CCE502: Mobile Communications

Lecture 5: 2.75G (EDGE)

PREPARED BY
DR. SHERIF HEKAL
  GSM Evolution Towards 3G.

 Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching.

 EDGE Overview

 Modulation & Coding Schemes for EDGE

 EDGE Air Interface and Channels

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 GSM Evolution Towards 3G
GSM

Circuit Packet
Switching Switching

1 Combining resources (TSs) Combining resources (TSs) 3

CSD GPRS
One Coding Scheme (9.6kbps) Coding Schemes (CS1 ⇨ CS4)

Combining resources (TSs)

2 Combining resources (TSs) HSCSD EDGE New Modulation (8 PSK) 4
Coding Schemes (9.6kbps & 14.4kbps)
Coding Schemes (MCS1 ⇨ MCS9)

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Circuit-Switched Data Transmission over GSM
 In Circuit Switching (CS), all resources for a voice or data session are set up at the beginning of
the call and are reserved for the user until the end of the call.
 The dedicated resources assure a constant bandwidth and end-to-end delay time.
 While circuit-switched data transmission is ideally suited for voice transmissions, there are a
number of severe disadvantages for data transmission with variable bandwidth usage. Web
browsing is a typical application with variable or ‘bursty’ bandwidth usage.

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Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS
 Packet Switching (PS) is the method of collecting data in packets before it is sent over the network.
 It would be far better for bursty data applications to request resources to send and receive data and
release them again after the transmission.
 As there is no longer a logical end-to-end connection, every packet has to contain a header.
 It is flexibly allocating bandwidth on the air interface which provides more data rates.

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Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS
 GPRS dramatically reduces the call set-up time.
 GPRS is usually charged by volume and not by time. When no data is transferred, the
call/session does not have to be disconnected to save costs.
 With the enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) update of the GSM system, further
speed improvements have been made.

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EDGE (Enhanced Data
Rate for GSM Evolution)

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 EDGE Overview

 also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS).

 Increase data rates up to 384 kbps.

 Introduces a new modulation technique (8PSK) and channel coding.

 The last step before UMTS.

 It is built on an existing GSM/GPRS system.

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 EDGE Overview
 Have the same symbol rate of GMSK.
 Each symbol is represented by 3 bits.
 8PSK generates same interference on adjacent channels as GMSK.
 We use the same channel structure and width and frequency plan of GPRS
 By using 8PSK, EDGE puts three bits into a single transmission step. This way,
data transmission speeds can be up to three times faster compared to GSM
and GPRS which both use GMSK modulation which only transmits a single bit
per transmission step.

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EDGE Overview
 Another advantage of the new modulation and the nine different coding schemes is a precise
use of the best modulation and coding for the current radio conditions.
 This is done in the terminal by constantly calculating the current bit error probability (BEP)
and reporting the values to the network. The network in turn can then adapt its current
downlink modulation and coding to the appropriate value.
 For the uplink direction the network can measure the error rate of data that was recently
received and instruct the mobile to change its MCS accordingly.
 As both network and terminal can report the BEP very quickly it is possible to also quickly
adapt to changing signal conditions especially when the terminal is moving in a car or train.
This reduces the error rate and ensures the highest transmission speed in every radio
condition.

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Modulation & Coding Schemes for EDGE

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Modulation & Coding Schemes for EDGE

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Modulation & Coding Schemes for EDGE

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GPRS Coding Schemes

Bitrate including Bitrate excluding

GPRS RLC/MAC RLC/MAC
Modulation Code rate
Coding scheme overhead overhead
(kbit/s/slot) (kbit/s/slot)
CS-1 9.20 8.00 GMSK 1/2
CS-2 13.55 12.00 GMSK ≈2/3
CS-3 15.75 14.40 GMSK ≈3/4
CS-4 21.55 20.00 GMSK 1

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EDGE Coding Schemes

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EDGE Channels
Channel Function
Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBCCH
It broadcasts parameters used by the MS to access the network for packet transmission operation.
Packet Common Control Channel
PCCCH = PPCH + PRACH + PAGCH + PNCH
It contains:
PCCCH • The packet Paging Channel (PPCH).
• The Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH).
• The Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH).
• The Packet Notification Channel (PNCH).
Packet Data Traffic Channel
PDTCH has a gross transmission rate of 22.8 kbps with GMSK modulation and 69.2 kbps using 8PSK
PDTCH
modulation.
All packet data traffic channels are uni-directional, either uplink for MOPT or downlink for MTPT.

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EDGE Channels
Channel Function
Packet Associated Control Channel
PACCH
It is signaling channel related to a PDTCH.
Packet Timing Advance Control Channel
It is uplink and downlink
PTCCH The PTCCH/U is used to transmit random access bursts to estimate the timing advance for one MS in
packet transfer mode.
The PTCCH/D is used to transmit timing advance updates for several MSs.

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key parameters of GSM EDGE cellular technology
PARAMETER DETAILS
Multiple Access Technology TDMA/FDMA
Duplex Technique FDD
Channel Spacing 200 kHz
Modulation GMSK, 8PSK
Slots per channel 8
Frame duration 4.615 ms
Latency Better than 100 ms
Overall symbol rate 270 k symbols / s
Overall modulation bit rate 810 kbps
Radio data rate per time slot 69.2 kbps
Max user data rate per time slot 59.2 kbps (MCS-9)
Max user data rate when using 8 time slots 473.6 kbps *

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Thank You

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