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TECHNOLOGY
Presented by-
Rahul Sarnagat
M.Tech
CONTENTS:
Introduction
History
Components of LIDAR System
Basic Working Principle
LIDAR Platforms
Types of LIDAR
Applications
Advantages / Disadvantages
Conclusion / References
LIDAR:
In the 1930s first attempts were made to measure air density profiles
in the upper atmosphere by determining the scattering intensity
from searchlight beams .
LIDAR originated in the early 1960s, shortly after the invention of
the laser.
combined laser-focused imaging with the ability to calculate
distances by measuring the time for a signal to return using
appropriate sensors and data acquisition electronics.
Its first applications came in meteorology, where the National
Center for Atmospheric Research used it to measure clouds.
The general public became aware of the accuracy and usefulness of
LIDAR systems in 1971 during the Apollo 15 mission, when
astronauts used a laser altimeter to map the surface of the moon.
1995 - First commercial airborne LIDAR systems developed.
Components of LIDAR System:
Wavelength:
Infrared (1500 – 2000 nm) for meteorology
Near-infrared (1040 - 1060 nm) for terrestrial mapping
Blue-green (500 – 600 nm) for bathymetry
Calculate Distance :-
Distance=(Speed of Light * Time of flight) / 2
Working Principle:
AERIAL/AVIATION(Airborne)
- For highly detailed, local elevation data
- Small area where high density is needed
SATELLITE(space borne)
- covers large areas with less detail
TERRESTRIAL(ground spaced)
AERIAL/AVIATION platform:
It uses blue-green laser that can penetrate water and provide returns
of underwater objects or bottom.
ELASTIC LIDAR
Elastic backscatter LIDAR
- Mie scattering
-Rayleigh scattering
INELASTIC LIDAR
-Raman LIDAR
-Differential absorption LIDAR(DIAL)
-Doppler LIDAR
Applications:
Geology and soil science: ICE Sat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation
Satellite).
Higher accuracy
Fast acquisition and processing
Acquisition of 1000 km2 in 12 hours.
DEM generation of 1000 km2 in 24 hours.
Minimum human dependence
As most of the processes are automatic unlike photogrammetric,
GPS or land surveying.
Weather/Light independence
Data collection independent of sun inclination and at night and
slightly bad weather.
Higher data density
Up to 167,000 pulses per second. More than 24 points per Square
meter can be measured.
Multiple returns to collect data in 3D.
DISADVANTAGE:
[2] Dr. M.N. Avadhanulu & Dr. P.S. Hemne, ‘An Introduction to Laser
Theory and Application’, S.CHAND Publication.
[3] IEEE paper, ‘Design concept for a global wind sensing lidar’
DOI: 10.1109/JQE.1979.1070185