Machine Shop

Common Machine shop Tools/Equipment

1. Lathe Machine
2. Milling Machine
3. Broaching Machine
4. Power Saw
5. Drilling Machine
6. Boring Machine
7. Grinder Machine
8. Planer
9. Shaper
 Lathe Machine
• Is a machine for shaping a work-piece by
gripping it in holding device and rotating it
under power against a suitable cutting tool
for turning, boring, facing, or threading.
Types of Lathe Machine
Bench lathe
Engine Lathe
Turret Lathe
 Drilling Machine
• Is a device usually motor-driven fitted with an
end cutting tool that is rotated with sufficient
power either to create a hole or enlarge an
existing hole in a solid material. It is used
primarily for locating hole.
 Milling Machine
• Is an operation in which material can be
removed from a piece of work or job by
means of one or multiple –toothed cutting
tools (Cutters). It is normally used in the
fabrication of gears and other machine parts.
 Boring Machine
• Is a machine tool designed to machine
internal work such as a cylinder, holes, in
casting and dies.

Types of Boring Machine

Horizontal Type
Vertical Type
Jig and single type
 Broaching Machine
• Is a process of removing metals by pulling or
pushing over the surface of the work a long
tool which brings into action successively a
number of cutting teeth, steeped in size to
remove successive layers of metals. It is used
to cut internal keyways, splines and non-
circular holes.
 Tool Grinder
• Is a machine device used for grinding metal
piece to shape and change its form and for
sharpening cutting tools. It is also used for
grinding machine tool bits such as that for
milling machine, broaching tools, and tool
bits for screw thread cutting
 Power Saw
• Is a machine usually an electric motor used to
cut of materials from long bars to the proper
length. The work is held in a heavy rise and
this reciprocating saw is fed into the material.
On each return stroke, the blade is raised
slightly so that the saw teeth will not bear
upon the work.
 Shaper
• Is a machine suited for machining small parts
and are much used in die and tool making.
The shaper is smaller that the planer and
differs from it in that the tool is carried by
reciprocating ram over the stationary work.
 Planer
• A machine for shaping of a long flat or flat
contoured surface by reciprocating the work
piece under a stationary single point tool or
tools.it is designed for producing flat surfaces
too long or too heavy to hold in a shaper.
 Drill Press
• Is a machine tool which is used mainly to
produce holes in metal parts by the used of
rotating drill bit, which acts on a securely
held piece.
 Grinder machine/ Grinder
• Is a machine tool which uses rotating
abrasive wheels to smoothen parts and to
sharpen or shaped tools
 Band Saw
• Is a machine tools used to cut metal parts by
used of endless band with saw teeth moving
around the two pulleys
 Power Hack Saw
• Is a machine used to cut metals of light,
medium and large section using a
reciprocating hack saw blade
 Hydraulic Press
• A machine tool which consist of a ram, which
is being actuated by the pressure of hydraulic
fluid, which is used in various operations
such as bending, drawing, forged fitting or
disassembling of parts
 Mechanical Press
• Is a machine tool driven by an electric motor
or mechanical power source and is used in
sheet metal work like cutting, shearing,
bending, drawing and other sheet metal
forming operations.
 Turret Lathe
• Is a type of lathe which consist of multiple
station tool holders or turrets allowing the
production of multiple cuts
 Engine Lathe
• A lathe machine which always has a tailstock
which can be moved longitudinally along the
bed
 Precision Lathe
• A lathe machine that is built for delicate
operation or when too much precision is
needed in the work.
 Automatic Screw Machine
• Has only one spindle and it is used for turning
screw machine products or either four to six
spindles, which enables an operator to
machine 4 to 6 work pieces simultaneously
 Welding Machine
• Is a machine designed to join light and heavy
metals of all kinds by means of a process using
electric current
 Areas of Machine Shop
• Mass Production Area
• Tool and Die Area
• Assembly Area
• Foundry Area
• Welding Area
• Quality Control Area
• Stock Area
 Mass Production Area
• Is an area of machine shop where each
machine operators performs throughout the
same jobs
 Tool and Die
• Is an area of machine shop wherein necessary
dies and jigs needed for other machine shop
areas are formed and accomplished
 Assembly area
• Area wherein finish products are assembled to
form them into a tool, machine parts,
equipment or a machine.
 Foundry area
• Is an area where different metals is melted to
form them into a bloom, billet and etc.
 Welding Area
• Is an area where different welding kinds of
welding machine are used to perform the
necessary joining and cutting of metals
wherever necessary
 Quality Control Area
• It is an area considered as the heart of the
machine shop for reason than the quality of
the finish products represents the name of
company.
 Stock Area
• An area where finish products are kept. It is in
this area that proper maintenance such as
oiling and ventilation is required to kept the
products in good condition.
 Classification of Lathe
• Engine Lathe - it is the common machine used to
remove excess metal or a given stock by rotating the
work piece
• Precision Lathe – is a lathe machine used for delicate
operation or when too much precision is needed in the
work
• Turret lathe – a lathe machine that has atleast one
turret mounted at the end of the bed
• Automatic Screw Machine – is lathe machine that has
only one spindle is used for turning machine products
 Parts of Head Stock
• Head stock Spindle – is a part of lathe machine where
an attachment such as chuck, faceplate and etc. are
meshed or locked-in to add the work piece for turning
• Back Gear – is part of lathe machine which used to
transmit power from the spindle
• Motor – it converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy, which gives power to the lathe
• Switches – are used to “off” or “on” and “reverse” are
common signs in the lathe for easy machining
operation.
• Belt adjustment – are used to tighten or loosens the
belting system in the lathe
 Parts of Tail Stock
• Tail stock spindle – is a part where the dead center is held
• Tails Stock hand wheel – part of tailstock used to required
length.
• Upper casing – is the casing that holds the upper mechanism
of the tail stock
• Lower casing - is the casing that holds the lower mechanism
of the tail stock
• Tail stock – set over screw is responsible for the amount of
adjustment necessary for tailstock off, set when tapering by
the use of tailstock method
• Tail Stock clamp nut – it is used to loosed or tighten the
tailstock along the bed of the lathe
• Tail stock Bed Clamp – a cast material meshed in through the
bed to fix the tail stock at the required distance
 Parts of the bed
• Bed way – is a part of a bed where the other
parts of the lathe such as carriage assembly
moved longitudinally
• Chip Pond – is where the chip is deposited to
free the operator from any action in the chips fly
out
• Base – it supports the bed, head stock, carriage
and tailstock commonly made of cast iron.
• Leg – it is support of the base
 Parts of Carriage
• Carriage hand – wheel moves the entire system longitudinally along the bed
manually or automatically.
• Tool Post – it is the part of carriage where the cutter is held
• Cross Feed automatic assembly – part of carriage responsible for the necessary
feed adjustment set in the micrometer collar
• Half nut lever – is the part that engage and disengage to cut the required number
of pitch of the screw when threading.
• Thread Chaser – denotes the necessary line in the dial when cutting any pitch of
thread per inch of screw
• Apron – it is the lower part that holds the gearing mechanism to move carriage
either manually or automatically
• Automatic Longitudinal Lever – it used for automatic engaging or disengaging
• Feed Clutch – it is used to direct left, right or neutral position of the carriage as
required in the work
• Saddle – it is sometimes used for mounting the work piece
• Rack Gear – is the gear located in the bed specially at the bottom of one of the
bed ways and screwed longitudinally to guide carriage when moving
 Parts Threading Mechanism
• Spindle gear
• Reverse gear lever
• Fixed stud gear
• Lead screw
• Gear box
• Lead screw gear
• Thumbling lever
• Lead screw and feed rod lever
• Feed rod
• Thread table chart
 Common Lathe machine attachment
and accessories
• Chuck – a part of lathe that holds the material to be
turn
• Dead center – is used to attached the tailstock spindle
to support one end of material to be turned
• Taper attachment – its used when the necessary
amount of taper is set for tapering operation
• Mandrel – is used to hold the material to be turned in
proper place for easy and mass production machining
process
• Lathe jig – used to help/hold material of having small
diameter which mounted on the lathe between two
centers
 Common Lathe machine attachment
and accessories
• Tool Holder – used to hold cutting tool for right hand turn
and left hand turn
• Face plate or drive plate – used as chuck when turning work
that is mounted between the two centers
• Drill chuck – used to hold drill, reamer, counter sinker and
other necessary parts in the work held in the lathe
• Chuck key – it used to tighten or loosen the chuck
• Knurling tools –used to cut different forms of surface by the
used of different forms of knurling tools
• Steady rest it is used to support long and slender shaft with
one held in the chuck or mounted on the lathe center
• Follows rest – attachment to the saddle of the lathe to
support work piece that are liable to spring away from the
cutting tool
 Types of chuck
• Independent chuck – it has four jaws that must be
move independently when centering the work piece
• Universal chuck – it has 3 jaws that move automatically
as an amount of movement in one of the three jaws is
done by using chuck keys
• Combination chuck – it has 6 or 7 jaws that can be used
to act as universal or independent chuck
• Magnetic chuck – has a bar of magnet inside that tends
to hold the material in proper place
• Collet chuck – used to hold material by meshing inside
• Step chuck and closer – used to hold thin work piece
without damaging the outside diameter of the work
 Type of centers for lathe machine
• Dead Center – is a center which is being used
when mounting the work into the tail stock
• Live center – is one of the center being used
when mounting the work between centers
 Types of mandrel
• Home made mandrel – a mandrel made of soft
metal or hard wood, used to prevent the work
piece to be meshed, especially soft metals of thin
cylinders
• Taper mandrel - used to hold taper works such as
internal tapers
• Threaded mandrel – used to hold work piece with
either external or internal threads
• Gang mandrel – used to turn the same material
of many pieces and materials of different forms
and sizes and turn these at the same time