INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

314307 – Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Session: Fall 2020 Assessment: Online final Exam Prepared by: M. Shaban
Max Marks: 100 Max Time Allowed: 3 hrs Approved by: Prof. Dr. Asif Israr
Dept: Mechanical Engineering Course Code: R&AC-ME

Instructions for Students

 Sit in a quiet room during the exam time. Prepare answer sheets in advance.
 Write your particulars including Name, Registration Number, Batch, Subject Name, Date on the first sheet.
 Write your registration number on top of all answer sheets that you use.
 Place your Student ID Card with you during exam for invigilation purposes
 Your video/mic should be turned on during the duration of the exam
 Ask any questions from the teacher during the first 10 minutes only. After that, no query will be entertained at all.
 You are not allowed to leave the examination room before submitting/uploading the answer sheets.
 Solutions will not be accepted through any other medium except MS Teams. No solution will be acceptable after due time.
 The preparation of solution is an individual effort and is assumed to be completed with all academic honesty.
 Cheating by all means is prohibited and any such attempt may lead to serious consequences.
 Convert your answer sheet into PDF and save it with file name format (Student Reg No-R&AC-ME)
 30 min will be given to upload the file after the exam time
 All questions are to be attempted

Question # 1
i. What are the methods generally used to for capacity control of the compressor?
ii. Prove that how the choice of impeller and refrigerant are interrelated?
iii. Explain briefly that how pressure ratio across the compressor (condensing to evaporating pressure) affects actually
volumetric efficiency of the reciprocating compressor
iv. The effect of change in evaporating and condesing temperature on volumetric efficiency and mass flow rates are
shown in figures 1 and 2 below. In figure 2 both volumetric efficiency and mass flow rates lines behaviour is same,
but in figure 1 it is not. Why So. Give short reasoing?

Figure 1: Work of compression and power required by Figure 2: Work of compression and power required by
an ideal compressor, Refrigerant 22, 4.5 % clearance, 50 an ideal compressor, Refrigerant 22, 4.5 % clearance, 50
L/s displacement rate, and 35 oC condensing L/s displacement rate, and -20 oC evaporating
temperature. temperature.

[Marks-4+7+15+6]

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Question#2
Consider a cooling tower in which 15 m3/s of air enters at 32+last digit of your registration number oC dry-bulb and 24 oC
wet-bulb temperature and an atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa and then passing through the water shower in cooling tower
the air leaves saturated at 31oC, (a) to what temperature can this airstream cool a spray of water entering at 38 oC with a
flow rate of 20 kg/s and (b) how many kilograms per second of make-up water must be added to compensate for the water
that is evaporated?
[Marks-15]
Question # 3
Investigate the impact of throttling device on the performance of vapor compression cycle. Universally throttling device is
used to reduce the pressure of the liquid refrigerant in the vapor-compression cycle.

(a) Determine the percent saving in net-work of the cycle per kilograms of refrigerant if an expansion engine would be used
to expand saturated liquid refrigerant 22 isentropically from 30+ last digit of your registration number oC to the evaporator
temperature of 0 oC. Assume that compression is isentropic from saturated vapor at 0 oC to a condenser pressure
corresponding to 30+ last digit of your registration number oC.
(b) Calculate the increase in refrigerating effect in kilojoules per kilograms resulting from use of expansion engine.
[CLO-3; PLO-4; Marks-15]
Question # 4
A refrigerant 22 compressor with a displacement rate of 60 L/s operates in a refrigeration system that maintains a constant
condensing temperature of 30+30+ last digit of your registration number oC. Analyze the performance of this compressor
by computing the power requirement of the compressor at evaporating temperatures of -20 and 20 oC. Use the actual
volumetric efficiencies from figure3. below.
[CLO-1; PLO-2; Marks-20]

.
Figure 3

Question # 5
Analyze the condenser design process by finding the condensing area for a refrigerant 22 condenser of a refrigerating system
that provides a capacity of 60+last two digits of your registration number kW for air conditioning. The evaporating
temperature is 5 oC, and the condensing temperature is 45 oC at design conditions. Water from a cooling tower enters the
condenser at 30 oC and leaves at 35 oC.
(A) A two pass condenser with 42 tubes, arranged as shown in figure 4 below will be used, and the length of tubes is to be
specified to provide the necessary area. The tubes are copper and are 14 mm ID and 16 mm OD.

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(B) Using the same configuration (figure 4) rectangular tubes in vertical direction, length of 3 m perform the necessary
calculations
(Refrigerant 22: µ = 0.000180 Pa.s, κ = 0.0779 W/m.K),(For Water µ = 0.000773 Pa.s, κ = 0.617 W/m.K, ρ = 1000kg/m3,
Cp = 4190 J/kg.K ). Assume fouling factor 1/hff = 0.000176 m2.K/W. Also assume heat rejection ratio = 1.27.
[CLO-2; PLO-3; Marks-18]

Figure 4: Tube arrangement of condenser used in above

Question

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