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uhat
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qton a plaun tat ith thu hulb a Aal
2 hat is thu 6tale?
&ns t å the ualio betuuun the oustana cuy iuo pes
on th map arnd on the quucund

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an
angulan oliutanu peom the equatos that peom 090
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4 hat oL longibiudus
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 Longitude Latitude
refer to
The meridians of longitude | The parallels of latitude
in degrees,
retur to the angular distance, in | the angular distance,
seconds ofa point north
dogrees, minutes, and seconds, of minutes andthe
or south of Equator.
a point east or west of the Prime
reenwieh) Meridian.
of latitude are often referred
Naue L.ines ot longitude are often | Lines
meridians, to as parallels.
referred to as

0" longitude ia called prime 0° latitude is called equator.

meridian.
divides the earth into northern
divides the earth intoeastern |lt southern hemisphere.
and western hemisphere and
hemisphere
hemiaphere
in number: 90 in
180
J60 in number: 180
in | These are

N hese are
and 180 southern hemisphere and 90 in
thee eanteern hemisphere
|
hemisphere. northern hemisphere.
n the w e s t e r n
tinme of a It helps to determine temperature
gfito i helps to determine of a place.

nat equal.
These are equal.
4re
T'hes

. wina nlaces with the help of vour atlas and write their
 Kaemelor Imstiwmetuard e meoura oAa

PRomimete
amele Tnltumet wmed t e meouya area

Moks an alyo useul to bolthual Jeadeus dawung elocticn

what aut Contous 9

Corrlouus as imagn Lne uinung th blaus o equa
hught abau ta lus
 1nat s the dunu betiuun local time and standaict
T

Lntal hma Standaud im

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Lsbect to cueu huael sun urthal blau 6elecid fou
at neon th buubose hring loral time
in utholt counluy alled
standatd time U
 Calegeph > s an a t ,, LoensoOnd Tachmoloiy
e Makinj mops, Chals Qndl
modis o Yohicol eapreBios
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limeCemeding to
eaualair Presaure plao, f
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quak peralee pla cas

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equal amuout e xmall
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haploas
l

Aochren Thse_r
eual raye mo

pLous eauno humidy

Placaoeuel olapttiUn der wti

Cada MapA hese Mopa Ore

preperad b Tl
gevt.oyptt T Aneu eiads of_Qerstuf
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Map r L mpA tuih so geual
F" aims
Am area
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phical Map
amdare brepaireolim Doni
ve Naled Mojaf
o Sxs aps mada d
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Culaol Maps are o mapA Luuch Anew al!

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asa w (renic d Nes Oceas

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Roads, metalled:according to improtance; distance stone
Roads, unmetalled: according to improtance; bridge
Cart-track,Pack-track and pass. Foot-path with bridge
Streams: with track in bed; undefined. Canal
Dams: masonary or rock-filled; earthwork, Weir wwwww% www.www
River dry with water channe; with islands and rocks. Tidal river
Swamp, Reeds
Wells: lined; unlined.
Spring. Tanks: perennial: dry +
Embankments: road or rail
Railway, broad gauge: double; single with station; under construction
RS
Railway other gauges:double; single with distance stone; under constrn.
Light Railway or tramway, Telegraph line. Cutting with tunnel

Contours, Cliffs

Sand features (1) flate (2) sand hills (permanent) (3) dunes (shifting)
Towns or Villages : inhabited; deserted. Fort x
Huts: permanent
temporary.Tower Antiquities
Temple. Chhatri. Church. Mosque. Idgah. Tomb. Graves.

Lighthouse, Lightship. Buoys: lighted ; unlighted. Anchorage

A
Mine. Vine on trellis. Grass. Scrub
Rwww%
Palms: Palmyra; other. Plantain. Conifer. Bamboo. Other trees.
Boundary, international

Boundary,state:demarcated; undemarcated
Boundary, district: subdivision, tahsil or taluk; forest
Boundary. pilars: surveyed; unlocated; village trijunction
Heights, triangulated: station: point;approximate A 200 200 200
Bench-mark: geodetic; teritary; canal BM63.3. DM 63.3, 63
Post office. Telegraph Ofmce. Combined office. Police station. PO, TO. PTO, PS
Bungalows; dak or travellers; inspection. Rest-house DB, IB, RH
Circuit house. Camping ground.
CH, CG
Forest: reserved: protected
RF PF
A number of methods have been used to show the relief features of the Earth's surface on maps, over the years.
These methods include hachure, hill shading, layer tints, benchmarks and spot heights and contours. However,
contours and spot heights are predominantly used to depict the relief of an area on all topographical maps.
Conventional Signs and SyaB
Fort Metalled Road

Church Cart track

Pagoda :Pack-track
d Graveyard : : Foot-path with bridge
Chhatri Aerodrome

Mosque ught-house
L Temple Electric power Line

PO Post Office Perennial Stream

PS Police Station Dry Stream

RH Rest House Canal

CH Circuit House Dry River

Dam with masonry
IB Inspection Bunglow vYYwYYwork
Railway station wwww Dam with earth work

Permenant Hut
Broad GaugeRailway
Level Crossing Temporary Hut

Metalled Road Tower Antiquities