Saint Michael College, Cantilan.

Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

Literature Review

Technology and Education

The innovation of technology is rapidly and still continuously expanding from

desktop computers to laptops iPads and phones, and from educational software to

Internet learning applications and social media (Bulman, 2019). Whereas these

resources could pose both negative and positive impacts, particularly in education.

New technologies may displace other more effective instructional and learning

methods and distract schoolchildren, or they may represent an effective learning tool

and engage schoolchildren in learning (Bulman, 2019). There is a mixed response as to

how technology impacts the education of the learners.

Serdyukov, 2017, whatever technologies we devise for education, however much

technology we integrate into learning, the human element, particularly the learner and

teacher, remains problematic, Hence, no matter how innovated the school is in terms of

technological resources, the learner and teacher interaction should still be given much

more attention.

Internet has become an important tool for students and even teachers,

essentially for information management, information search, communication, and in

research and learning. Many studies have uncovered and discussed about the high

level use of internet by students and how it can affect in their academic performances.

According to Ceyhan (2011), he mentioned that internet provides a wide and unlimited

sharing of information for any individual and it also give a way for students to interact

with each other in many social platforms.

Jali et al., 2014, advances in information technology (IT) have changed our life-

style. Use of computer and internet is a part of the student's daily activity. This is a no-

brainer especially because of the online resources found on the internet that could be

more effective compared to the learning materials in school.

 Saint Michael College, Cantilan. Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

Bosamia (2013) stated that students can learn by watching videos, e-books,

discussion groups, bulletin boards, blogs and e-learning in a collaborate environment.

Students can also ask question to their teacher using emails.

Internet Usage Among Students

Luaran (2013) states that the use of the Internet in education allows access to a

wide range of international resources. At present, the most up-to-date information can

be obtained easily from the Internet. In order for students to perform in education, they

have to know how to use the Internet to seek for accurate and precise information

needed in their studies.

According to the research of Pramod K. Jali and Shamsher Singh et al., Internet

was the most common preferred medium for getting information. Data from their

research also shows that 48.8% students responded for internet and 16.5% for

textbook for getting information. 56.5% preferred internet over textbooks because of

latest updates, 20.9% for easy accessibility and 12.9% for time saving where as 9.7%

didn’t prefer internet over textbooks (Jali et al., 2014). Although the internet is widely

available to anyone who has access, other students still prefer traditional textbooks

rather than online resources.

The revolution of internet usage among different communities cannot be denied.

The information and communication technologies have spread all over the world and

people are getting advantages and latest information by use of Internet ( Chhachhar et al.,

2013).

While (Asemah,, Okpanachi & Edegoh, 2013) discussed that social medias have

negative effects on students academic performances. Social medias or specifically, the

internet, can have either effects on the students depending on how it is used. Students

who have interest in school and have the multi-tasking ability can have a positive

results, while students who have the opposite trait would likely fall down and have

negative effects in both of their behaviour and academic performance.

 Saint Michael College, Cantilan. Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

The major purpose of accessing Internet is education and entertainment. This is

supported because of the availability of multimedia information on the Web (Kadli et al.,

2012).

Among several motivating factors for using Internet, students strongly agree that

project work, quick and reliable communication, and the availability of updated

information are motivating factors (Kadli et al., 2012).

The respondents were investigated about the main reason and purpose of use of

Internet the result showed that 36.5% of the respondents used Internet for

entertainment. It was showed that most of the new social media and other technologies

have provided space and applications of entertainment to people and different kind of

things for attraction to the people for using the internet and spent more time

(Chhachhar, 2013).

Negative Impacts of Internet on Education

One of the disadvantages of using the Internet is the distraction. Students can

easily be distracted once they are online (Luaran et al., 2013). Moreover, the results

from their study showed that 38.5% of the participants admitted that they would have

the tendency to procrastinate their work. They tend to do it at the last minute because

they think that their tasks can easily be done with the help of the Internet. Another

reason was the tendency to plagiarize as information could be obtained easily.

Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram and other social media networking sites

can be a distraction to living and learning in the real world (Olaore, 2014).

The excessive usage of internet decreases the interaction among the family and

others peer groups. Furthermore, it is observed in these recent researches that

excessive usage of internet reduces the importance of their families in their lives (Abbas

et al., 2018).

According to Sushma et al. (2014), the more time spent in the internet, the higher

the chance that a student can be addicted to the internet. These studies right here
 Saint Michael College, Cantilan. Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

proves how positively and negatively the internet can affect the students behavior and

academic performances.

Though technology has made learning so easy and cheap, students get exposed

to data which is not approved and many times they just copy and pastes this information

they acquire online without any deep research on whether the data is correct. This has

increased the level of misinformation and failure in exam (Yousaf et al.,2019).

Moreover, their research also revealed that negative effects of technology includes

increase in sleep disorder as well as causing depression and damaging mental health.

From a teacher’s perspective, the results of the research study of Camilla

Brändström (2011) voices out the negative impacts of internet such as:

biased/unreliable information, students' cheating and extracurricular activities, and also

technical problems.

The side effects attributed to internet are based on their content, affective

problems and the persistent encouraging of violent behavior and other psychological

problems. Technology can easily be overused within the classroom, and this can cause

negative effects on the entire learning experience.

Positive Impacts of Internet on Education

Luaran et al. (2013), revealed that one of the advantages of using the Internet is

that it provides all kinds of information needed. The mobility and accessibility of the

Internet are the two things categorized as availability. Data from their research shows

that 55.4% of the respondents agreed that the Internet could be accessed from

anywhere and at all times. The respondents also stated that the Internet is easy to use.

52.3% of the respondents claimed that the Internet is simple and practical and could be

utilized by anyone.

In another study by Abbas et al. (2018), they have explored in their research that

excessive usage of internet has a great influence on the physical, cognitive and social

development of children.
 Saint Michael College, Cantilan. Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

The use of social media technologies widely used by students can have a

positive impact on students and a key factor for the students in achieving summative

grade and left the course early (Garcia et al., 2015).

From the respondents of Camilla Brändström’s (2011) research where there

were five teachers, they think that the Internet is a valuable source of information and

educational tool. Even though the internet poses negative impacts nevertheless, the

Internet can be used to find facts/recent news, dictionaries, exercises of various kinds,

authentic English texts, key pals in other countries, and to get ideas/different

perspectives. Moreover, the Internet allows variation/impulsiveness in teaching, makes

learning more enjoyable/interesting, motivates both students and teachers, and can be

a time-saver.

According to Hasmujaj and Bushati (2017), technology integration in the

educational process has the following benefits: 1) increased student motivation; 2)

increased student engagement; 3) increased student collaboration; 4, increased hands-

on learning opportunities; 5) allows for learning at all levels; 6) increased confidence in

students, and 6) increased technology skills.

Internet Dependency

Internet dependency, as coined by Davis (2001) is related to neglect of other life

areas, and is known to result in decreased work productivity and family time, strained

relationships, decreased communication within the family, decreased sleeping time,

reduced quality of meals, a narrowing range of interests, and the development or

exacerbation of mental health problems (Mahanti, 2016).

Internet dependency, or problematic internet use, has emerged as a new concept

of addiction (Odaci, 2011). Parallel to this increasing in society in general, it is also on

the rise among university students and is widely believed to have a negative impact on

their lives

Since students who exhibit problematic internet use are constantly concentrated

on the net and spend a very large part of their time on line, we think they are unable to
 Saint Michael College, Cantilan. Incorporated
Cantilan, Surigao del Sur
Senior High School Department

devote sufficient time to their academic work and studies and that they constantly

postpone the academic work they should be doing (Odaci, 2011).

There is a variance in the internet dependency between male and female

undergraduate students, male students are superior internet users (Mahanti, 2016). In

addition to this, in a research by Zamani (2011), their data found that male students

were found to be more likely to depend on the Internet. This could be the possible since

boys are more knowledgeable about modern technologies.