GRAMMAR C1 THE ADVERB

CATEGORY
SUBCATEGORY FORM/USE CAN-DO STATEMENT EXAMPLE
Adverbs as modifiers DEGREE, WITH Can use a wide range of adverbs ▪ It deals with the friendship between two completely different men.
ADJECTIVES with adjectives to express degree or ▪ It is extremely important that the project is finished before September.
intensity. ▪ The last thing I would like to mention is that you have lost a single passenger's
luggage three times, which is totally unacceptable.
Adverbs and adverb DEGREE, Can use an increasing range of degree ▪ The attitude of young people today towards keeping fit and healthy has almost
phrases MODIFYING adverbs to modify a range of adverb completely changed.
ADVERBS types. ▪ Moreover, making use of some techniques I practised in my classes is
something which happens to me quite frequently.
▪ The mobile market is growing incredibly fast in Britain and your company is
leading this process.
▪ Recently, the charity organised a fun-raising day, which went reasonably well.
Adverbs and adverb DEGREE, Can use degree adverbs ('slightly', 'a ▪ My Spanish is slightly more fluent than my English, because I lived in Spain
phrases MODIFYING bit', 'much') to modify comparatives. longer than in England.
COMPARATIVES ▪ It will be a bit more expensive than the bus but it's safer and quicker.
▪ Despite all the controversies between these two generations, the grandchildren
shouldn't forget that their grandparents are much more experienced.
Adverbs as modifiers CERTAINTY Can use a wide range of adverbs to ▪ It was undoubtedly an unforgettable experience.
indicate degrees of certainty. ▪ Television programs are undeniably a way of keeping ourselves well-informed and
open to a special knowledge of every aspect of our lives.
▪ I bought a skirt, a pair of jeans and a white dress, because I absolutely need new
clothes for your party!
Adverbs as modifiers STANCE Can use a wide range of stance adverbs ▪ Obviously, everybody has the right to be on a strike.
(simply, truly, surely, apparently, ▪ We can't truly blame ourselves for this unlucky beginning.
naturally, surprisingly, inevitably, ▪ Apparently, someone made a mistake writing the details I gave over the
literally, exceptionally, frankly, clearly, phone.
amazingly, wisely, admittedly) to ▪ Naturally, I inclined towards the second option.
indicate an attitude or viewpoint, often ▪ Luckily for me, I stayed with a kind and helpful host family but they lived four
in clause initial position. miles from the school.
Adverb phrases ADVERB+ADVERB Can modify a wide range of adverbs ▪ Even the beautiful, attractive cover and the extra Audio CD aren’t enough to
with other adverbs. justify the slightly higher price, especially because the value of this game will
drop extremely rapidly.
▪ Firstly, we should get some TV airtime, to catch the attention of a large number
of people effectively and achieve a substantial market penetration relatively
quickly.
Adverb phrases ADVERB+ENOUGH Can post-modify adverbs with 'enough ▪ Surprisingly enough, Meal's management was very responsive.
to intensify'. ▪ Sadly enough, I wasn't able to find any job proposals for us myself, so I'll just
have to speculate on the results of your work.
▪ Luckily enough, we have a garden where we can cook over an open fire, and as
the temperatures in June are rather enjoyable here in Sweden, it actually works.
Adverb phrases ADVERB+ Can post-modify adverbs with a ▪ Luckily for you, I kept notes on everything we did, so I proudly present to you
PREPOSITIONAL complex prepositional phrase the top 4 of our course-days.
PHRASES complement, to highlight information. ▪ Unfortunately for some of them, the "holiday of their dreams" turned out to
be rather nightmarish.
▪ Especially in the period of 1999-2001, it shot up from 5 points to 7 points.
▪ Probably in the next ten or more years, the engineering profession will be as
much respected as it used to be twenty years ago.
ADVERBS OF Cannot be used in front position. ▪ I get paid monthly.
DEFINITE ▪ We eat together weekly.
FREQUENCY:
DAILY, WEEKLY,
MONTHLY.
MID POSITION: Can be used in different positions ▪ She always travels by taxi and she's never late.
WITH TO BE, THEY accompanying different verb ▪ I have never seen a rainbow.
GO AFTER THE categories.
Frequency
VERB. WITH THE
REST OF VERBS,
THEY GO BEFORE.
BEFORE NEGATIVE Must be used before the negative ▪ I still haven't found what I'm looking for.
AUXILIARY: auxiliary.
SOMETIMES, STILL,
DEFINITELY AND
PROBABLY.

END POSITION: Cannot be used in end position unless ▪ I hardly ever watch television.
HARDLY EVER, we add "very" ▪ I eat desserts very rarely.
NEVER.
Sentence advs- BOTH USES, Can be used in two different positions in ▪ She behaved quite naturally/clearly.
adverbs of manner. DIFFERENT the sentence. ▪ Clearly/Naturally, wild animals behave differently in captivity.
MEANINGS
Adjectives that look INVARIABLE: Cannot be made into adverbs the usual ▪ He left in a cowardly way.
like adverbs, finishing COWARDLY, way.
in -ly LOVELY FRIENDLY,
LONELY,