HOME MANAGEMENT

MODULE

Home management……………….. page 2

Caregiver ………………………………. page 3
Firesafety ……………………………… page 4
General Housekeeping
Activities………………………… page 4
Housekeeping in the
Living room …………………… page 5
Bathroom …………………….. page 7
Kitchen………………………….. page 8
Dining …………………………… page 9
Laundry room …………………….. page 11

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HOME MANAGEMENT
House – it is a structure/ building where all the
family resides.
Home – is aplace where the family lives
harmoniously.
MAJOR PARTS OF HOUSE
1. Living room – it is the area where we
entertain our guest or visitors.
- Receiving of the house
- Convergence/bonding area
- Entertainment area
2. Dining room – area where the family eats or
consume their foods.
- Area of the house where principal
meals are taken or eaten
3. Kitchen -area where meals are cooked and
prepared
- Area where we washed soiled plates
and dishes
- It is a busiest area of the house
- Most expensive area of the house
- Considered as the heart of the house
4. Bedroom – area where we sleep and relax.
- Most private part of the house
- Secrets are all kept
- Area wherein you can express your
own personality or reflects your
individuality
- Area where we keep personal
belongings or possession
- Most personal room in the house
5. Bathroom – area where we perform our
personal hygiene like bathing, brushing of
teeth & elimination.
- Dirtiest part of the house.
6. Laundry area – place where washing, drying,
folding & ironing are done.
4 TYPES OF HOUSES JN CANADA
1. Apartment or Flat – always rented
2. Townhouse – same features or design
3. Condominium – owned or mortgage
4. Residential house – single attached
- Very Spacious
- With garden and garage
- Can accommodate several bedroom
HOUSEKEEPING
- Is an act of doing daily activities such
as cleaning, washing, ironing,
shopping or marketing & meal
preparation.
HOME MANAGEMENT
- Is a systematic way of performing
household activities or chores
involving POICE.
P lanning
O rganizing
I mplementing
C ontrolling
E valuating
PLANNING – criteria for well planned objective:
S pecific – keen to details
M easurable/ Manageable – it can be
handle
A ttainable – can be achieve
R ealistic – not imaginary
T imebound – has a beginning & end
of activity.
ORGANIZING – deals with the grouping of activities
according to importance
Resources to consider:
a. Human Resources
- professional, handyman, &
employer
- This are all the available help vested
in a human being
b. Material Resources
- All the things that serves as a means
for meeting the demands which are
external to a person.
IMPLEMENTING – putting everything into action,
doing process.
CONTROLLING – proper allocation of time to
accomplish an activity.
EVALUATION – is the assessment of goals &
objective.
TIME MANAGEMENT
- A systematic way of scheduling
housekeeping activities in a short
span of time through minimum effort.
FACTORS AFFECTING TIME MANAGEMENT:
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 1. Time – practice the frequency of doing
work.
- Make a time plan & checklist
2. Energy – effort exerted in a certain task.
WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY:
a. Exercise
b. Allotment of rest & sleep
c. Observe proper body mechanics
d. Having proper nutrition
e. Practice work, simplification
technique
f. Practice dove tailing/ multi tasking
or performing 2-3 activities at the
same time or simultaneously.
3. Ability
4. Tools – this are labors saving devices
which lessen times spending in work.
CAREGIVER – a TRAINED, MATURED and
COMPETENT individual who is task to take care of a
child, an elderly or a physically-challenged person
and performing housekeeping activities with or
w/out supervision.
2 Services rendered by a Caregiver:
1. Home Care – services rendered by a
caregiver that deals with household act. Like
laundry, cooking, washing dishes etc.
2. Client Care – services rendered by a caregiver
that deals with welfare and security of the
client. Like, bathing, other personal hygiene,
companion, admin of medicines, assists in
feeding etc.
Ways to become an EFFECTIVE CAREGIVER:
1. Make a plan ahead of time based on the
schedule given by your employer.
2. Establish a rapport w/ your employer, make
constant communication
3. Try to adjust w/ your employer’s way of life
and standard as well as to culture that exist
in that place
4. Remember caregiver is a profession. Always
perform w/ dignity and avoid unnecessary
delays.
5. Develop own techniques and methodologies
Home Safety Management – securing the safety
inside the house.
Hazard – anything that could lead to danger; risk
factors (equipment, medicine, detergents, chemicals,
electricity, wet floor, appliances)
Accident – unintentional incidents; anything that
happened unexpectedly
Common Accidents at Home: Fall, burn, suffocation,
drowning, poisoning, choking, strangulation
2 Factors that contribute to an accident:
1. Unsafe action – negligence of a person
2. Unsafe condition – unsafe environment
Safety Measures for elderly client:
1. Provide good lighting in rooms & hallways
2. Use wall to wall carpeting, make sure it is
tucked & avoid scatter rugs
3. Handrails on both sides of the stairs and in
bathroom
4. Use non-skid slippers & shoes
5. Use non-skid mats in tub and shower
6. Floors must be kept uncluttered
7. Avoid rearranging furniture
8. Electrical extension cords must be kept away
9. Provide telephone and lamp at the bedside
10. Detours should be avoided & free from
obstacles
Child Proofing – ensuring child’s safety and
protection
1. Keep matches out of reach of children
2. Supervise children play, don’t leave them
alone
3. Always check temperature of bath water
4. Provide childproof caps on medicines
5. Cover electrical outlets w/ safety caps
6. Check toys for sharp edges
7. House plants should be out of reach
8. Glass doors should have decals
9. Use safety gates on top & bottom staircase
10. Drape and blind cords should be out of
baby’s reach
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FIRE SAFETY 4. Turn off your space heater when you’re away
Each year reports from the American Red Cross from home or out of the room for long period
state that some 6000 people die in residential fires. keep clothes and paper away from space
In fact more than 2 million such fires occur naturally. heaters manufacture’s instruction regarding
placement and proper use.
Common causes of Fire: 5. Keep papers, potholders and other
THINGS TO THROW flammable objects away from cooking
1. carelessness w/ cigarettes & matches surfaces in the kitchen.
rubbish 6. Take special care when cooking oil or grease
2. cooking equipment, because it can ignite if it gets too hot. If this
old rags occurs smother the fire with lid of the pot or
3. kitchen grease, a box of baking soda or with the proper kind
old tires of extinguisher. Don’t pour water on it that
4. space heaters, will only cause the flaming oil to splash and
old clothes spread.
5. improper storage of inflammable materials, 7. Watch where you use lamps, irons, toasters
old paints and other appliance that generate heat they
6. electrical problems, reached temperature hot enough to cause
old newspaper fire.
7. malfunctioning appliances, 8. Do not store propane tanks in the garage a
wood scraps leak can lead to buildup of the flammable Gas
8. cobwebs, and then any spark can start blaze.
unused boxes and bags
9. Trash CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
unused flammable container 1. Inpect monthly
2. Nozzle must be unobstructed
Safe tools & equipment that should be installed in 3. Safety pin must be intact
home: 4. Re-charge if pressure is below operable and
1. Fire extinguisher immediately after use.
2. Smoke detector
3. Sprinkler SAFETY MEASURES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
1. Avoid inhaling toxic lumes and smoke
Fire Safety Measures: 2. If it is not possible to stand away from fire stand
1. Do not smoke. Aside from being bad for your to the side
health hazard for those exposed to your 3. Do not place fire extinguisher under direct
second- hand smoke, it is the leading cause sunlight or in wet place
of fatal residential fires, if you must smoke 4. Keep away from reach children
makes sure you dispose of your cigarettes 5. Improper use of this appliance avoid cause body
and matches carefully and never smoke in injury or property damage.
bed.
2. Have fire extinguishers and detectors in your GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVITIES:
home make sure detectors work by checking 1. CLEANING - to free from dirt by sweeping, dusting
them regularly at least every 6 months. or vacuuming; removing of dirt.
3. Don’t let kids play with matches. If you use a 2. MENDING - making something better so that it
lighter, make sure its childproof most can be used again; to repair
disposable lighter have this feature

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CLEANING MATERIALS: DIFFERENT KINDS OF FLOOR:
1. Broom 1. Tiles
2. Mop 2. Vinyl
3. Mop squeezer 3. Marble and granite
4. Brush 4. Wood parquet
5. Vacuum cleaner 5. Linoleum
6. Ceramics
HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS: 7. Laminated floor
1. Detergent 8. Terra cotta
2. Muriatic Acid
3. Water AFTER CARE OF GLASSES:
4. Lye solution 1. Use crumpled old newspaper into ball and slighlty
5. Dishwashing Detergent dampen it to clean windows or you may use
squeegee (an implement with a rubber edge used
STEPS IN CLEANING: esp. For removing water from widows after washing).
1. Gather all the materials needed. use different strokes inside and outside. Use vertical
2. Pick up all the liters stroke inside and horizontal stroke outside.
3. Start the cleaning process 2. Use water with vinegar added to wash windows.
It not only adds sparkle to the glass but also helps to
HOW TO MAINTAIN CLEANING MATERIALS: keep flies away in hot weather.
1. Clean after use
2. Seperate broom and other materials on different AFTER CARE IN THE LIVING ROOM:
areas of use.
3. Have a cabinet for cleaning materials. A. SMELLS
1. Open window to freshen the room - use air
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING: freshener.
1. Seperate necessary to unncessary things 2. Neutralizing cigarette smoke by waving
2. Plot things in proper places dishtowels, dampen in water and vinegar around the
3. Clean all areas in the work place room.
4. Standardize your cleaning activities 3. Place dishes of potpourri in the room to
5. Have a self-discipline disguise the stale smell

HOUSEKEEPING IN THE LIVING ROOM B. CLEANING

1. Shake cushion and rugs in order to minimize
LIVING ROOM - convergence area. the amount of dust.
- place for social gathering 2. Try to prevent pets from lying on furniture -
use adhesive tapes or rollers for pet furs.
FEATURES: 3. Use a long hanlded sponge head mop to
1. Sala set reach and clean tops of wall. Rinse from top to
2. Fire place bottom and finish by cleaning the skirting.
3. Curtains 4. Wipe over telepohones regularly with a soft
4. Side table cloth -use disinfectant.
5. Carpets 5. In cleaning out fire grates, damp down the
6. Telephone ashes first - spray some water.
7. Entertainment system 6. Keep your coat rack by the front door on a
waterproof mat.

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FLOOR COVERINGS:
1. CARPET - kind of floor covering which cover a
big area.
TYPES OF CARPET:
1. Wall to wall carpet - covers the entire
area of the house including the stairs.
2. Broadloom carpet - 18ft. Long usually
have decorative styles.
2. RUGS -movable, covers a small area.
TYPES OF RUGS:
1. Area Rug - small floor covering use
to defy a certain area and often
have sculptured borders.
2. Scatter Rug - (most dangerous rags)
- Use to complement a
room feature or furniture
3. Accent Rug - use on top of the wall
to wall carpet
- purpose: design
ADVANTAGE OF CARPETS AND RUGS:
1. Gives warmth
2. Absorbs shock and noise
3. Provide safety and fall prevention
4. Provide beauty and luxury.
5. Establishes color scheme - decorative pupose
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY CARPETS AND
RUGS:
1. Crushed pile - these are dents or indentures
caused by heavy objects or furniture.
SOLUTION: get 1 or 2 pieces of ice cube put
it on the crushed pile, let it melt, when melted
remove excess moisture and let
dry.
2. Scorched/ Burn Mark - burns caused by
cigarette butts.
SOLUTIONS: FOR CARPET- treat with
hydrogen peroxide, dab don’t rub
FOR WOODEN FLOORS: rub with
light sand paper
3. Creeping Rugs - rugs that tend to move
slowly or not tucked to the floor
SOLUTIONS: FOR CARPET TO RUG- Use
Velcro tape
FOR TILES Or WOODEN ONLY: use
double sided tape
4. Damp Carpet - wet or moist carpet
SOLUTION: let fry naturally
5. Stain - any discoloration or unusual mark
SOLUTION: treat with stain remover or if
worse, ask for professional help.
Example: Wine mark - soak up as quickly as
possible. Cover with salt or boeax. When
powder becomes sticky add more powder. Apply
for final layer and leave it for 2 hours. Brush off.
Drip with mild detergent, rinse and let dry.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF STAIN:
1. BUILD -UP STAIN - stains caused by thick
substance. (ex. Chewing gum, ketchup)
2. ABSORBED STAIN - stains that sinks from surface
to bottom. (ex. Ink, juice, coffee)
3. MYSTERY STAIN - stains that don’t know where
originated.
4. OLD OR DRIED STAIN - stain that are in solid form.
CONSIDERATION IN REMOVING STAIND:
1. Identify the stain
2. Treat the stain as soon as they occur.
3. Pat dry, don’t rub.
4. Direction of cleaning should be outward to
inward
5. When using stain remover dilute with water to
avoid discoloration
6. When applying second application rinse first the
first application of chemical stain remover.
7. Do not apply heat on the stain; it may cause them
to stick,
8. Remember that there are stubborn stains that
cannot be removed.
9. Before using chemical stain remover, try home
remedy first.
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10. Since we cannot do anything about it, try to ask
for professional help.

4. VALANCES - short curtains hang across the

2 WAYS OF CLEANING CARPETS AND RUGS: top of windows used as boarders.

1. VACUUMING - by the means of vacuum

cleaner.
- vacuum cleaner - use to clean dirt
by sunction
- -proper way of vacuuming is from
farthest towards the center in zigzag
motion.
5. LAMBREQUIN - decorative bands of wood
2. SHAMPOOING - how to freshen a carpet? By sometimes used across the tops of window.
dry shampooing
- sprinkle baking soda and leave it
atleast 1 hour then vacuum.

ACCESSORIES FOR WINDOWS:

1. CURTAINS - a hanging piece of fabric
6. CORNICE - decorative bands of wood that
connects the ceiling from the wall.

2. DRAPES - A long heavy curtain

HOUSEKEEPING IN THE BATHROOM:

AFTER CARE IN THE BATHROOM:

A. FOR BATHROOM FLOORS:
1. Wipe it with hot water & vinegar. Vinegar is a
mild acid that will help remove dirt & mild stains.
3. BLINDS - a window covering that gives Follow-up with all purpose cleaner then rinse
privacy because of its shut out glare. with water.
2. Disinfect with bleach & water solution.
3. For badly floors, muriatic acid can be used.
4. Wiping floors with vanilla is a home remedy
to freshen air in the bathroom.

B. SHOWER DOOR
1. Wipe regularly with a cloth soaked in vinegar
to remove shampoo & soap residue.
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 2. Avoid cleaning it with an abraisive cleaner
like scouring pad or steel wool pad because it
can scratch the fiber.
3. Removed dirt from shower racks with an old
toothbrush.
C. SHOWER CURTAIN
1. Wash canvass or cotton in soapy water.
2. Cleaned mildew from shower curtain with
lemon juice & baking soda
3. To prevent mildew from returning, soaked
the curtain in salty water before rehanging.
4. Another preventing mildew is by leaving the
shower curtain open to allow air to circulate &
dry the curtain.
D. FOR TAPS
1. Cleaned with an old toothbrush deep in
vinegar to remove lime scale.
mask unpleasant odors. Home remedies are
equally effective like standing a bowl of
potpourri on the window still or by wiping
floors with vanilla.
I. RUBBER MAT
1. Clean regularly to prevent slime or mold
build-up.
2. Wash with hot water & detergent.
HOUSEKEEPING IN THE KITCHEN:
AFTER CARE IN THE KITCHEN:
1. A little vanilla on a piece of cotton ball & place
inside the the ref will elliminate the fall odor.
2. Minimize cooking smell by closing the doors to
the other when cooking & open kitchen window to
let smell & steam to escape.
3. Keep extractor fan or cooking hood/kitchen hood
running for a while after you have finished cooking.

E. FOR WINDOWS & MIRRORS

1. If the windows are very dry, pre-washed with HOUSEKEEPING IN THE BEDROOM:
soapy water, & dry with a crampled newspaper. After care in the Bedroom
2. It can be washed w/ 1/2 cap of vinegar & 1L 1. Bedsheet should be change weekly or as needed.
of water to add sparkle to it. Rub & dry with
crampled newspaper. BED MAKING
F. FOR TOILETS - proper arrangement of the bed linen
1. At night, squirt around the bowl & lid, and Folding Laying
brush in the morning quickly for an early shine. 1. Fitted sheet (w/ garter) WSO RSO
2. You can pour white vinegar, and let it stand 2. Flat sheet – RSO WSO
for 10 minutes to remove lime scale. 3. Blanket – WSO RSO
3. Scrub the toilet for a few seconds each day 4. Pillow case – WSO RSO
with a toilet brush & cleaner. Rinse by flushing 5. Comforter – WSO RSO
water.
4. Disinfect toilet every morning with bleach & ** WSO - wrong side out// RSO - right side out
water or with disinfectant or sanitizer.
Miter - 45° fold corner
G. FOR TILES IN WALLS
1. Freshen the grouting between tiles by
cleaning it w/ an old toothbrush dipped in
bleach

H. FOR SMELLS
1. Light a scented candle or simply striked a
match to clean the air.
2. Air freshers/deodorizers can also be used but
they do not actually clean the air, it just simply
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 2. Store silver in a dry place, wrapped in sheets
of black or acid free tissue to prevent from
tarnishing.
3. Buff cutlery with a soft clean cloth before
putting away.
4. Any wares stored or kept for a long time
should be washed before use.

TABLE APPOINTMENT
THREE WORK CENTERS/AREAS: - implements used in the dining which consist of:
1. Cleaning and Preparation area- sink, dishwasher 1. Table linens
and waste disposer unit 2. Silverware/flatware
2. Mixing Area - refrigerator, electric mixer, 3. Dinnerware/Chinaware
preparation table 4. Glassware
3. Cooking and serving area - cooking equipment. 5. Centerpiece

HOUSEKEEPING IN THE DINING:  Proper care, used and wise selection of table
appointments result in beauty in table setting.
DINING -area of the house in which principal meals  Beauty is achieved through: harmony of the
are taken. appointments, cleanliness and neatness,
orderliness of the placements.
Features:  The appearance of the table will add to the
 Dining table enjoyment of the meal.
 Chandelier
 china cabinet I. TABLE LINENS
 buffet table - includes table covering and napkins of all types
 Dining chair - should be durable and serviceable, attractive
 Buffet cabinet and suited to other appointments, reasonably priced
 Hanging lamps and easily laundered. Linen should always be
 Area rug spotlessly clean. Well laundered linen can make a
 Accent rug table attractive no matter how few and simple the
appointments may be. Size is important because the
AFTER CARE IN THE DINING: wrong size will look awkward.
For Spill-ups/ Stains:
1. Keep a roll of paper tower handy in case of Kinds of Table Linens:
spill-ups. 1. Table cloth - covers the entire surface of the
2. To remove water rings from wood surfaces , table.
try rubbing with a paste of mayonnaise and 2. Silence Cloth - heavy pad of material such as
cigarette ashes or you may use small amount of flannel or thin foam of felt placed underneath the
toothpaste. table cloth to:
A. Protect table from hot dishes
FOR CUTLERY/ GLASSWARE STORAGE AND B. Deadens the sound of plates and serving
CLEANING: dishes when laid on the table.
1. Store glasses in china cabinet on their stem; 3. Runners - long narrow strips of materials
they will pick up any smell in the cupboard if they used on bare tables lay either across the length or
are stored upside down. across the width.

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 4. Top Cloth - small piece of materials placed on
top of table cloth that protects the table cloth and Kinds of Dinnerware:
eliminate the need for changing the large table cloth 1. PLATE:
more frequently. dinner plate bread & butter plate
5. Place mat- heavily fringed or deeply hemmed salad plate dessert plate
material placed on the table edges 1/2” - 1 Underliner plate
away from the table. A variety of size and shape,
standard size 18x24. 2. BOWL:
6. Napkins - cloth or paper use to protect one’s Open bowl soup bowl
clothes or for wiping lips and fingers, placed at Dessert bowl fruit bowl
the extreme left of the cover or at the center of Cereal bowl cream soup bowl
the cover. Sometimes can be arranged with
napkin holders or rings in varied design for 3. PLATTER:
attractive use. Fish platter
Vegetable platter
II. SILVERWARE OF FLATWARE
- includes fork, knives and spoon. Usually sold in IV. GLASSWARE
sets or open stocks in sets of 4, 6,8 and 12. - includes goblets, tumblers, wine glasses and
ordinary glasses. They give a certain sparkle to the
2 Kinds of Silver: appearance of the table. Glassware is preferred for
1. Sterling Silver - it is a solid silver and will last its beauty and elegance. It is a must for a formal
for generations. settings.
- The more it is used, the lovelier it Ex. Glass tumbler wine glass
becomes. dessert glass
2. Stainless Silver - modern metal, a
combination of steel, chrome and nickel. For V. CENTERPIECE
everyday use. - centerpiece or table decoration are the
finishing touches that are essential to the over-all
Kinds of Silverware: harmony of a table. Simple decorations are often
1. Spoon - coffee spoon, teaspoon, soup spoon, quite dramatic. A centerpiece makes a large table
dessert spoon, ice cream spoon, tablespoon with many place settings warm and inviting. Candles
2. Fork - dinner fork, salad fork, dessert fork, are essential for formal dinner.
fish fork, oyster fork pastry fork Ex. Flower & flower arrangements
3. Knife- butter knife/ spreader, dinner knife, Vegetables centerpiece
fish knife, fillet knife, steak knife, cheese knife Candles/ candles with holders

III. DINNERWARE OR CHINAWARE TABLE SETTING

-encompasses china, stoneware, pottery and - manner of arranging different table
plastic. appointments on the dining table.

Types of Dinnerware: Traditional Services Rules:

1. Ceramic 1. Using left hand, food is served on the left
2. Stoneware side.
3. Ovenware 2. Using right hand, beverage is served on the
4. Chinaware right side
5. Porcelain 3. Same with removal of soiled dishes and
6. Melamine glasses.
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 4. Beverages are poured not touching the rim LAUNDRY ROOM
and only 3/4 full. - a place for laundry/ washing , drying and
5. Dinner plate is placed directly in front of the folding are done.
guest.
Features:
KINDS OF TABLE SETTING 1. Washing machine
1. Formal table setting – used for formal 2. Laundry tubs
occasions like debuts, wedding and anniversaries. 3. Drier
2. Informal table setting – used for ordinary 4. Ironing boards
dining. Uses few and ordinary utensils as well as 5. Abundant storage/ cabinet
placemat. 6. Laundry baskets
7. Folding area
GUIDELINES IN TABLE SETTING: 8. Retractable rod
1. Dinner plate & soup plate is always at the
center of the cover Materials for Laundering:
2. To the left are the forks to be used 1. Laundry Helpers (detergent, bleaches, fabric
3. To the right are the spoons & knives softener, bluing, starch.)
4. On the upper left is bread & butter plate & 2. Clothe Hanger
knife or spreader 3. Laundry Basket
5. Above the knife & spoon are the water & 4. Plastic gloves/ Laundry Gloves
wine glass 5. Aprons
6. Water goblet is a bit higher 6. Towels, rags and mops
7. Table napkin is either on the left side or on
soup plate POINTERS FOR PROPER MAINTENANCE OF A
8. Dinner plate & silverware must be an inch LAUNDRY ROOM:
away from edge of the table. 1. Make sure detergents and other washing and
9. Coffee is placed the right most side. cleaning products are stored out of reach of
children.
FORMAL: 2. Proper disposal of laundry helpers must be
observed
3. Always keep the floor dry, for any moisture might
cause damage to the electrical appliances inside the
laundry room and wet floor can cause accidents.
4. Install some socket cover into the electrical
outlets.
5. Always keep the door of the laundry room locked
when not in use, for children might go inside
unnoticed.
6. Clean the machine and drier after every use.
7. Proper ventilation must be observed
CASUAL: 8. Proper lighting must be installed.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FABRICS: 3. Should not be put in an automatic dryer
A. Natural fabics - created from fibers of animal coat, 4. A good shampoo can be used to remove oil
silkworm cocoons and plant’s seeds, leaves and and revitalizes silk
stem. 5. A good hair conditioner can be used to avoid
Ex. Cotton silk static charge
Linen wool Ex. Evening wear, lingerie, bridal wear,
B. Man made Fabrics - made of filaments extruded gowns
as liquid and formed into various fibers. `4. WOOL - came from fibers of animal coats (sheep,
Ex. Acetate lastex rayon goats, rabbits)
Acrylic nylon polyester - have crimps and curls which gives spongy
feel and creates insulation dirt and flame
TYPES OF FABRICS: resistant, resist wear and tear.
1. COTTON - came from cotton plant’s seed pod,
hollow in the center, looks like a twisted ribbon Proper care:
under microscope. 1. Usually dry cleaned (once a season only or
- can withstand high temperature, does not when stained)
scorch easily 2. Avoid pressing wool totally dry, press on the
Proper Care: reversed side
1. Machine washable 3. To refresh wool: hang in steamy bathroom to
2. Any good detergent can be used for washing remove wrinkles
3. A higher heat setting is needed in the dryer 4. Hang on a shaped or padded hangers.
to dry cotton Ex. Scarves, sweater, vest, shawl
4. Can use hot iron
Ex. Baby wear, uniforms, shirts, jackets, To Hand wash wool:
handkerchief - use cool lukewarm water and mild detergent.
2. LINEN- taken from stalk of a plant known as the Squeeze out suds gently. don’t wring or rub. Rinse
“flax”, the strongest of the vegetable fibers and thoroughly, then lay flat on a high colored towel. Roll
has 2 to 3 times the strength of a cotton up the towel to absorb excess moisture. If still wet,
- high absorbent and good conductor of heat; repeat with a second towel.
smooth , does not wrinkle easily
WASHING
Proper care:
1. Often dry cleaned LAUNDRY HELPERS:
2. Can be hand washed for softer look 1. Bleaches - brightens and whiten the fabric
3. Needs frequent pressing 2. Fabric Softener - removes static charge and
EX. Decorative linens, draperies, table softens the fabric
accessories, bed linens 3. Starch, Finishes and Sizings - adds body to the
garment and easy to iron.
`3. SILK - came from the fibers from the cocoon of a 4. Bluing Agent - counter effects yellowing of white
silkworm, the strongest natural fiber. fabrics
- can b worn for all season: absorbs 5. Detergents - use as surfactants which dissolve the
moisture that makes it cool in summer and dirt and builders which softens the water.
warm in winter
STEPS IN WASHING CLOTHES:
Proper care: 1. Sort - separating of clothes from whites to
1. Dry cleaning is generally preferred colored and lightly to heavy
2. Only pre-washed silk is washable
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2. Soak - placing the clothes in the water to become
thoroughly wet, to loosen built in dirt.
3. Wash - washing with water and laundry helpers
4. Rinse - washing well with clean water to
remove or free from suds
5. Dry - to make the clothes dry.
BASIC CONSIDERATION BEFORE WASHING
CLOTHES:
1. Check pockets for valuable items
2. Close zippers before washing
3. Read labels of clothes before washing
4. Fix the button before washing
5. Treat stain as soon as they occur
6. Wash daily drip-dry clothes
7. Use laundry net for underwear’s and brassieres.
8. Sort clothes according to color and texture
9. Soak the clothes for a while
10. Mend holes and tears
11. Regularly remove fluffs in both washing machine
and drier filters
DRYING
3 BASIC METHODS OF DRYING:
1. SPIN DRYING - usually combined with the cycle on
washing machines.
- “SPIN ONLY” programs are useful for
items that have been hand washed
2. TUMBLE DRYING- uses a lot of electricity, remove
as much water as possible from the items
- choose the correct setting, as
excessive heat can shrink, crease or melt
fabrics
3. LINE DRYING - most natural and economical way
of drying clothes
- it can be indoor or outdoor
- clothes smell fresh
TREATING OVERDRIED CLOTHES
- Return the clothes to the dryer, throw a damp
cloth into the machine, run through one cycle on
“WARM’ only.
DRYING TIPS:
1. Do not leave damp garments in a washing
machine or drier as they will soon start to smell
musty and will have to be rinsed again to freshen
them up.
2. Do not leave a tumble drier running for longer
than required, as this waste electricity as well as
setting creases.
3. Overloading a tumble drier will lead to patchy
dying. Leave a gap at the top of the drum to allow
the clothes to move about freely.
4. The action of tumble drying can cause static to
build up, so use a fabric conditioner with each wash
5. Remove fluff from the tumble-drier filter after
each, or it will reduce the amount of water vapor
that can escape in subsequent cycles.
IRONING & PRESSING
IRONING - gliding the iron
over the fabric. Heat is applied
directly to the dampened
material, which is usually
used with cotton. Linen and
rayon fabrics.
PRESSING - lift the iron and lower into the fabric
then repeat. Steam is used, requires the use either a
steam iron or a pressing cloth. Usually applied to
woolen garments. Pressing also often refers to the
application of dry heat to garments of linen, cotton
or silk if wrinkled.
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