, grazing can increase species diversity by opening out the community
and creating more niches.
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What I Have Learned
In this activity you are going to identify the structure of each academic text by
filling out information on the graphic organizer. Please write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
I.
ESSAYS
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II.
DISSERTATIONS AND THESES
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III.
CASE
STUDY
What I Can Do
This activity will help you to develop your approach to academic texts.
Read the article and answer the following key questions to help you approach an
academic text:
1. What is the title of the text?
2. When was it published?
3. Who are the authors, and what do can you find out about them?
4. Who is the intended audience of the text?
5. How long is the text?
6. How is the text structured, e.g. does it have chapters/sections/headings/sub-
headings or sub-sections?
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Cebu City cases hit single-day high
June 30, 2020
THE Cebu City Health Department has logged 353 new coronavirus (Covid-19)
cases on Tuesday, June 30, 2020—the highest number, so far, reported in a single
day in Cebu City.
This eclipses the prior single-day record of 203 new Covid-19 cases reported on
June 16, 2020.
Tuesday’s new cases bring the total number of confirmed Covid-19 infections in
Cebu City to 5,494.
The City also reported 10 new recoveries, bringing the total number of recoveries in
the city to 2,723.
The number of deaths remained at 169, while the number of active Covid-19 cases
rose to 2,602.
The 353 new cases were spread out in 47 of the city’s 80 barangays, with four
cases having unverified addresses.
Barangay Guadalupe had the most number of new cases, with 44; followed by
Sambag 2 (27), Labangon (19), Lahug (18), Capitol (16), Mabolo (14), Tejero (14),
Sambag 1 (13) and Talamban (12).
Also reporting new cases were Barangays Apas (8), Bacayan (6), Banilad (4), Basak
Pardo (6), Basak San Nicolas (7), Barangay Luz (6), Buhisan (3), Bulacao (3),
Calamba (6), Camputhaw (6), Carreta (1), Cogon Pardo (7), Day-as (2), Duljo (1),
Ermita (1), Hipodromo (10), Inayawan (1), Kalubihan (1), Kalunasan (2),
Kasambagan (3) and Kinasang-an (9).
Other barangays with new cases were Lorega (3), Mambaling (6), Pahina Central (4),
Pardo (9), Parian (1), Punta Princesa (11), Quiot (7), San Nicolas Proper (3), San
Roque (5), Sto. Niño (2), Suba (1), T. Padilla (7), Taptap (7), Tinago (1), Tisa (9), and
Zapatera (2).
Cebu Province
Elsewhere, 37 new Covid-19 cases were reported in Lapu-Lapu City on Tuesday.
According to Lapu-Lapu City Mayor Junard “Ahong” Chan, the new cases came
from barangays Babag (2), Bankal (1), Basak (1), Buaya (1), Calawisan (13),
Canjulao (5), Gun-ob (3), Ibo (1), Mactan (1), Marigondon (2), Pajac (1), Pajo (1),
Punta Engaño (1) and Pusok (4).
Lapu-Lapu City now has a total of 604 Covid-19 cases, 129 recoveries and 20
deaths.
Chan called on barangay captains to roam their areas and reprimand those found
violating the city's quarantine protocols.
In Toledo City on the western coast of Cebu, five new cases were recorded on
Tuesday.
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One of the new cases is a 27-year-old man from Sta. Rosa, Laguna employed in a
private company in Toledo City, while another is his 62-year-old colleague who
hails from Bacolod City.
The patients are all in isolation and monitored by the City’s health personnel.
As of Tuesday, Toledo City recorded a a total of 23 Covid-19 cases, with two
recoveries and one death.
In Carcar City, southern Cebu, seven new cases were recorded on Tuesday,
bringing the total number of coronavirus infections in the City to 27.
The barangays with Covid-19 cases are Bolinawan (1), Can-asujan (3), Guadalupe
(1), Liburon (1), Napo (1), Ocaña (1), Perrelos (1), Poblacion I (5), Poblacion II (3),
Poblacion III (1), Tuyom (2) and Valladolid (7).
One new recovery was also recorded Tuesday, bringing the total count to three.
Three patients died.
Meanwhile, officials of Balamban town assured that confirmed cases of Covid-19 in
the municipality are being monitored and contact tracing is ongoing.
This came as four additional cases of Covid-19 were reported on Tuesday from
barangays Buanoy, Arpili, and Sta. Cruz.
As of Tuesday, Balamban reported a total of 11 Covid-19 cases, with two deaths
and one recovery.
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Of the 222 late cases, 45 were from NCR or Metro Manila, 38 from Central Visayas
and 139 from other regions.
As of June 29, Vergeire said, the national case doubling time—or the length of time
it takes for cases to double—was 7.66. In Cebu City, the case doubling time was
faster at 7.47 days.
As of June 11, Vergeire said the reproductive number in the country was 1.3,
which means that an infected individual can infect more than one person.
Cebu City had a reproductive number of 2.16 as of June 10, Vergeire said, which
means an infected person transmitted the virus to more than two persons. (CTL,
RDR, MVI / SunStar Philippines)
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1862049/Cebu/Local-News/Cebu-City-
cases-hit-single-day-high
Assessment
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
2. These texts are the result of a long period of reading, research and reflection.
A. Reports B. Dissertations and theses C. Textbooks D. Essays
4. These are written mainly for a specialist audience – researchers, academics and
postgraduate students.
A. Reports B. dissertations and theses C. Textbooks D. Research articles
5. The purpose of this academic text is to describe what happened (e.g. in a piece of
research) and discuss and evaluate its importance.
A. Reports B. Dissertations and theses C. Textbook D. Research article
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6. Which is not part of the report?
A. Introduction C. Context/Overview (Title, Contents etc.)
B. Literature review D. Conclusion
8. This kind of academic paper you will probably have to write longer texts at
postgraduate level.
A. Case Study B. Reports C. Dissertations and theses D. Articles
9. The purpose of a particular academic text might be to:
A. Present and explain information
B. Persuade the audience to accept a new argument
C. Describe a process
D. all of the above.
10. These describe changes or developments, e.g. within a company or social group.
Additional Activities
Focusing on vocabulary
Choose one of the possible answers from the box menu. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The reason why an author wrote a text is the ____________ of the text.
2. If one text is serious and another is funny, they can be described as being
different in _________.
3. Textbooks, essays and reports are three examples of _________.
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4. An analysis of the meaning and importance of a text is the authors __________ of
the text.
5. The _________ of a piece of research shows the background to the research, why
it was done, and what previous researchers have found.
6. The language in a research article often has a higher level of __________ than the
language in a textbook.
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What I Have Learned Additional Activity
Essay
Introduction Purpose
Main body Tone
Conclusion Genre
dissertations and theses Interpretation
Introduction Context
Background Formality
Literature Review Appendix
Research Design/Methodology
Results/Findings
Discussion/Interpretation
Recommendations
Conclusion
Case studies
Context (what is the focus, where, when?)
What I Know What's More Assessment
b D
a
c A B
d
C C
c
c B D
b
d C A
c
d C B
A A
B C
C D
A A
A
Answer Key
References
https://www.rd.com/list/spot-the-difference/
https://eas.epigeum.com/courses/eas/45/course_files/html/uta_3_10.html
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1862049/Cebu/Local-News/Cebu-City-cases-hit-single-day-
high
https://104eng.wordpress.com/organizing-your-ethnographic-essay/
http://depedsouthcotabato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enclosure-No.-3-to-DM-CID-No.-081-s.-2020-Key-Stage-JHS-
SLM-Template.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/music-grade-3
https://www.slideshare.net/edithahonradez/pe-3-teachers-guide
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/06/06/republic-act-no-8293/
http://depedsouthcotabato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enclosure-No.-3-to-DM-CID-No.-081-s.-2020-Key-Stage-JHS-
SLM-Template.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/music-grade-3
https://www.slideshare.net/edithahonradez/pe-3-teachers-guide
http://depedsouthcotabato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enclosure-No.-3-to-DM-CID-No.-081-s.-2020-Key-Stage-JHS-
SLM-Template.pdf
https://fliphtml5.com/rslz/ddgv/basic
https://www.slideshare.net/lhoralight/music-grade-3
https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable/biology-m1-nature-of-biology-25875023
https://www.slideshare.net/edithahonradez/pe-3-teachers-guide
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Methods-of-Qualitative-of-Data-Collection-P3BBKCZEKRYYS
https://this-quiz.com/quiz/this-is-quiz-is-very-easy-yet-almost-no-one-can-get-all-answers-correct/
https://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=keep%20track%20of
https://nursingwritingservices.net/describe-what-you-learned-from-the-domain-3/
https://www.reddit.com/r/classicwow/comments/i26h9z/addon_or_aura_to_keep_track_of_the_respawn_timers/
https://www.daniweb.com/programming/web-development/threads/408524/how-to-keep-track-of-the-questions-in-a-
quiz-in-php
http://depedsouthcotabato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enclosure-No.-3-to-DM-CID-No.-081-s.-2020-Key-Stage-JHS-
SLM-Template.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable/biology-m1-nature-of-biology-25875023
http://depedsouthcotabato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Enclosure-No.-3-to-DM-CID-No.-081-s.-2020-Key-Stage-JHS-
SLM-Template.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable/biology-m1-nature-of-biology-25875023
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