Narrative Text.

As we know there are many kinds of text so in this occasion I want to share about
Narrative Text. In this case I want to share about the function, generic structure
and example of Narrative Text. The explanation is below.
<>  Function :
Narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (imaginative narrative text
is a story that aims to entertain people)or to amuse the readers.
If you look at the English dictionary, literally meaningful of narrative :
1. a spoken or written account of connected events of a story.
2. the narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from dialogue.
3. the practice or art of narration. 
So it can be concluded that a narrative text is a text which contains a story either
written or unwritten, and there is a series of connected events. and the social
function is to entertain or amuse the reader or listener.
<> Generic Structure of Narrative Text :
 Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the
story are introduced
 Complication: Where the problems in the story developed.
 Resolution: Where the problems in the story is solved.
Sometimes the arrangement (generic structure) of narrative text can contain:
Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution and Reorientation.
Although the “Evaluation” and”Reorientation” is optional; may be added, and
could not. Evaluation provides assessment /evaluation of the course of the story or
conflict. While Reorientation contains content inference ending.
<> Language features of Narrative text :
 Description of characters and places using:
Adjectives to describe nouns – heavy, frosty, transparent, grumpy
 Adverbs – to describe verbs – quickly, secretly, quietly, energetically,
suddenly
 Similes – to compare one thing with another, using like or as … as – as
bright as the moon, the kiss felt like a butterfly’s wings against her cheek
 Time words – Once upon a time, long ago, then, last week
 Verbs indicating actions in the story – hid, ate, ran, whispered, looked
Grammar (grammar) that often arise in making the narrative text are:
Using tenses “Past“, both simple, past perfect, past continuous, past perfect
continuous, past or future could be continuous
.
<> Example Narrative text :
Snow White
        Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her
aunt and uncle because her parents were died.
         One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in
the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough
money to take Snow White with them.
           Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run
away. The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were
having breakfast, she run away into the wood.
            In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She
knocked but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep
         Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside.
There, they found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said;
“What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the
dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole
story about her. Then Snow white and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.
Generic Structure Analysis :
1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; Snow White
2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: Snow White’s aunt and uncle
would leave her in a castle, Snow White run away, Snow White felt hungry
in the wood.
3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the dwarfs permitted Snow White lived in
their cottage lived happily
 
Another example of Narrative Text
The Smartest Animal
       Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he
ploughed his field with his buffalo.
       One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working in the field. The tiger
was very surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted
to know more about the big animal and the small animal.
      After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo; “you are so big and
strong. Why do you do everything the man tells you?” The buffalo answered; “oh,
the man is very intelligent”.
       The tiger asked; “can you tell me how intelligent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell
you”, said the buffalo; “but you can ask him”
       So the next day the tiger asked to the man; “Can I see your intelligence?”. But
the man answered; “it at home”. “Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes”
said the man; “but I am afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie
you to a tree?”
      After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn’t go home to get his
intelligence. He took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know
about my intelligence even you haven’t seen it.
Generic Structure Analysis :
1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; farmer and his buffalo, once in
Laos
2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: the tiger wanted to know more
about the farmer and the buffalo, the tiger wanted to know about the
farmer’s intelligence.
3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the farmer hit the tiger

Narrative Text adalah teks yang menceritakan sesuatu yang imajinatif atau sesuatu
yang hanya karangan si pembuat dan tujuannya hanya untuk menghibur pembaca.

1. Jenis-jenis Narrative Text 

         Ada beberapa jenis narrative text , yaitu sebagai berikut :
  a. fables (Cerita tentang binatang yang digambarkan berprilaku seperti manusia)
  b. fairy stories (Cerita yang bersifat fantastik, penuh dengan keajaiban)
  c. myth
  d. romance

  e. legends
  f.  personal experience (pengalaman pribadi yang ditulis)

2. Generic Structure Narrative Text

a. Orientation
Yaitu pengenalan yang berupa : cerita tentang apa (what is the story about), siapa
pelaku dalam cerita itu (who is the participant), dimana cerita itu terjadi (where is the
place setting) dan kapan cerita itu terjadi (when is the time setting).

b. Complication
Yaitu permasalahan/konflik yang terjadi pada cerita. Bagian ini merupakan inti dari
cerita narrative. Konflik tersebut dapat dibedakan menjadi : 
- Physical Conflict
Yaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena adanya kontak fisik atau segala sesuatu yang
berhubungan dengan fisik.
- Natural Conflict
Yaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena pelaku cerita berhadapan dengan kekuatan
alam.
- Social Conflict
Yaitu permasalahan yang timbul karena para pelaku itu saling berhadapan. Mereka
bertemu pada waktu yang sama dengan berbeda kepentingan.
- Psychological Conflict
Yaitu Permasalahan yang timbul ketika pelaku cerita itu berhadapan dengan dirinya
sendiri. Pertentangan antara nilai baik dan buruk, antara sifat rakus dan tenggang rasa.

c. Resolution
Yaitu solusi atau penyelesaian dari suatu masalah atau konfik yang timbul dalam
cerita. Dalam Narrative text, setiap permasalahan yang muncul harus ada
penyelesaiannya, bisa ditutup dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happy ending) atau
tidak sedikit berakhir tragis, menyedihkan (sad ending).

d. Re-Orientation 
Ini adalah pernyataan penutup cerita dan itu hanyalah opsional. Ini terdiri dari pelajaran
moral, nasihat atau pengajaran dari penulis
.

3. Language Features
a. Menggunakan pola kalimat Simple Past Tense
b. Biasanya dimulai dengan kata keterangan waktu (Adverbs of Time) . Seperti : long
time ago..., once, one, once upon a time.
c. Menggunakan kata penghubung waktu
d. Terkadang terdapat dialog antartokoh

D. Example of Narrative Text 

The Ugly Duckling
One upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just
wished the eggs would break out.

Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings
appeared. "Peep, peep" the little ducklings cried. "Quack, quack" their mother greeted in
return.

However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days.
Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at
him in surprise. He was so big and very gray. He didn't look like the others at all. He
was like a turkey.

When the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson.,
the huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings
did. "That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite handsome" the mother
said proudly.

However, the other animals didn't agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day.
Even his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. "You are very ugly" they quacked.

The little poor duckling was very unhappy. "I wish I looked like them" he thought to
himself. One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling
lived alone through the cold and snow winter. Finally the spring flowers began to bloom.
While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward
him. "Oh, dear. these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too" he said to himself. But
the swans did not attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their
bills. As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the
water. He could not believe his eyes. "I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam"
he exclaimed.

He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and
was happier than he had never been.

Hello!!! You are here!! How are you?

Well I think you are in a great condition…
What’s our lesson now? Yes, you’ll learn about narrative text. By the way, do you know what
narrative text is??
Before I tell you the definition of narrative text, I want to ask you first.
Have you ever heard the story of Cinderella, Malin Kundang, Snow White, or maybe Kancil
Nyolong Timun??
Perhaps your father told you those stories when you were child. You also read those stories in a
story book.
Those stories are interesting. You like to read those stories to entertain yourself. You feel curios
and want to know what happen to your favorite character in the end of the story. You like the
character, the conflict, and the plot of the story. Besides, you can get moral values from those
stories. Although you know that the story does not really happen in our real life, you still like it.
Well, those stories belong to NARRATIVE TEXT. I think you know what narrative text is.

Narrative text has a social function. The social function is to entertain or amuse the reader or
listener.
Below is the example of narrative text.
Have you read the story? It tells about Snow White. However, the story is different with the story
you have known. The conflict is very simple, but you are still entertained, right?
Now, we’ll discuss about the generic structure of narrative text. Commonly, there are three parts
of text in narrative. Those are ORIENTATION, COMPLICATION, and RESOLUTION.
However some narrative stories have a COD
THE GENERIC STRUCTURE
 ORIENTATION
             It tells the audience about who is in the story, when the story is taking place and where
the action is happening.
 COMPLICATION
             It sets off a chain of events that influence what will happen in the story.
 RESOLUTION
             The characters finally sort out the complication.
 CODA
It contains moral values.
Here the generic structure of Snow White
 After we
discuss about the definition, social function, and generic structure of narrative, now you will
learn about language features of narrative.
LANGUAGE FEATURES OF NARRATIVE TEXT
 Past tense (killed, drunk,etc)
 Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
 Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
 Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow
White, Alibaba, etc)
 Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
 Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow
White). The direct speech uses present tense.
Well, you have known about the definition, social function, generic structure, and language
structures of narrative. Do you understand?? Do my explanation answer your question? If you
don’t understand the material, you can ask me in our meeting or send me e-mail
(devaniqua_pika@yahoo.co.id).
You can go to the reading, writing, listening, and speaking page to check your understanding..
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