Mole concept

counting
microscopic
→ Mole is
in
unit used
for
like electrons
objects
protons ,
chemistry
neutrons cations,
g
,
anions ,
atoms
,

or molecules .

Mole → 6 •
02 ✗ 1023

Atomic mass → Atom art mass

electron
atomic
proton mass
of a
-

neutron mas
single atom .

1840
mpymn
=
me
=
me + Mp 1- Mn

9. I ✗ 103km Me = 9 I . ✗ 10-31 kg

1. 67×10-2+8 Mp
= 1.67 ✗ 10-27 kg
"
mm
= 1. 67 ✗ 10
-27kg
Atomic mass mptmn + me →
neglect /ignore
=
 1 kg = 1000 cubic cm water ]-

mass

1m = distance travelled
by light In vacuum

in 1- see

299792458

mass
of 1 atom :

¥ ( mass of one C- 12 atom

)
↳ amu

of long gon (
16×42 of c- 12
)
mass atom : mass

atom
↳ 16 amu

of Sodium atom (mass of atom

23×1-2
:
mass 1 1 C- 12

↳ 23 amu

of 1 nitrogen atom 14×1-2 ( of )

: mass 1 C- 12
mass
atom
↳ Kamu

1 amu
→
¥
✗ mass
of 1 atom
of C- 12

spectrometer : mass
of microscopic objects .

↳
10-2From
(e n,
,
n
)
1.99
of 1 C- 12 atom = ✗
mass

1 amu
=
1/12 × 1 .
99×10-23 gram
I amu
= 1. 66 ✗ 10 -27kg
=
1 .
66 ✗ 10 -2480m
is represented in
Mass
of one atom amu .

mass
11
of 1 atom
of H = 1 amie
11 11 1 1 11
NI = 20 Ahhhh
"
Fe so
I I
'

i. !
' =
amu
, 11
AM =
40 amu

Relative atomic Mass

mass of Maman =
70kg

of Kstutry 140kg
=
mass

① of kstutiy
7÷okfgµ
mass manan wort =

② of kstutgwrt Maman
=1I8-k¥
mass

Relative atomic is unit less

mass a
quantity
Relative atomic mass mass
of 1
oxygen
atom
of oxygen
atom
4,2 (mass atom
of 1 C- 12

band #
=
=

Oxygen 1 amu

✗
16 16 amie

↳ ↳ Atomic mass or
RAM
mass
of 1 atom of oxygen
Atomic mass and relative atomic mass
only
in unit
differs .

Atomic Mass → it tells that How

many heavier
element is
times an

mm mm atom
than
of an

( y 2),
✗ mass
of one C- 12
atom

Molecular Mass → sum of atomic mass

of all elements is
molecular mass

H2O = H→ 2

0 → 1
molecular mass =
2 ✗ AM
of H + I ✗ AM
of 0

=
2×1 + 2 ✗ 16
=
18

H 2504 H → 2

s → I

0 84
Molecular mass =
2 ✗ It 1×32 + 4×16
= 98 u

40 16
¥03 + 12+3 ×

= 100 u
 Sugar Gz 422011

=
12×12 + 22×1+11×16

34¥
=

k4[ Felon)o ]
-74×39=+56-6×(12+14)
368

mgclz.co/1z0-
24+2×35.5+6118)
24+71+1018

203
Molar Mass
Mass
of 1 mole substance in
grams is
molar mass

1 mole 6.02 1023 Particles

✗

1 mole =) 6.02×1023 electrons protons / neutrons

1 mole 6.02×1023 ions cations/ Anions

1 mole 6.02×1023 =
Avogadro 's Number =
NA

Mass
of ? one
pen is 5
gram
then
find molar mass

of her
1 Pen 5
gram
2 Pen5×2
6. 02×1023
pens 5 ✗ 6.02 ✗ 1023

Mass of 1 Bahubali is 70kg then

find molar
Bahubali ?
mass
of
&
70kg =) 70000 7 ✗ 10 gram

Molar mass =) 7×6.02×1027 NAA

 Trick
Nolan mass =( mass
of 1 unit in
gram ✗ 6.02×1023

Molar Mass
Of Oxygen Atom 16am ✗ 6.02×1023
16×1.66×10 -24×6.02×1023

Molar mass
of sodium atom 23 6.02×1023 amie ✗

Molar mass
of sulphur atom=) 32 amnio 02×1023 .

1. 66×10 -24×6.02×1023
1. 7×6 10-24×1023
✗

10.2×10-1
1.021 ①
Molar
Moolah
mass
"
of sodium
"
onygeu
atom
"
=

=
16 gram
23 gram

Sulphur 32
" " " " =

go.am

Relative Atomic Mass Mass

of 1 atom Molar Mass

16 16 gram
Oxygen 16 omen

sodium 23 23 amu
232am

Sulphur 32 32 amu 32
gram

Molar Mass ( Atomic Masham

 Calculation
of mole
from mass

Mole = mass 9m
gram
Molar mass

÷ molar >

mass
mass male
F

✗ molar mass

G) Find no .

of moles in

→
of Caco, 100 gram
10 gram =

→ 158 gram
of kmnoq 158 gram =

① I = 0.1 mole
100

② mole
1§§-
atom element ✗ is 1.6×10-23gram
Mass
of an
of
moles in 19.2
calculate the mum .

of kg of ✗

And g¥g×,oz_ =) 1920C

9. 6
=

194¥
1. 6 ✗ 10
= 2000 Mol
 election kg ?
How
many
moles
of 10-31 kg
will weigh 1

Mass
of electron = 9 I .
✗

= 9 I . ✗ 10-28 gram

And a!f 28
✗ 6.02 ✗ 1023

¥÷× 6×10-5
s÷o
Gram Atom

Molar mass =
( Atomic Mass) gram
Molar mass =
( Molecular Mass) gram
gram atom mole
gram molecule =) mole

atom
No .

of gram no .

of mole

No .

of gram molecule No .

of mole

gram atomic mass Molar mass

gram
molecular mass =) Molar mass
 Calculation of Mole from mom
of Particles

Mole =
given no .
particles
ofnumber
Avogadro

÷nA
Particle Mole

-
✗
NA

in
calculate no .

of atoms -

① 168m the
② 16 amu the

① 6- = 4 mole
4
1 mole =
NA Particle
4 mole =
4N
A

② 1 the atom = 4 amu

4 am u
= 1 the atom
↳ 1 amu
=

¥
" ' '

↳ 16 am u ✗ 16 = 4 atom
Calculate no .

of oxygen atoms in
126 amu HN 03

↳ molar
mas

Ans) 63 amu =
I H
Nog molecule =
63
gram
"
1
Eg
=

126
Igg
126 " =
✗

2 HN
Oz Molecule
=

3 → I H NO]
oxygen
ZH NO, → 3×2=6

g) calculate no .

of oxygen
atoms in 126
gram HNO,

mole = mole H N03

¥3
= 2

¥1 trick
I HN 03 → 3 atom
oxygen
mol
I H NO, → 3 mod
oxygen
2 Mal HNOz → 6 mole
oxygen
6 NA
g) In 36 gram glucose ,
calculate
molecules
No
oftotal
No
of atoms
No .

of atoms of each type .

Ansf Glucose
Molar
↳ HI 206
mass
=) 180

① Mole § mole =) 0.2 Mol

136g
=

0.2 NA molecule

② 1 glucose =) 24 atone
Im ol '
24 mall '
'

0 .
2m01 "
=) 0.2×24 Mol
= 4.8 mol
=
4.8 NA

③ I glucose 6C
12 H
60
1 mole glucose 6 mole
12Mol H
6 Mal 0
0.2 mole glucose 1.2 Mol =)
C 1.2 NA
2. A mole H =) 2.4 NA
1 .
-2 MOI O =) 1. 2 NA
Calculate the mass
of oxygen in 16
gram 503
mol
Ansf male =

1¥
=

§
=
0.2

1 93
song oxygen
lmol SO → 3 mod
} oxygen
0.2 " "
0.6 " "

l mod 16
oxygen gram

9.68rem
"
0.6 "

g) what mass
of 502 will contain 1.2 NA oxygen
atom .

Ans=) mole
=l.n2aNA_
=
1.2

→ atom
lmol
1502
"
Zonygen
2nd " "

Zmolonygen
imol
lmol 502

I
"

1. 2
" "
0.6 mol

(0.6×64) gram
38 .

Agram
what mass
of Hzsopa contains 80 gram
onygen
mole = =3

I Hzsoq 4
oxygen
lmol 11 Amol n

mob Hzsogn
4
molonygen =) 1

Im ol ''

¥
" 11

5 mol " 5 mol Hzs 04

£
✗

5g
✗ 98
=
I 22 5
.
gram

calculation of Mole
from volume
of gas
•

→ Ideal gas equation 8 PV =

n RT (P =
pressure of gas)
I atm 105
1.01325
ha
=
✗

2 atm =
I • 013 Boor
(✓ = volume
of good
1 litre =L dm3 = 1000mL =
1000 oms

(T =
Temp in .

Kelvin
1- ( ) K =
273 t T (c)
( R= universal Gas
constant
'
R
'
Mal
-

8.314 Jk
-

← R= 0.0821 atm ' '

p Pascoe Lk mot
-

Xp
=

✓= m3 =
atm
e- litre
g) ✓ =
some
P = 2 atom

T =
27°C

Pv = n RT
n =
PI
RT
2×50-1
#
0 . 0821 ✗ 300

1-
0.004

*÷
-

Standard Temp .
and pressure
Old Convention New convention

1 atm and 273 k 1 Bar and

fixed temp .

I Baer and 273k

G) Calculate the volume
of Imel gas at STP ,
with
old convention of STP and new convention
of STP .

And old Ned

=nR÷ 1×0-0,821×-273
✓

=mRpT_=l×0÷21×273÷
•
✓ = •

toe=

zzitletoee

No .

of mole = Given uol.at STP ( litre

22.7 litre

÷ 2207 l

s
Vol
at Mal
STP
r
✗ 22.7 le
Mindnaf

÷ molar ÷ NA
mass

t L

mass mole < no .

of particles
^
✗ molar mass a
✗
NA

-9-22.71
✗ 22.7L

Val of gas at
STP
 Cal the volume at STP which contains
of CO2 gas ,
10 NA
oxygen
atoms

And mole to atom

=1OnqA_
=

oxygen
2m01 0 I mol coz
a
I mol
I mol coz
0
I coz 2
Ohygen 10 " "
=) 5 mad coz
lmol coz 2m01
onygeu
=

(5×22.7) litres
113 .
5

cal the number

of atoms in 90.8 litre so
,
at STP

And
9%9-7
= 4

n
→ 4 atom
1503
Im ol
song -7 Amal atom
4 mole 503 → 16 mol atom

→ 16 NA

Cal the mum

of atoms in 1.8 lithe Hzo (1) at STP • Given

density of H2O is Lgmtml

And D= mlv

m = d v

t.IO#amn--18O-gO--
= I ✗ 1800

100

I
Hzo → 3 atom
1 Mal H2O 93m01 atom
Mol
100 Mol → 30
Onatom
300 NA
 Calculate the no .
of electron
,
foroton neutrons In the
,
following ÷
"

Ansf 160 13
AI 160-2
8 24µg +2
g 12

e→ 8 13 10 10
PS 8 13 8 12
n → 8 14 8 12

Calculate the number

of electron , proton / neutron in coz

Aris (E)
6-
2 (8)
8

e. → 6 + 2 (8) =
22
PS 6 2 (8)
¥2
+
-

, I
n s 6 2 (8)
→ 958m
Calculate the mum
of electrons in 19
gm Poa-3
Mol
n=qIg Ig 0.2
=
=

-
3
1 Po ,

( P 4 (o )
d

[B +4 ( s) + 3) = so election

1 Pops → so e-

I mol Port → so mad e-

0.2 " "

→ (50×0.2) Mol =) to mol

IONA
Hondo Chasse

A-l-1-3-2.ae
0-2 ¥3 ¥2
Be Ze 3d

2×1.6×10-19C 3×1.6×10 -19C

Calculate the charge on 9.5g POP

Ansf mole
-_9;§- = 0.1

1 POP → 3e

lmol "
→ 3m ol e-

0.1 mole
-

" "
→ 0.3

↳ 0.3 ✗ Np ✗ 1.6×10-19 C

0.3×6.02×1023×1.6 ✗ 10 -19C
Mole% and Mass% of a mixture
Mentmore

A B

Mass WA WB

Mole ☒ MB
A

mass %
of A =

(WIX ✗ 100
) %

of ④Bp,+wp_
mass % B =
✗ 10 %

mole %
of A
(nnan+÷ ✗ 100
) % *A ✗ 100

( nn¥-+npg 100/-1
mole
%ofB .
✗ B ✗ 100

Average atomic mass of isotopic mixture

-

Cartoon

C- 12 C- 13 C- 14

%#ce9 99% 0.05% 0.951 .

Chlorine
m
or
Cl-35
% abundance 75% Cl -37
251 .
Calculation of single
mole
from a substance

mole= mass
molar mass

mass = mole ✗ molar mass

*
molar mass =
mass
mole

calculation
of molar mass
for a mintare

Molar Mass = Mass

of single substance
single Substance
mole
of single substance

of mixture
Molar mass
mixture
Total mass
of
mixture
Total mole
of

Average Atomic Mass of isotopic Mixture

M
✗
z

M'
M
✗ < > ✗ 2

2 22

a b ← % abundance
/ mole %
Mia Mzb ← mass

an mass =

m,a+mzb_
at b
G)
°
Boron exists in nature in the B' and B
"

If
form of .

avg
atomic weight of Baron is 10.8 amu .
Then mole % of
B- 10, B- 11 In the mixture will be ?
B → to Samu
.

=lOxt÷a
10.8

°
1080 = 10 a + 1100 -112 B' B
"

K = 20 Mole % K ( 100 a) -

Mass lose 11400 a) -

20% 80%
mole ✗ molar
A -

÷ :::÷☐*
mixture
Average Molar mass
of gaseous

Mixture

Gas 2 < > Gas 2

Molar Mass Mi M2
Mole n
, Mz

avg molar
mmin.tt?nI2-
mass
 Afa
Avg molar 20×32+80×282
1 mass
20+80
1 1
Nz =) 28.8 gram
02
20%
80%

G) Calculate Mang of a mixture containing soz and Oz in 20.1

male ratio .
men

Ams) Mau
-2×643+1×32
53.3 ✗
502 02
Male 2 1
ratio

Marg =) Totalmass
Total mole

⑥ Calculate avg mass of a mixture

containing Oz , Oz in 2:L mass ratio .

And Mang T m⑨
Total mole
03 # Oz
4×48,1--3-+32 mass 2 1
ratio

192¥96 mole
ratio £8 3+2
28*8=41.1 4 : 3

41 . I
G) Calculate mole composition of a
gaseous mixture containing
NO and NO z given avg molar mass is 38 .

38=30×-1-456 min
)
Ans au = 38
100
✗
3800 =) 30 a + 4600 -

46k NO NO z

n =) 50 mole -1 .
n
( 100 a) -

Vapour density of a
gas

Density of a
gas relative to density of Hz at same Temp and
pressure
vapour deusityofagas
density density of Hz

.to?Mgas/.R-?,P.Mnz.fRIvD=MmE vD- M8z@

VD =)

@ gas =
VD ✗ 2)
For a
single substart :

Molecular Mass = 2 ✗ Vapour

density
gaseous mixture :
For a

Molecular Mass
ofmin =
2x vapour density of men .
 Calculate the vapour density of a mixture which contains Oz and

Oz In 2: 1 male ratio .

Ans) ME →
m☒
✗ ↳ Mavs

Oz 03
Mole 2 1
Ratio

Mav
2×322++71×48 1-312
= =

VD
MY-
=

11-32 1-2
=
×

563

Calculate the vapour density of gaseous mixture containing Oz and

Oz in 4 :3 mass ratio .

And Min
IT
Mang
2×32+31×482
Oz 03
¥
Mass 4 : 3
Ratio VD
5-36
Mole
¥2 : 3-
48

2 % I
PER_cENTAGECOMPOSlT10N@7Whatisthe1.ofHydrogen in H2O .

Aris %
of H =

(3,1-100) %

=
=L 1.1%
y.

g) What is the %
of water in Resor 2h20 .

And %
of H2O
-4,3¥
✗ 100
) %

④ An oxide
of Sulphur contains 66.67%
Sulphur .
Determine the

molecular
formula of oxide .

Sn
Ans) so
Szoz 66.7% = %
ofsulphur ⇐ ✗ too

↳
32k
+16g
5303 20¥ 322
✗ too
32kt
toy

2-3=33%2+16
y
48N 32
16g
=
at

16m =

16g
a-
y
l
Ky
=
Q) In a
hydrated chloride
of magnesium the
,
%
of water is
53 2%. .
Calculate the
formula of compound .

And put} cé

M@MgClz.NHzOfY.Hz
0 =) 5 3 . 2

1£ = 53 . 2

95 t 18N

a
= 6

MgQzo6H①
 Empirical and molecular formula
•
Molecular formula : Formula acompound which gives actual
of atoms
number
of haesent in molecule
a .

•
Empirical Formula : Formula
of compound which
a gives
simplest ratio of Num of atoms present ,
in molecule on
compound .

Glucose
I

- C, H2O , =) CHZO

↳I ↳
Empirical

a)
formula
{ →
Molecular
I 60 Formula

Relation b/w empirical and molecular

formula :

CG H , 20g =
(C Hz 6

MFhk.=(Ef)n@__ff
- __ -

B
n =
moleculaoimass
empirical mass
g) An organic compound contains 60% Carbon , 8% hydrogen
calculate its empirical
formula .

%8aniccomhoand.IO
Ans )
④ →
100g

C O N ✓
H

8g
60g 32g GI
masses

moles
9- To
⑤ ⑧ ②
Hydrocarbons
cµ I
Hgoz

⑨ 73g of an
organic compound contains 3.6 go.am Carbon
, 0.7g Hydrogen 1.5g Nitrogen
,
and rest
oxygen .

Calculate emtpeeucal formula .

Ans
) ④→ 7.3g

É
v v v

n N O

MI 3.6g 0.7g 1.5g 1.5g

mold
3¥ Fa ¥6
0.3 0.7 0.107 0.09
0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1
3 7 I 1

↳ 47 NO
A compound contains N and O in 7:16 ratio
mass .

If
vapour density is 46 .
Calculate its molecular
formula
And