प्रशासन सुधार आयोगको प्रतिवेदन, २०४८

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d'b|s M d'b|0f tyf k|sfzg ljefu, l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}F .
d]/f] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]usf] of] k|ltj]bg ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|:t't ub{5' . of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg ;a}
dxfg'efjk|lt xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' .
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lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
cWoIf
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u
wGojfb 1fkg
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]unfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] /fli6«o :t/sf
gLlt lgdf{tfx?, ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{x?, ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L If]qdf
;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?k|lt cfof]u cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5 . o:t} u/L cfof]usf]
sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ df}lvs ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{ x'g] / lnlvt ;'emfj k7fpg' x'g]
k];fut ;+:yfx? / cGo ;a}k|lt cfof]u s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . ldq /fi6«x? tyf
cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3 ;+:yfaf6 klg cfof]usf] sfo{kl/lwcGtu{tsf ljifox?;Fu ;DalGwt
ljleGg k|sf/sf k|sfzg tyf ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] ;]jf pknAw ePsf] lyof] . o;sf]
lglDt ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ul/G5 .
cfof]usf] sfof{nosf] nflu ;'ljwfo'Qm :yfg pknAw u/fO{ g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f
k|ltgi7fgaf6 ePsf] ;xof]usf] lgldQ pQm k|ltgi7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsnufot
;DalGwt ;a}df ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg ul/G5 . o;} u/L cfof]usf] nflu cfjZos
ef}lts ;/;fdfg h'6fO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;a} lgsfox?nfO{ klg wGojfb lbOG5 .
cfof]usf] sfo{df ;+nUg /xL cfk"mnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] sfd k|z+;gLo 9Ëdf ;Dkfbg
u/]afkt pk;lrjx? >L ch'{gdl0f cfrfo{ bLlIft, >L z]ifgf/fo0f dfgGw/ /
hgfb{g/fh nfld5fg], zfvf clws[tx? >L xL/fdl0f l3ld/], >L hgs/fh hf]zL, >L
gj/fh pkfWofo, n]vf clws[t >L e/t/fh b]jsf]6f, sDKo'6/ k|f]u|fd/ >L an/fd
>]i7, gfoa ;'Aaf >L uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zL, sDKo'6/df sfd ug]{ 6fOlk:6 gfoa ;'Aaf
>L dbgnfn >]i7 / >L /fh' s]=;L= ljz]if wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 .
o;} u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;ª\ul7t ;+:yfx?af6 ;d]t cfof]udf cfO{ sfd ug]{
;a} sd{rf/Lx?sf] kl/>dnfO{ klg cfof]u la;{g ;Sb}g .
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u

sf7df8f}F
@)$* r}q @# ut]
-clk|n #, !((@_
cfof]usf] u7g
!= ;DdfggLo >L lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf
@= >L s'nz]v/ zdf{ – pkfWoIf
#= dfggLo >L dx]Zj/k|;fb l;+x – ;b:o -kb]g_
dGqL, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
$= dfggLo >L dx]z cfrfo{ – ;b:o -kb]g_
/fHodGqL, cy{ dGqfno
%= dfggLo 8f= /fdz/0f dxt – ;b:o -kb]g_
pkfWoIf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
^= ;DdfggLo k|f= u0f]z/fh l;+x – ;b:o -kb]g_
cWoIf, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
&= >L uf]/Ifaxfb'/ Gx'R5]k|wfg – ;b:o -kb]g_
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg
*= >L k|B'Dgnfn /fhe08f/L – ;b:o
(= >L s[i0faxfb'/ dfgGw/ – ;b:o
!)= >L g/sfGt clwsf/L – ;b:o
!!= >L ?kHof]lt – ;b:o
!@= >L bfdf]b/k|;fb uf}td – ;b:o
d'Vo;lrj, dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno
!#= 8f= zlzgf/fo0f zfx* – ;b:o -kb]g_
;lrj, cy{ dGqfno
>L gf/fo0f/fh ltjf/L**
sf=d'= ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno
8f= 7fs'/gfy kGt
;lrj, cy{ dGqfno
!$= >L Zofdk|;fb clwsf/L – ;b:o -kb]g_
;lrj, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
!%= >L O{Zj/axfb'/ >]i7± – ;b:o -kb]g_
;lrj, sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno
>L an/fd l;+x dNn
;lrj, sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno
!^= >L uf}/Lgfy l/dfn – ;b:o
!&= >L åfl/sfgfy 9'Ë]n – ;b:o ;lrj
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= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
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ljifo ;"rL
kl/R5]b ljifo k[i7
!= k|zf;g ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf, cfof]usf] u7g, sfo{If]q / sfo{k4lt !!
@= ;/sf/sf] sfo{If]q @#
#= hgtfdf k'¥ofOg] ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf #$
$= k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7g $)
%= of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmof %#
^= lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ^^
&= sd{rf/Lx?sf] j[lQ ljsf; M kb:yfkg / ;¿jf *^
*= kbf]Ggltsf] l;4fGt (!
(= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg (*
!)= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf ;'/Iff !)#
!!= lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, lgoddf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljljw ljifox? !!)
!@= sfo{ ljj/0f !!$
!#= dGqL / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? aLrsf] ;DaGw !!*
!$= cfjZostfeGbf a9L sd{rf/L M ;d:of / ;fdfwfg !@!
!%= ;/sf/L sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwdf ;/nLs/0f !@&
!^= ah]6 tyf n]vf Joj:yf !#(
!&= lgsfout cfly{s lgodsf] Joj:yf !$^
!*= ljs]Gb|Ls/0f !$*
!(= ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg !^#
@)= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf tflnd / ljsf; !&#
@!= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f @)!
@@ cg'udg Joj:yf @)(
d'Vo l;kmfl/;x?sf] ;f/f+z @!@
cg';"rLx?
cg';"rL ! k|:tfljt dGqfnox?sf] gfdfjnL
cg';"rL @ ;]jf÷ ;d"xx?sf] ljj/0f
cg';"rL # xfn sfod /x]sf :yfoL sd{rf/L b/aGbL ljj/0f -sfof{nocg';f/_
cg';"rL # -s_ xfn sfod /x]sf :yfoL sd{rf/L b/aGbL ljj/0f -kbcg';f/_
-v_ ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, dGqfno / cGtu{t sfof{nosf df}h'bf :yfoL
b/aGbL ljj/0f
-u_ ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, dGqfno / cGtu{t sfof{nosf df}h'bf >]0fLut
:yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f
-3_ :yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f nut ljqmd ;+jt\ !()% b]lv @))& ;Dd
-ª_ :yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f nut cfly{s jif{ @)!&.!* b]lv @)$&.$*
;Dd
-r_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] k|:tfljt ;+/rgf
cg';"rL $ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d /f=k+=cg+= >]0fLx?sf nflu
-s_ /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu
-v_ /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf] nflu
-u_ /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL / ;f]eGbf dflysf] nflu
cg';"rL % >L % sf] ;/sf/df xfn /x]sf l/Qm b/aGbLx?
cg';"rL ^ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?df lgIf]k0f ul/g'kg]{ ljifox?
cg';"rL & ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ;ª\Vof, )$^.)$& ;Ddsf] ljQLo l:ylt /
sd{rf/L ljj/0f
cg';"rL * cfof]usf ;b:ox?åf/f :ynut e|d0f ul/Psf lhNnfx?
cg';"rL ( cfof]udf k|fKt ;'emfjx?sf] ;ª\Vof / juL{s/0f
cg';"rL !) cfof]uaf6 cWoog u/fOPsf ljifox? / ;+nUg clws[tx?sf] gfdfjnL
cg';"rL !! cfof]usf] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
cg';"rL !! -s_ cfof]usf] sfo{df cf+lzs ?kdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
-v_ cfof]usf] sfddf ;+nUg JolQmx?
kl/R5]b !
k|zf;g ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf, cfof]usf]
u7g, sfo{If]q / sfo{ k4lt
!= ! k[i7e"ld
ljqmd ;+jt\ @))& ;fndf hxflgof zf;gsf] cGt eO{ b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfdf
qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{g eof] . /fhgLlts Joj:yfdf ePsf] o; kl/jt{gcg'?k b]zsf]
k|zf;sLo 9fFrfdf klg kl/jt{gx? ul/P . @))& ;fncl3 tTsfnLg zf;gsf] d'Vo
p2]Zo zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug'{ / /fh:j ;ª\sng ug'{ lyof] . To; ;dosf]
k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7g / k|0ffnL klg ;f]xL p2]ZonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL th'{df ul/Psf lyP .
pQm k|0ffnLdf k|zf;g Joj:yfdf x'g] vr{ Go"gtd /fVg] k|oTg ul/GYof] . ;f]cg';f/
To; ;dosf] ;/sf/L cfosf] d'Vo ;|f]t dfnkf]tsf] p7\tL t/fO{df hldgbf/
k6jf/Ldfkm{t / kxf8df lhDdfjfn d'lvofdfkm{t x'g] Joj:yf lyof] . o;} u/L eG;f/
p7fpg] sfd klg 7]Ssfdf lbOg] k|rng lyof] . s]Gb| / lhNnfdf ;/sf/L
c8\8fx?sf] ;ª\Vof cToGt sd lyof] . oL sfof{nox? d'n'sL ;jfn tyf cfkm"nfO{
lbOPsf] ;gb ;jfnaf6 ;~rflnt x'Gy] .
@))& ;fndf k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] k|fb'ef{j ePkl5 w]/}h;f] k'/fgf c•fx? vf/]h
ul/P / ltgLx?sf] :yfgdf ljleGg dGqfno / ljefux? :yfkgf ul/P . k|zf;gdf
tTsfn k|rngdf /x]sf bhf{x?sf] ;§f gofF bhf{x?, -h:t} ;xfos ;lrj, gfoa
;lrj, ;lrj_ ;[hgf ul/P . cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, @))* cg';f/ nf]s ;]jf
cfof]usf] :yfkgf klg eof] . t/ afXo 9fFrfdf pQm ljleGg kl/jt{gx? eP tfklg
k|zf;g k'/fg} lgodaf6 g} ;~rfng eO/x\of] h;n] ubf{ k|zf;gdf ægofF 9fFrf k'/fgf
lgodÆ sf] cgd]n l:ylt pTkGg eof] .
P]g lgoddf ;'lgof]lht 9Ën] kl/jt{g ug]{ qmdsf] ;'¿cft @)!# ;fndf k|f/De eof] .
;f] jif{ tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL >L 6+sk|;fb cfrfo{sf] cWoIftfdf ul7t k|zf;sLo
k'gu{7g of]hgf cfof]usf] lg0f{ocg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, lghfdtL ;]jf lgodx?,
k|zf;sLo sfo{ljlw lgoldt ug]{ P]g, ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, clVtof/L ;'lDkg] lgod
OToflb th'{df eO{ nfu" ul/P . sfo{ljlw / ;ª\u7gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ b[li6af6 Ps
cf]=PG8=Pd= -O&M_ zfvfsf] u7g tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbgsf nflu Ps
sd{rf/L tflnd s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf klg eof] . @))& ;fnkl5, k|zf;g ;'wf/sf] of]
k|yd ;ª\ul7t k|oTg lyof] .
@)!& ;fndf k~rfot Joj:yfsf] ;"qkftkl5 sd{rf/Lx?df Jofks lgisf;g / x]/km]/

ul/g'sf ;fy} :yfgLo k|zf;gsf PsfOx?df klg 7"nf kl/jt{g eP . To; ;do
/x]sf #% lhNnfx? vf/]h ul/P / &% lhNnf / !$ c~rnsf] :yfkgf eof] .
lhNnf k|zf;g Joj:yfdf nfdf] ;dob]lv /lxcfPsf] a8fxflsdsf] kb vf/]h ul/of] /
To;sf] ;§f k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L / c~rnfwLzsf kbx?sf] ;[hgf eof] . t/
lhNnf k|zf;ssf] gfddf kl/jt{g eP tfklg p;n] sfd ug]{ kl/kf6L / efjgfdf eg]
s'g} kl/jt{g x'g ;s]g .
To;kl5 @)@% ;fndf >L j]bfgGb emfsf] cWoIftfdf / @)#@ df 8f= e]ifaxfb'/
yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]ux? u7g eP . pQm b'j} cfof]ux?åf/f
ljleGg pkof]uL l;kmfl/;x? k|:t't ul/P t/ k|zf;g ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/L
k|lta4tfsf] cefjdf pQm cfof]ux?sf w]/} l;kmfl/;x? sfof{lGjt x'g ;s]gg\ .
k|zf;g ;'wf/sf oL k|of;x? x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;/sf/L k|zf;goGq;Fu hgtfn] /fv]sf
ck]Iffsf] t'ngfdf k|zf;gsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg / pknlAw ckof{Kt 5 eGg] Jofks ?kdf
cg'ej ul/Psf] 5
!= @ k|zf;g Joj:yfdf ljBdfg sdLx? M

b]zsf] k|zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ :j?ksf] cWoogaf6 k|zf;gdf xfn lgDglnlvt
sdhf]/Lx? b]vf kb{5g\ M
-s_ xfn lghfdtL ;]jfsf] dgf]an / pTk|]/0ff cToGt 36\g uPsf] cj:yfdf 5 .
ckof{Kt j]tg / cGo ;'ljwfx?, cg'ko'Qm kbf]Gglt k|0ffnL, v/fa / c;n
sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] oyfy{ d"Nofª\sg gx'g' / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfddf a9L
pTk|]l/t ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f / k|f]T;fxg Joj:yf -Incentive System_ sf]
cefj, o; cj:yfsf s]xL sf/0fx? x'g\ .
-v_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] hghLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf Jofks ?kdf xft xfNg] jf
;]jf k'¥ofpg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . ef]hgfno -/]:6«Ff_ btf{ ug]{b]lv lnP/
cfjZos j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ lhDdf klg ;/sf/n] lnPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;ª\u7g cgfjZos ?kn] af]lemnf] / vlr{nf] x'g'sf]
;fy} o;sf] k|efjsfl/tf klg 36\g uPsf] 5 . xfn >L % sf] ;/sf/n]
tna eQfdf dfq /fh:jsf] cfwf cª\z vr{ ug'{k/]sf] 5 .
-u_ ljut b'O{ bzsx?df ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\Vof / cfsf/ tyf ltgdf
/x]sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vofdf cTolws / cgfjZos lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 .
w]/}h;f] sfof{nox?df sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof, sfdsf] kl/df0f, sfo{qmd, tyf
ah]6sf aLr kf/:kl/s tfnd]nsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ckof{Kt
;/sf/L cflYf{s ;fwg tyf tflnd k|fKt hgzlQm b'j}sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
12
-3_ ljut $) jif{cl3sf] t'ngfdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ug]{ sfo{x?sf] kl/df0f,
ljleGgtf / hl6ntf lgs} a9b} uPsf] 5 . @))& ;fnsf] t'ngfdf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof @*,))) -hËL lghfdtL ;a}_ af6 j[l4 eO{ emG8}
$,)),))) -;a} ;fj{hlgs sd{rf/L_ eGbf a9L eO;s]sf] 5 . o;} k|sf/n]
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] ug]{ sfo{sf] k|sf/ / leGgtfdf klg w]/} j[l4 eO;s]sf]
5 . zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg], s/ p7fpg] OToflb sfo{b]lv lnP/ hgtfdf
cTofjZos j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 eO/x]sf]
5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg lsl;dsf j}1flgs cg';Gwfg h:tf sfo{df klg >L
% sf] ;/sf/ ;+nUg 5 . pQm ljleGg sfo{x?df ;+nUg ljleGg sfof{no /
sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf leGg leGg eP tfklg oL ;a} sfof{no tyf
sd{rf/Lx? Pp6} cflYf{s / Ps} lsl;dsf sd{rf/L k|zf;g lgodåf/f
;~rflnt 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ sfddf ;d:ofx? cfOkg]{ / lanDa ;d]t x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
-ª_ lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofdf rflxg]eGbf a9L txx? 5g\ . dGqfnox?df s'g} ljifodf
dGqLåf/f lg0f{o ubf{ ;f] ljifo ljleGg :t/sf % hgf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tx kf/
u/]/ hfg'kb{5 . s'g} dGqfnosf] ;ª\u7g tflnsfcg';f/ t dGqL :t/df s'g}
l6Kk0fL jf k|:tfj k'Ug sd{rf/Lx?sf] ^ tx kf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;af6 sfddf
cgfjZos lanDa x'g'sf ;fy} rflxg]eGbf a9L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cgfjZos /
cg'Tkfbs sfo{df ;+nUg x'g'k/]sf] 5 .
-r_ ljleGg dGqfno / ljefux?df cTolws dfqfdf sfuhL sf/afxL -Paper
Work_ x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . sfuhkq;DaGwL sfd 36fpg] ;DaGwdf ;do
;dodf k|oTg ePsf] kfOG5 t/ oL k|oTgx? k|efjsf/L x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ .
-5_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] pQ/bfloTj -Accountability_ :ki6 ?kdf lgwf{l/t jf
:yflkt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g h;n] ubf{ s'g} sfd ;DkGg x'g g;Sbf klg
To;sf] lgldQ lhDd]jf/ sf] xf] eGg] s'/f lglZrt u/L To:tf JolQmdfly
sf/afxL x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
-h_ dGqfno jf ljefusf tNnf txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tyf sfo{:yndf
/x]sf sfof{nox? (Field Offices) nfO{ rflxFbf] dfqfdf clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ul/Psf] 5}g . o;n] ubf{ Psflt/ dGqfno / ljefusf pRrflwsf/Lx?n]
cfkm"n] jf:tljs ?kn] ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? -oyf– gLlt lgdf{0f, cg'udg /
;'k/Lj]If0f OToflb_ df Wofg lbg gkfO{ b}lgs sfo{df clNemg'k/]sf] 5 eg]
csf]{lt/ lkmN8 sfof{nox?n] kof{Kt clwsf/ gkfPsf]n] tyf cg'ko'Qm lgod
/ lgb]{zgåf/f afFlwPsf] x'gfn] cfkm"n] ug'{kg]{ sfdx? 7Ls;Fu ug{ ;s]sf
5}gg\ . pko'Qm clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ul/Psf sfof{nox?df klg ah]6 / cGo
;fwgx?sf] sdLn] ubf{ aflG5t dfqfdf sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
13
!= # cfof]usf] u7g
pko'{Qm kl/k|]Ifdf, k|zf;gnfO{ k|hftGq / ljsf;sf dfux? k"/f ug{ ;Ifd /
k|efjsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ut @)$* ;fn cflZjg dlxgfdf
;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd ;DkGg ug{ ^ dlxgfsf] ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf] lyof] . cfof]usf]
sfo{If]q -Terms of Reference_ b]xfocg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] M
-s_ >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f hgtfdf k'¥ofpg] u/]sf ;]jfx?nfO{ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df
a9L bIf, pkof]uL / sd vlr{nf] agfpg] pkfox?,
-v_ pko'{Qm p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;/sf/L oGq / ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ;+/rgfdf
ug'{kg]{ cfjZos kl/jt{gx?,
-u_ ;/sf/L sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlw ;/n / pknlAwd"ns agfpg] pkfox?,
-3_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, pTk|]l/t, hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg lghfdtL ;]jf
P]g, lgod / Joj:yfkgdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/x? /
-ª_ cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ sfof{lGjt ug]{ k|lqmof tyf tl/sfx? .
!= $ sfo{kl/lw
pko'{Qm sfo{x? ug{ cfof]un] Jofks b[li6sf]0f /fvL k|zf;gsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx?dfly
ljrf/ ug{ pko'Qm 7fgL k/:k/df ;Da4 lgDglnlvt ljifox?nfO{ cfkm\gf]
sfo{kl/lwsf] ?kdf lnof] M
-s_ >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f hgtfdf k'¥ofOg] u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ a9L bIf, pkof]uL /
sd vlr{nf] agfpg M
!= >L % sf] ;/sf/ / cGtu{t ljleGg :t/sf -s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo, lhNnf_
k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7g / ltgn] ug]{ sfo{sf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTodfly
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ug]{,
@= ljleGg txsf ;ª\u7gx?nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] agfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
cTolws k|zf;sLo cf]e/x]8 vr{ sd ug{ tL ;ª\u7gx?df /x]sf
cgfjZos kbx?sf] ;ª\Vof ;d]t 36fpg],
#= >L % sf] ;/sf/n] xfn ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L tLdWo]
cfjZos sfo{x? dfq >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ug]{ /
$= /fli6«o ljsf; k|lqmofdf u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] .
-v_ ;/sf/L sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwnfO{ 5f]6f], ;/n / pknlAwd"ns agfpg
14
!= lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ a9L pTkfbs agfpg],

@= lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofdf xfn /x]sf txx?sf] ;ª\Vof 36fpg] /
#= dGqfno / ljefux?df ljBdfg sfo{ k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ u/L 5f]6f] /
;/n agfpg] .
-u_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, pTk|]l/t, hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg / bnut
/fhgLltaf6 t6:y /fVg ;'emfj k|:t't ug{ M
!= 5gf]6 / lgo'lQmsf] k|lqmofnfO{ a9L pko'Qm, l56f] / ;/n ug]{ /
cfjZostf / cf}lrTofg';f/ 58\s] k|j]z -Lateral Entry_ sf] klg
Joj:yf ug]{,
@= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljBdfg >]0fLut juL{s/0fsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{,
#= kbf]Ggltsf] jt{dfg k|lqmof tyf cfwf/nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;dof]lrt
agfpg],
$, sd{rf/Lx?df ;'/Iffsf] efjgf pTkGg u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;Gtf]ifhgs 9Ën]
sfd gug]{ sd{rf/Lx?dfly zL3| pko'Qm sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf
u/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{k|lt a9L pTk|]l/t ug]{,
%= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLnfO{ a9L pknlAwd"ns agfpg],
^= sd{rf/Lx?sf] j[lQ ljsf;sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug]{,
&= ljleGg Jofj;flos ;]jf / ;d"xx?sf] cfjZostf / cf}lrToaf/]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ /
*= sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm"n] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ju{ jf ;d"xk|lt a9L pGd'v
u/fpg pko'Qm pTk|]/0ff -Incentives_ sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ cfly{s of]hgf / ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ pTkfbs / kmnbfoL u/fpg M
!= /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] e"ldsf / o;n] ug]{ sfo{x?dfly k'g/fjnf]sg
u/L To;nfO{ a9L :ki6 / k|efjsf/L kfg]{,
@= ;/sf/L cfly{s ;fwgx?sf] pkof]u ;se/ a9L pTkfbs u/fpgsf
nflu ah]6 lgdf{0f, ah]6 lgsf;f / ah]6 cg'udg;DaGwL jt{dfg
Joj:yfdf 7f]; ;'wf/ ug]{ /
#= ljb]zL ;xfotfsf] u|fXotf / pkof]u;DaGwL sfo{ k|0ffnLsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
u/L To;nfO{ a9L cfjZostfg's"n agfpg] .
-ª_ :yfgLo :t/df k|hftflGqs k|lqmofnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg'{sf ;fy} :yfgLo ljsf;sf]
ultnfO{ a9L tLj| kfg{ M
15
!= ljleGg :t/sf :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ ljleGg ljifox? -h:t}

lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL OToflb_ df lgIf]k0f -Devolution_ ug'{kg]{
sfo{x?sf] df]6fdf]6L ?k/]vf tof/ kfg]{,
@= :YffgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox? / ljleGg txsf ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf]
kf/:kl/s ;DaGw lglZrt ug]{,
#= :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ pknAw x'g'kg]{ cfly{s ;|f]tx? lgwf{/0f
ug]{ /
$= :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g Joj:yfaf/] ;'emfj tof/
ug]{
-r_ b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ cy{ Joj:yfdf ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] 7f]; e"ldsfnfO{ b[li6ut
ug{ M
!= ;+:yfgx?;DaGwL gLlt, ljleGg ;+:yfgx?sf] cfjZostf jf cf}lrTo,
lghL jf ;/sf/L If]qdf /fv]/ nfe gx'g] ;+:yfx?, ;/sf/L If]qaf6 g}
;~rfng ug'{kg]{ ;+:yfgx? tyf ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ug{kg]{
;'wf/x? /
@= >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;+:yfgx?aLrsf] ;DaGw :ki6 ug]{ .
-5_ dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf k|lzIf0f sfo{df ;+nUg
/fli6«o / If]qut ;+:yfx? tyf ltgLx?sf] k|lzIf0f gLlt / sfo{qmdx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;/sf/L lgsfox? tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf nflu
Pp6f ;dli6ut k|lzIf0f gLltsf] th'{df ug]{ / ;f] gLltnfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{
;+:yfut Joj:yf / tl/sfx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-h_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ lg/f]wfTds tyf pkrf/fTds
pkfox? lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-em_ sd{rf/Lsf] tna ;'ljwf OToflb s'/fx? k] sld;g M @)$* n] cfkm\gf]
l;kmfl/;df ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'Fbf of] ljifo cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{kl/lwleq
;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g .
!= % sfo{k4lt ( Methodology) :
cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{;DkGg ug{sf] nflu b]xfosf] sfo{k4lt ckgfPsf] lyof] M
16
!= %= != k|zf;gaf6 k|efljt x'g] ;d"x?sf] klxrfg / ltgsf] /fo ;'emfjsf]

;ª\sng
-s_ cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf sfo{If]qx?sf] af/]df ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf]
;DaGwdf k|zf;g oGqaf6 k|efljt x'g] ju{x?sf] wf/0ff hfGg] p2]Zon]
;j{k|yd ;Da4 kIfx? -Stake Holders_ sf] ;"rL to ul/of] /
tt\kZrft\\ ;Da4 kIfx? -Stake Holders_ sf] /fo lng] l;nl;nfdf M
!= ;a} OR5's dxfg'efjx?nfO{ cfkm\gf ljrf/ /fo / ;'emfj pknAw
u/fO{ lbg ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/of] h;cg'?k ;dfhsf
ljleGg If]qaf6 @&& yfg ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP . -cg';"rL
(_
@= k];fut ;+:yfx? -Professional Associations_ ;Fu lnlvt jf
cfof]usf] sfof{nodf pkl:yt eO{ /fo ;'emfj pknAw u/fOlbg
cg'/f]w ul/of] .
#= ;Qf kIf / ljkIfL bnsf s]xL ;f+;bx?;Fu a]Unfa]Un} ?kdf
cfof]usf] sfo{If]qleqsf ljifox?;DaGwL ;'wf/sf af/]df 5nkmn
ul/of] .
$= dlGqkl/ifb\sf ;b:ox? / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;b:ox? /
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf ;b:ox?;Fu >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;ª\u7g,
k|zf;goGq, lghfdtL ;]jf nufot cfof]usf] sfo{If]qleqsf
ljifox?df ;fd"lxs 5nkmn ul/of] .
!= %= @ k|zf;g oGqdf ;+nUg ljleGg txsf kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn
-s_ k|zf;gsf] If]qdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg / ;'emfjx?sf]
sfof{Gjogdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf jl/i7 kbflwsf/Lx?sf] dxÎjk"0f{
e"ldsfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfof]un] k|sf;sLo ;ª\u7g, lghfdtL ;]jf,
k|zf;sLo sfo{k4lt / k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ tyf hgtfnfO{ k'¥ofOg] ;]jfsf]
k|efjsfl/tf nufotsf ljifox?df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf jl/i7
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu ;+o'Qm ?kdf / dGqfnout ?kdf ;d]t 5'§f5'§}
5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]udf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|:t't x'g]
;'emfjx?sf] af/]df cGo jl/i7 kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf klg x'g
;sf];\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL cfkm\gf ;xof]uLx?;Fu 5nkmn
ul/sg cfof]udf ljrf/ ljdz{ ug{ cfpg dGqfnosf ;lrjx?nfO{
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] .
-v_ cfof]uåf/f ;Dks{ /fVg'kg]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftdf cfof]usf]
sfof{jlw / sfo{If]qsf] JofkstfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k|To]s dGqfno /
cGtu{tsf sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pgLx?sf s]xL ;'emfj
17
eP cfof]udf lnlvt ?kdf k7fOlbg ;d]t ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{

cg'/f]w ul/Pcg';f/ ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP .
-u_ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]{
qmddf sltko ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L k|d'vx?;Fu ;d]t
;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf, Joj:yfkg / ;+:yfgx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg]
;DaGwdf ;d]t cfof]un] ;fd"lxs 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] .
!= %= # ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;ª\sng / ljZn]if0f M
k|zf;g ;'wf/sf If]qdf :jb]zL / ljb]zL ljz]if1x?åf/f tof/ ul/Psf
k|ltj]bgx? tyf cGo ;a} lsl;dsf] ;fGble{s n]v, k':tsx? cflbn]
cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ kl/lwn] ;d]6]sf] ljifox?df lgisif{df k'Ug ;xfotf
k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .
!= %= $ cfof]usf ;b:ox?åf/f :ynut e|d0f
cfof]usf b'O{hgf ;b:ox?n] >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf
:ynut sfof{nox?n] hgtfnfO{ k'¥ofO/x]sf] ;]jfsf] :t/ lsl;d /
k|efjsfl/tfaf/] :ynut cWoog ug{ tyf k|zf;gåf/f k|efljt hgtfx?sf]
lghfdtL ;]jf / k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7gsf] af/]df k|ltlqmofx? hfGg] p2]Zon]
afun'ª, sf:sL, wgs'6f, df]/ª / ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] e|d0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . -
cg';"rL *_
!= %= %= sfo{bnx?sf] u7g
k|zf;gsf ljleGg kIfdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf] af/]df cWoog ug{ / ;'emfj k|:t't
ug{ ljleGg sfo{bnx? u7g ul/Psf lyP . sfo{bnsf] sfo{df :jb]zL tyf
ljb]zL ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] ;xof]u ;d]t k|fKt lyof] .
!= %= ^= cfof]usf] ;xof]ufy{ cfof]lht k];fut uf]i7Lx? M
cfof]usf] sfo{df ljz]if u/L ljåt ju{ tyf k];fut ;+:yfx?sf] ljrf/wf/f /
b[li6sf]0f klg ;dfj]z xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] cfof]usf] cg'/f]wdf lqe'jg ljZj
ljBfnocGtu{tsf] cfly{s ljsf; tyf k|zf;g cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -CEDA_ /
hg k|zf;g ;ª\3 -Public Administration Association of Nepal_ sf] ;+o'Qm
tÎjfjwfgdf Ps uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
18
!= ^ k|ltj]bgsf] :j?k M
cfof]usf] d'Vo p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] lsl;dsf gLltut l;kmfl/;x? tof/
ug]{ x'Fbf of] k|ltj]bg cg';GwfgfTdseGbf a9L sfo{d"ns 5 / oxL s'/f k|ltj]bgsf]
z}nLdf klg k|ltlalDat ePsf] 5 .
cfof]un] ljleGg ljifox?df l;kmfl/;x? th'{df ugf{ ;fy ltgnfO{ :jLs[ltsf nflu
>L % sf] ;/sf/df k|:t't ub{} hfg'kg]{ x'Fbf, cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ ljleGg
ljifox?df a]Unfa]Un} sfo{kq tof/ u¥of] . of] k|ltj]bg d'VotM tL sfo{kqx?sf]
;ª\u|x xf] . sfo{kqx? cfkm}df ;Dk"0f{ x'g'kg]{ ePsfn] Pp6} ljifosf s]xL cª\z sxLF
sxLF PseGbf a9L kl/R5]bdf kg{ uPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0ffy{, ah]6;DaGwL s'/fsf]
pNn]v æof]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmof / ;ª\u7gÆ tyf æcfly{s k|zf;gÆ b'j}df 5 .
ljleGg kl/R5]bdf o:tf ljifox? hxfF bf]xf]l/g uPsf 5g\ ToxfF ;f] s'/fsf] pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
!=& cfof]usf] sfo{cjlw

cfof]un] @)$* ;fn cflZjg !& ut] sfo{ ;'¿ u/L r}q @# ut] sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf]
lyof] .
19
kl/R5]b @
;/sf/sf] sfo{If]q
@=! ljifo k|j]z
d'n'sn] tLg bzseGbf s]xL cufj}b]lv of]hgfa4 ?kdf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL
ubf{ u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ultljlw nueu z"Gosf] l:yltdf lyof] . To:tfsf
b}lgs k|zf;sLo sfo{sf] cltl/Qm ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/L lgsfon] lgjf{x ug'{ :jfefljs g} lyof] . kmn:j?k ;/sf/L
lgsfo Pj+ sd{rf/Lsf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 eof] . pBf]u / aGb Jofkf/sf] If]qdf ;d]t
;/sf/L If]qaf6 cu|;/tf lng'kgf{sf] sf/0faf6 ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ;ª\Vofdf
klg j[l4 eof] .
jt{dfg kl/l:ylt ;g\ !(%) sf] bzseGbf leGg 5 . lghL If]q km:6fpFb} cfPsf
5g\ . ljleGg :yfgLo lgsfox? / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? (Non-Governmental
Organisations) klg ljleGg If]qdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg ;dy{ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .
;/sf/sf] sfo{If]qsf] cjwf/0ffdf ljZjJofkL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . sltko ljsf;f]Gd'v
d'n'sx?n] ;/sf/ dfq ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfo xf] eGg] wf/0ffnfO{ kl/Tofu
ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L If]qsf] Psflwsf/sf] 7fpF lglhs/0f tyf :jtGq ahf/
Joj:yfn] lng yfn]sf 5g\ . o;} u/L ;/sf/L lgsfon] /fli6«o ljsf;sf] af/]df
gLlt lgwf{/0f / To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{df ;Lldt /xL cy{tGqnfO{
a9L ahf/d'vL agfO{ o; If]qdf cfkm\gf] lgoGq0f v's'nf] kfb}{ hfg'kb{5 eGg] wf/0ff
;j{JofkL x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf eg] pko'{Qm kl/jlt{t cjwf/0ffnfO{ Jojxf/df k"0f{tM cª\uLsf/ ug{ ;lsPsf]
5}g . x/]s If]qdf ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf oyfjt\\ /x]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ ;/sf/L ;ª\u7g
cgfjZos ?kdf af]lemnf] ePsf] 5 .
@= @ ljBdfg ;d:ofx? M
/fli6«o ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;/sf/ :jo+n] dfq ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 eGg] wf/f0ffn]
ubf{ lgDg ;d:ofx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ;/sf/L x:tIf]k j[l4 x'g] k|lqmof sfod} /xgfn] hghLjgsf] ljleGg If]qdf
lgoGq0f a9]sf] 5 .
-v_ /fli6«o ljsf;sf ljljw kIfdf ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] Psflwsf/ /x]sf] 5 .
o;af6 hg;fwf/0fnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg ;/sf/L lgsfox?df
hjfkmb]xLsf] efjgf ck]lIft dfqfdf ljsl;t ePsf] kfOFb}g .
20
-u_ ;;fgf lgdf{0f sfo{b]lv lnP/ a[xt\ kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;~rfng tyf pkef]Uo
;fdfgx?sf] cfk"lt{b]lv d"No lgwf{/0f;Dd ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?df ;/sf/ :jo+
k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg /xgfn] ;/sf/L ;+oGqdf cgfjZos ef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
-3_ ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf sfo{x?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L ;fdfGo hghLjgdf
k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ lsl;daf6 cGo If]qaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g ;Sg] sfo{ tL
If]qaf6} ;~rfng gu/fOPsf]n] ;/sf/L bfloTj klg cgfjZos ?kdf a9\g
uPsf] 5 .
@= # sfo{ k'g/fjnf]sgsf cfwf/x? M

/fli6«o ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;/sf/Lafx]s cGo If]qsf] klg ;xeflutf x'g'kb{5 eGg]
p2]Zocg'?k b]xfosf] cfwf/df ;/sf/L sfo{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ cfjZos ePsf]
5 .
-s_ lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ljleGg sfo{x?df ;+nUg /xL /fli6«o
ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf cu|;/ x'g ;s'g\ eGg] p2]Zo /fvL ;/sf/n] cfjZos
jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf Pj+ k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L k|j4{gfTds / k|]/0ffTds
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
-v_ u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;'udtf xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;/sf/L
lgoGq0f v's'nf] ub}{ n}hfg] .
-u_ lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ljz]if1tf -Specialisation_ xfl;n u/]sf
sfo{x?sf] klxrfg u/L To:tf sfo{x?df ;/sf/L ;+nUtf 5f8\b} hfg] .
-3_ cfly{s ultljlw / ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ cem a9L ;Ifd
agfpg pko'Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ .
@= $ k|j4{gfTds / k|]/0ffTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ M

-s_ pBf]u tyf jfl0fHodf lghL If]qnfO{ a9L cfslif{t u/fpg ;/sf/n] cfjZos
k"jf{wf/x? ;[hgf ug'{sf ;fy} pko'Qm gLlt ckgfO{ k|j4{gfTds / k|]/0ffTds
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . aGbJofkf/, pBf]u / ko{6g h:tf If]qdf / cGo
;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df >L % sf] ;/sf/ cfkm} k"0f{ ?kn] k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg
x'g'sf] ;§f lghL If]q tyf cGo lgsfo cfslif{t x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf
ug'{kb{5 .
-v_ /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{x?df lghL If]q cfslif{t gePsf] cj:yfdf
To:tf sfo{x?df ;/sf/L nufgL cfjZos x'G5 . tyflk k|f/Dedf o:tf
sfo{x? ;/sf/L nufgLdf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ eP klg ltgnfO{ cGttf]uTjf
lghL If]qåf/f g} ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} k"jf{wf/
21
;[hgf ug]{ sfo{x? -h:t} /fhdfu{, ljB't\ pTkfbg / k|;f/0f, gofF k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; / lj:tf/ cflb_ df rflxF ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf /lx/xg' jf~5gLo x'G5 .
-u_ lghL If]qn] :jfefljs ?kdf ;lhn}l;t ug{ ;Sg] Jofkfl/s sfo{x?df
;/sf/ cfkm} ;+nUg gx'g] b[li6sf]0f lnOg'kb{5 . o:tf sfo{df cfjZos kg]{
Go"gtd ;/sf/L lgoGq0fx? dfq sfod /xg] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ pBf]u k|j4{gsf] nflu ;/sf/n] :ki6 cf}Bf]lus gLlt cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .
t/ ;+j]bgzLn pBf]u / lghL If]q cu|;/ geO{ ;/sf/ :jo+n] ;~rfng
ug'{kg]{ pBf]ux?afx]s ;/sf/ cfkm}n] pBf]ux? ;~rfng gug]{ gLlt
ckgfpg'kb{5 . ;/sf/ cfkm}n] ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ pBf]unfO{ klg kl5 lghL
If]qdf g} 5f8\g] b[li6sf]0f /xg'kb{5 .
@= % ;/sf/L lgoGq0fnfO{ v's'nf] ub}{ n}hfg] M

cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qdf ;/sf/L lgoGq0f sfod /fVg'sf] p2]Zo ljsf;sf]
k|lqmofnfO{ lglZrt lbzf k|bfg ug'{ tyf ;Defljt ljifdtf pTkGg x'g glbg' xf] .
To;}n] o:tf] lgoGq0f ;/n, k|efjsf/L / ;dofg's"n x'g cfjZos 5 . cTofjZos
ljifox?df afx]s cGo ljifox?df ;/sf/L lgoGq0f /xg' jf~5gLo x'Fb}g .
;/sf/n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs If]qdf k|ToIf lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf sfod ug'{sf] ;§f
pko'Qm gLltx?sf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ultljlwnfO{ jfl~5t lbzflt/
k|jflxt ug]{ k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{ o'lQm;ª\ut x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu b]xfPsf
ljifox?nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
-s_ ;/sf/n] j:t'sf] d"No, ;]jfsf] d"No, kfl/>lds Hofnf / ljb]zL d'b|f ljlgdo
cflbdf lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ ug'{sf] ;§f ltgnfO{ ahf/ k|lqmof -Market
Mechanism_ åf/f lgwf{/0f x'g] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf / Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
pQm ljifodf ;/sf/n] lgoGq0f ug}{ k/] tfklg ;se/ s]jn c;fwf/0f
kl/l:yltdf c:yfoL ?kdf dfq lgoGq0f ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 . o;}
u/L lghL If]qsf] Psflwsfl/s jf Jofkfl/s u7aGwg -Cartel_ x'g] l:yltdf
dfq ;/sf/L x:tIf]k x'g' cfjZos 5 .
-v_ vfBfGg Go"g ePsf b'u{d If]qx?df ;/sf/L ;+:yfg -vfB ;+:yfg_ dfkm{t
9'jfgL cg'bfg lbO{ vfBfGg cfk"lt{ eOcfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] o; sfo{df 7"nf]
/sd vr{ ul//x]sf] eP tfklg vfBfGg 9'jfgLaf6 nlIft ;d"xn] kmfObf
p7fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;/L cg'bfg k|fKt vfBfGgsf] d"No :yfgLo
pTkfbgsf] d"NoeGbf Hofb} sd eO{ pTkfbgsf nflu k|f]T;fxg -Incentive_ df
k|lts"n c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . jf:tjdf To:tf] vfBfGg cfk"lt{ eOcfPsf]
22
If]qdf vfBfGg cefj gxf];\ eGg] clek|fo /fvL :yfgLo vfBfGg pTkfbgdf
g} hf]8 lbg] gLlt cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 .
b'u{d tyf ljs6 If]qx?df vfBfGg k'¥ofpg cTofjZos ePdf 9'jfgL cg'bfg
lbO{ lghL If]qdfkm{t vfBfGg pknAw u/fOg' cfjZos 5 . o:tf] cg'bfg
:yfgLo pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'Fb} uPkl5 qmdzM 36fpFb} n}hfg' jf~5gLo x'g]
b]lvG5 . clgsfn jf cGo k|fs[lts ljklQ jf df};dL k|lts"ntfsf] sf/0fn]
afnLsf] pTkfbgdf Hofb} sdL cfPsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;/sf/ :jo+n] vfBfGg
cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
-u_ xfn} ljb]zL d'b|f ljlgdodf cf+lzs kl/jTo{tfsf] gLlt ckgfOPkl5 ;/sf/n]
;'/Iff, kof{j/0f / hg:jf:YonfO{ c;/ kg]{ pBf]uafx]s c? pBf]u :yfkgf
ug{sf nflu Ohfht lng' gkg]{ u/L btf{ dfq u/fP k'Ug] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkfl/s ultljlwnfO{ cem k|f]T;flxt ug{ ;/sf/L lgoGq0fdf
plrt v's'nf]kgf Nofpg] qmd hf/L g} /flvg'kb{5 .
-3_ ;/sf/n] ;fdfGo s'/fdf klg cgfjZos ?kn] lgoGq0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu b]xfosf ljifox?nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
!= ko{6s /]:6'/fsf] btf{ ug]{ cg'dltkq lng'kg]{ ljz]if Joj:yf,
@= ;/sf/af6 rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f / syfgssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf
/
#= k':tsfno / jfrgfno vf]Nbf :yfgLo lgsfodf btf{ u/fpg'kg]{ /
v'n]sf k':tsfno / jfrgfnosf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ k|yf .
o:tf k|sf/sf cgfjZos lgoGq0fx? x6fOg'kb{5 .
@=^ lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf sfo{x?

lgwf{/0f u/L To:tf sfo{df ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf 5f]8\b} hfg] M
;/sf/n] cfkm\g} lgsfodfkm{t ;~rfng ul/cfPsf sltko sfo{x?df lghL tyf
u}/;/sf/L If]q ;lqmo b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . l;FrfO, vfg]kfgL, k|f}9 lzIff, ;fd'bflos
jg h:tf If]qdf k/Dk/fut ;+:yfx? tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf
5g\ . ctM ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt tn pNn]v ul/Psf ljleGg lqmofsnfknfO{ -h'g
pbfx/0fsf ?kdf k|:t't 5g\_ qmdzM lghL If]q, u}/;/sf/L ;ª\u7g tyf k/Dk/fut
;+:yfx?åf/f s/f/ -Contracting Out_ sf] dfWodaf6 ;~rfng u/fpg] k|lqmonfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug'{kb{5 .
23
@=^=! lghL If]qnfO{ 5f]8\g ;lsg] sfo{x? M

-s_ ;x/L If]qdf :jf:Yo tyf lzIff h:tf ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ lghL tyf
u}/;/sf/L If]qx?sf] a9\bf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L eljiodf ;/sf/n]
oL ;]jfx? ;~rfng ug{ pQm If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{kb{5 .
o;} u/L ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt :jf:Yo h:tf ;]jfx? lgMz'Ns ?kdf
pknAw u/fpg] kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ ;]jf lng]x?df k|fKt ;'ljwfsf] ;b'kof]u
ug'{kb{5 eGg] wf/0ff gx'g ;Sb5 . t;y{ ljkGg ju{nfO{ afx]s
cGonfO{ z'Ns lnO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg]tkm{ cfjZos sbd rflng'
kb{5 .
-v_ kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f / kf7\o k':ts :jLs[t ug]{ h:tf gLltut
sfo{x?afx]s kf7\o k':ts pTkfbg / ljt/0fdf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf
a9fpFb} n}hfg' kb{5 .
-u_ s[lif If]qdf jfujfgL kmfd{ ;~rfng, dT:o kfng, kz' ljsf; tyf b'Uw
pTkfbg, lap ljsf; tyf ljt/0f cflb lqmofsnfkdf lghL If]qsf]
a9\bf] ;+nUgtf b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ ;/sf/n] o:tf sfo{x? /
/f;folgs dn cfoft / ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ klg qmdzM lghL If]qnfO{
5f]8\b} hfg'kb{5 . s[lif dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf lgsfox?åf/f k|bfg
ul/g] ljleGg ;]jfx? s/f/gfdf -Contracting Out_ sf] cfwf/df lghL
If]qaf6 ;~rfng u/fpg ;lsG5 . k|f/Dedf k/LIf0fsf] ?kdf s'g}
lglZrt ;]jf -h:t}M s[lif k|;f/_ s/f/gfdfsf] cfwf/df lghL If]qåf/f
;~rfng u/fpg] / o;sf] cg'ej x]/L cGo ;]jfx? klg lghL If]qnfO{
5f]8\g] Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
-3_ sfof{no ;~rfngdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] lqmofsnfkx? h:t} wf/f, lah'nL,
6]lnkmf]g, jfo/n]; ;]6, ;jf/L ;fwg cflbsf] dd{t ;Def/, sfof{nosf]
;'/Iff Pj+ ;/;kmfO / au}Frfsf] :ofxf/ ;Def/ h:tf sfo{ ;/sf/n]
cfkm\g} sd{rf/Ldfkm{t u/fpg' ;§f lghL If]qaf6 u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-ª_ 3/]n' pBf]u ljefucGtu{t ;~rfng ePsf sfo{x?dWo] pTkfbg sfo{
-sf7sf] ;fdu|L, sfuh agfpg], sk8f pTkfbgsf ;fy} /ËfO, l;nfO,
xf]lhof/L;DaGwL pTkfbg sfo{x?_ df lghL If]q ;Ifd eO;s]sf]n] oL
sfo{x? lghL If]qnfO{ 5f]8\g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
o;} u/L 3/]n' tyf u|fdL0f pBf]u ljefu / 3/]n' pBf]u ljsf;
;ldltåf/f ;~rfng ul/Psf tflnd sfo{qmddWo] lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf
a9L b]lvPsf] un}Frf, l;nfO, kmlg{l;ª;DaGwL ljifosf tflnd sfo{qmd
24
tTsfn} lghL If]qnfO{ 5f]8L afFsL tflnd sfo{qmd klg qmdzM lghL
If]qnfO{ 5f]8\b} hfg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
@=^=@ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? -Non-Governmental Organisations_

nfO{ 5f]8\g ;lsg] sfo{x?
-s_ :jf:Yo -vf]k, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ lzz' sNof0f, cfFvf pkrf/_,
vfg]kfgL, lzIff -cgf}krfl/s lzIff_, ;fd'bflos ljsf; k|fs[lts k|sf]k
p4f/ sfo{, ckfËsf] ;]jf, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, l;k ljsf;, hgr]tgf
clej[l4, ;dfh sNof0f h:tf sfo{x?sf] ;~rfng ug]{ lhDdf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;'Dkg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
pQm sfo{qmdx?dWo] s]xL sfo{qmd k/LIf0fsf] ?kdf s/f/gfdfsf]
dfWodaf6 u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f ;~rfng u/fO{ k|fKt cg'ejsf] cfwf/df
cGo sfo{qmdx? klg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?åf/f ;~rfng u/fpg] gLlt
ckgfOg'kb{5 .
-v_ sltko u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf sfo{qmdx? ljb]zL ;xfotfdf cfl>t 5g\ .
ljb]zL ;xfotf k|fKt gePdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx? aGb x'g] jf
;~rfngsf] ef/ ;/sf/df kg{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . t;y{ ljb]zL ;xfotf
eP jf gePdf klg ;]jf lg/Gt/ ?kdf pknAw eO/fVg] Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] ;]jf ;~rfngsf] ;'¿cft ubf{
g} j}b]lzs ;xfotf jf cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L cIfo sf]if
:yfkgf u/L ;xfotf k|fKt x'g aGb ePkl5 klg ;]jf k'¥ofO{ g} /xg]
l:ylt ;[hgf ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
-u_ ljleGg k|sf/sf cfof]hgfx? -h:t} vfg]kfgL tyf ;;fgf l;FrfO cflb_
sf] 5gf]6, lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{x? jf ;DkGg ePsf
cfof]hgfx?sf] dd{t tyf ;Def/;DaGwL lhDd]jf/L dfq klg
sf/f/gfdfsf] cfwf/df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?af6 ;~rfng u/fpg pko'Qm
x'G5 .
-3_ :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ pTk|]l/t u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g u/fpg] /
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{df ltgnfO{ kl/rfng u/fpgdf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx? a9L k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf 5g\ . To;}n] o:tf sfo{df
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ a9fpFb} n}hfg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-ª_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf k/Dk/fut ;fdflhs / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?åf/f
klg ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/fpg ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
cf/If If]qafx]ssf cGo If]qx?df ;fd'bflos jgsf] :jfldTj /
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfd To:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;'lDkO{ jg dGqfnon]
25
k|fljlws ;Nnfx jf 6]jf lbg] sfo{df cfkm"nfO{ ;Lldt /fVg' plrt

x'G5 .
@=& cfly{s ultljlw / ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ cem a9L

;Ifd agfpg pko'Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ M
lghL If]q tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{x? k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;DkGg
ug{ ;dy{ t'Nofpg] p2]Zo /fvL ;/sf/n] lghL If]q tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{
a9L ljsl;t / ;'b[9 ug{ ljleGg sbd / pkfox? ckgfpg'kb{5 .
pko'Qm gLlt lgdf{0f, cfjZos ;"rgfsf] Joj:Yff, ;'ne C0fsf] k|aGw, bIf hgzlQm
pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos tflnd tyf k|ljlwsf] Joj:yf pbfx/0fsf nflu lng
;lsG5 .
@=* ;/sf/n] Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{kg]{ ljifox? M

gful/sx?nfO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ;]jfx? bIf, k|efjsf/L Pj+ ldtJooL 9Ën]
k|fKt xf];\ eGg] ;/sf/sf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{sf nflu h'g h'g If]qn] h'g h'g sfo{df
ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ tL sfo{ ltg}af6 u/fO{ ;/sf/n] s]jn cfkm}n] dfq ug{
;Sg] sfo{df ;+nUg /xg] b[li6sf]0f /fvL b]xfosf ljifox?df Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{
jf~5gLo x'G5 M
-s_ /fli6«o gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{,
-v_ cfwf/e"t ;+/rgf -Infrastructure_ ljsf; ug]{ sfo{,
-u_ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df cGo If]qx?sf] k|j]z tyf clws ;xeflutf x'g ;Sg]
cg's"n -Conducive_ l:ylt / jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/L tL If]qx?sf k|j4{g ug]{
sfo{,
-3_ cGo If]qaf6 ;fdfGotM ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cTofjZos cg';Gwfg /
tflnd;DaGwL sfo{,
-ª_ lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf / j:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/ tyf
lgoldttf sfod ug{ ug'{kg]{ lgodg -Regulation_ ;DaGwL sfo{,
-r_ gful/sx?sf] lhpwg tyf :jf:Yo / jftfj/0fsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu ug{
cfjZos lgodg;DaGwL sfo{x?,
-5_ cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg -Monitornig and Evaluation_ ;DaGwL sfo{ /
-h_ cGo If]qaf6 ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] t/ cfjZos ePsf afFsL sfo{x? .
26
@=( sfo{bnsf] u7g M

;/sf/L lgoGq0faf6 5f]8\g ;lsg] tyf lgodg -Regulation_ ul//fVg' gkg]{ egL
o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{x?sf] xsdf ;/sf/n] 5f]8\g ;lsg] sfo{x?
oyfzL3| 5f]8\g' / x6fpg'kg]{ lgoGq0fx? oyfzL3| x6fpg'kb{5 .
cGo lgsfox? ;Ifd x'Fb} uPkl5 ;/sf/n] 5f8\b} hfg'kg]{ sfo{sf] klxrfg ug]{ qmd
hf/L /fVg'kb{5 . o; qmddfM
-s_ ;/sf/sf k|To]s dGqfnon] ;Dkfbg ul/cfPsf sfo{x? / lgodg ul/Psf
ljifox? ;d]tsf] lj:t[t ;"rL tof/ u/L ;Dkfbg ul/cfPsf sfo{x? lsg
g5f]8\g] jf lsg ub}{ gug]{ < / lgodg ul/Psf ljifox?af6 lgodg lsg
gx6fpg] eGg] k|Zgsf] cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L lg¿k0f ug{ k|To]s ljifout
dGqfno -Sectoral Ministry_ df sfo{bnsf] u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ ljifout dGqfnodf ul7t sfo{bnnfO{ dfu{ bz{g ug{ / ljifout
dGqfnox?n] k|:t't u/]sf ;'emfjx?nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu
;/sf/df k]; ug{ ljleGg If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps s]Gb|Lo :t/sf]
sfo{bn dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df / ljifout dGqfnodf u7g ul/g] sfo{bnn] ;/sf/L sfo{sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ sfo{ oyfzL3| k|f/De u/L ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;'emfj
pknAw u/fpFb} hfg'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;/sf/af6 ePsf] lg0f{ocg';f/
;DalGwt P]g, lgod / kl/kqnfO{ ;d]t vf/]h jf ;+zf]wg ul/g'kb{5 . of]
k|lqmof Ps jif{leqdf ;DkGg ul/g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{
sfo{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof ePsf] x'gfn] o;kZrft\ klg
o:tf] k'g/fjnf]sg cfjZostfcg';f/ x'Fb} /xg'kb{5 .
@= !) sfof{Gjog tflnsf M
sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
– @=(= -v_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ s]Gb|Lo dlGqkl/ifb\ @)$( ;fn j}zfv
sfo{bnsf] u7g ;lrjfno dlxgfsf] bf];|f] xKtf
– @=(= -s_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ s]Gb|Lo ;DalGwt @)$( ;fn j}zfv
dGqfno :t/df sfo{bnsf] u7g dGqfnox? dlxgfsf] bf];|f] xKtf
27
kl/R5]b #
hgtfdf k'¥ofOg] ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf
#= ! ljifo k|j]z
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ ljleGg If]qdf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg]
ul/cfPsf] 5 . oL ;]jfx? zflGt ;'/Iffb]lv lnP/ 6]lnkmf]g, lah'nL, s[lif, lzIff,
:jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL OToflb ljleGg If]qdf kb{5g\ . oL ;]jfx?af6 hgtf nfeflGjt
klg ePsf 5g\ .
#= @ ;d:of
clwsf+z ;]jfx? hlt k|efjsf/L / pTkfbs x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ eGg]
s'/f ljsf;;DaGwL ;]jfx?sf af/]df ul/Psf ljleGg cWoogx?af6 1ft x'G5 .
;/sf/af6 k'¥ofpg] ul/Psf ;]jfx?df b]lvPsf d'Vo sdLx? oL 5g\ M
-s_ k'¥ofOPsf ;]jfx? hgtfn] cg'ej u/]sf cfjZostfx?nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sg]
lsl;dsf 5}gg\,
-v_ ;]jfx? nlIft ju{df k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\,
-u_ ;]jfx?sf] u'0ffTds :t/ ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g,
-3_ ;]jfx? cToGt ;Lldt ;ª\Vofsf hgtfdf dfq k'Ug ;s]sf 5g\ /
-ª_ ;]jfx? k'¥ofpg] qmddf pknAw ;fwgx? -dfgjLo, ljQLo / j:t'ut_ sf]
s'zn pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
pQm sdLx?sf sf/0fx? w]/} 5g\ . oLdWo] s]xL o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

-s_ ljutdf /fhgLlts k|lta4tfsf] cefjn] ubf{ hgtfdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{n]
jf:tljs k|fyldstf kfpg ;s]sf] lyPg .
-v_ ;]jf ;~rfng ;DaGwdf pko'Qm / Jofjxfl/s gLlt / sfo{ljlwx?
gckgfOgfn] u|fdL0f If]qdf k'¥ofOg] ;]jfx? kmnbfoL x'g ;s]gg\ .
-u_ ;]jf k|:t'tstf{x?df nlIft hgju{k|lt pQ/bfloTjsf] efjgfsf] sdL 5 .
jf:tjdf, pgLx? ;fdfGo hgtfk|lt pbfl;g b]lvPsf 5g\ .
-3_ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf ;'rf¿ ?k;Fu k'¥ofpgsf
nflu x'g'kg]{ ;d'lrt k|f]T;fxg Joj:yfsf] cefj 5 .
28
-ª_ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 lgwf{l/t x'g] u/]sf] / sfo{:ynsf
sfof{no / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] If]qsf] hftLo, ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
ef}uf]lns ljleGgtfcg'?k ;]jf k'¥ofpg] tl/sfdf cg's"n sfo{ljlw ckgfpg
;Sg] :jtGqtf 5}g .
-r_ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df cfly{s, dfgjLo / ef}lts ;fwgx?sf] ;d'lrt jf
;jf]{Qd pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . pbfx/0ffy{, w]/} lhNnf sfof{nox?df
sd{rf/Lx?sf] tnasf nflu ah]6 /flvPsf] 5 . t/ tL sd{rf/Lx?n] ug'{kg]{
sfdsf nflu rflxg] ah]6sf] sdL 5 . o;n] ubf{ Psflt/ sd ;ª\Vofdf
/x]sf tflnd k|fKt k|fljlw1x?sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg]
csf]{lt/ pgLx?sf] tnadf vr{ x'g] u/]sf] /sd w]/} cª\zdf v]/ hfg]
u/]sf] 5 .
-5_ ;]jf kl/k"lt{;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? p2]Zod"ns geO{ sfo{ljlwd"ns ePsfn] ;]jf
k'¥ofpg] jf:tljs p2]Zo k"/f eP gePsf]tkm{ gLlt lgdf{tfx?sf] ;d'lrt Wofg
uPsf] 5}g .
-h_ ;]jfdf k|efjsfl/tf / ldtJolotf Nofpg] sfo{df sfo{:ynl:yt sfof{nox?sf]
dflyNnf] :t/af6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;'kl/j]If0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
-em_ ;]jfu|fxL -Recipient_ hgtfdf r]tgfsf] sdLn] ubf{ lghx?af6 ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{ sfof{nox?dfly hgtfsf] cfjZostfg';f/ k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;]jf k|bfg
ug{sf nflu ;d'lrt bafa -Pressure_ kg{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
-`_ b'u{d lhNnfx?df /x]sf w]/} sfof{nox?df kbk"lt{ eO/x] tfklg clwsf+z
sd{rf/Lx? lhNnfdf cg'kl:yt /xgfn] ;]jf ;~rfngdf afwf k/]sf] 5 .
-6_ ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] pRr :t/af6 sfo{:yndf k'¥ofpg] ul/Psf] ;]jfx?sf]
pko'Qm cg'udg / ;'k/Lj]If0fdf ;f]rgLo sdL b]lvPsf] 5 . cToGt ckof{Kt
b}lgs / e|d0f eQfn] klg of] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] xf] .
-7_ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ljleGg sf/0fx?af6 hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df
;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] dgf]andf Jofks x|f; cfPsf] 5 .
#=# ;'wf/sf pkfox?

pko'{Qm sdLnfO{ x6fO{, ;/sf/åf/f pknAw u/fOg] ljleGg lsl;dsf ;]jfx?nfO{ a9L
k|efjsf/L, ;fGble{s / u'0ffTds agfpg] b[li6af6 hgtfdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] jt{dfg
k|zf;sLo Joj:yf / ljlwdf cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g / ;'wf/x? ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
;'wf/sf] o; qmddf, dGqfno÷ljefux?af6 tn n]lvPcg';f/sf] sfo{ Joj:yf
ckgfpg' kmnbfoL x'G5 M
29
-s_ k|To]s dGqfno jf ljefun] cfly{s jif{sf] k|f/Dedf cfkm\gf] lhNnf jf

sfo{:yn l:yt -Field_ sfof{nosf k|d'vx?nfO{ lghx?n] slt / s'g
cfly{s :t/sf hgtfnfO{ s'g k|sf/sf / s:tf] u'0f:t/sf ;]jfx?
k'¥ofpg'kg]{ xf] ;a} :ki6 ?kn] tf]Sg] .
-v_ To;kl5 sfof{no k|d'vx?;Fu 5nkmn u/L pQm ;]jfx? k'¥ofpgsf nflu
rflxg] dfgjLo, ljQLo / cGo ;fwg lghx?nfO{ pknAw x'g] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
-u_ clg, dGqfno jf ljefuåf/f lgwf{l/t p2]Zocg'?k, nlIft ;d"xdf k|efjsf/L
/ ldtJolotfk"0f{ 9Ën] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfddf sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ lhNnfsf]
l:yltcg'?k pko'Qm sfo{ gLlt ckgfpg k"0f{ :jfwLgtf lbg] .
-3_ d"Nofª\sgsf pko'Qm dfkb08x? :ki6 ?kdf tf]Sg] / dfkb08x?sf]
hfgsf/L lhNnf sfof{nox?nfO{ klg lbg] .
-ª_ sfof{no k|d'vx?n] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] ;d'lrt cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg u/L
pQm d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df lhNnf sfof{nox?nfO{ k'/:sf/ jf b08 lbg]
Joj:yf ug]{ . cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ubf{, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofsf]
cfwf/df xf]Og sfo{qmdsf] glthfsf] cfwf/df ug]{ .
-r_ k|To]s jif{ sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghn] u/]sf] sfdsf] d"Nofª\sgsf]
cfwf/df jflif{s tnasf] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt;Dd k'/:sf/ :j?k lbg] .
;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{ gug]{nfO{ pko'Qm ;hfo ug]{ .
-5_ dGqfno÷ljefun] sfof{no k|d'vx?;Fu dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ;dembf/L
-Understanding_ lnlvt ?kdf ug]{ .
-h_ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ k|To]s sfof{nodf ;f] sfof{non] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] p2]Zo,
;]jfsf] k|sf/ / u'0f:t/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof, tyf ;]jf kfpgsf
nflu hgtfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? tyf klv{g'kg]{ ;do OToflb :ki6 ?kdf ;"rgf
kf6Ldf n]v]/ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ?kn] /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-em_ k|To]s dGqfno÷ljefun] klg cfkm\gf jf cfkm\gfcGtu{tsf sfof{nox?af6
hgtfn] ck]Iff ug{ ;Sg] ;]jfsf] ljj/0f / tT;DaGwL k|lqmofaf/] ;"rgfsf
ljleGg dfWodåf/f hgtfnfO{ Jofks ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-`_ s'g} sfof{non] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ;]jf gk'¥ofPdf gful/sx?n] To;sf]] ;"rgf
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, ;DalGwt lgsfosf] If]qLo jf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jf
cfkm\gf Onfsfsf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?nfO{ lbg ;d]t k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
-6_ hgtfdf ;d'lrt ?kn] ;]jf k'¥ofpgsf nflu ;]jf k|bfg ug]{x?dfly jfl~5t
bafa lbg] p2]Zon] >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljleGg If]qdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf
30
;ª\u7gx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] / To:tf

;ldlt÷;ª\u7gx?n] k|:t't u/]sf s'/fx?dfly ;d'lrt Wofg lbg] / cfjZos
b]lvPdf sf/afxL ;d]t ug]{ .
-7_ dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ cfkm\gf] lhNnfleq ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df lhNnf
sfof{no k|d'vx? lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ eg] ;Dk"0f{ b]zdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] pko'Qm
Joj:yf ldnfpgsf nflu ljefuLo k|d'vnfO{ dGqfnok|lt hjfkmb]xL
u/fO{g'kb{5 .
-8_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] b}lgs / e|d0f eQfsf] b/df t'¿Gt kof{Kt j[l4 ug'{kb{5 h;n]
ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ sfo{:yndf cg'udg / ;'k/Lj]If0f e|d0f
ug{ ;Dej x'g ;sf];\ .
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] Joj:yf ljz]if u/L u|fdL0f If]qdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfof{nox?sf
;DaGwdf nfu" ul/g'kb{5, h:t} s[lif, vfg]kfgL, ;fgf l;FrfO, ;fd'bflos jg,
k|fylds / cgf}krfl/s lzIff, k|fylds :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof]hg, 3/]n' pBf]u cflb .
#=#=! s/f/sf] dfWodåf/f ;]jf k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ M
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] Joj:yfsf cltl/Qm s]xL ;]jfx?nfO{ lghL jf
u}/;/sf/L If]qdf /x]sf ;ª\u7g jf ;+:yfx?nfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbg]tkm{ klg
ljrf/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd ;DalGwt dGqfno÷ljefun]
;]jfx?;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0fx? :ki6 ?kdf tf]sL pQm ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{
;Ifd ;+:yfx?;Fu k|:tfj -Proposal_ k|:t't ug{ cfdGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
k|:tfjx? k|fKt ePkl5 dGqfno÷ljefun] ;j{k|yd, k|fKt ePsf k|:tfjx?sf]
d"Nofª\sg u/L ;jf]{Qd 7xl/Psf k|:tfjx? k]; ug]{ ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tf
ug'{kb{5 .
o; Joj:YffcGtu{t 7]Ssf kfpg] lghL jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] u/]sf]
sfo{sf] /fd|f];Fu cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f / d"Nofª\sg ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 .
o;sf nflu, ;+:yfx?n] k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;]jf;DaGwL ljj/0fx?, cg'udg ug{
;lhnf] x'g] u/L :ki6 ?kn] tf]Sg'kb{5 . ;fy} dGqfno÷ljefusf] cg'udg /
d"Nofª\sg ug]{ Ifdtf klg j[l4 ub}{ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . o; Joj:yfnfO{ k|f/Dedf
s]xL dGqfno÷ljefusf s]xL lhNnfdf k/LIf0f u/L k|efjsf/L b]lvPdf
u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] Ifdtfdf x'Fb} uPsf] ljsf;cg'?k cGo lhNnfx?df klg
qmlds ?kdf nfu" ub}{ hfg'kb{5 . k|f/lDes k/LIf0f, ;j{k|yd, cg'udg ug{
;lhnf] x'g] ;]jfx?sf ;DaGwdf ug{' pko'Qm x'G5, h:t} M– vfg]kfgL, ;fgf
l;FrfO, ;fd'bflos jg . o;;DaGwL cGo s'/f kl/R5]b @ df ;d]t pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
31
#=#=@ ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg]

;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ ljleGg dGqfnox?åf/f lhNnf / sfo{:yn -Field_ df
/x]sf cfkm\gf sfof{nox?sf] lj:tf/ u/L ltgLx?df lgo'Qm ePsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof a9fpFb} hfg] k|j[lQ xfn b]vf k/]sf] 5 . o;
k|j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 . ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ ljleGg dGqfnox?n]
If]q / sfo{:yndf /x]sf cfkm\gf sfof{nox?sf] e"ldsf / cf}lrToaf/]
clxn];Ddsf] cg'ejsf] cfwf/df, k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;]jf kl/k"lt{;DaGwL
sfo{gLlt -Strategy_ sf] th'{df ug'{ /fd|f] x'g] 5 . pQm sfo{gLltdf, vf;
u/L u|fdL0f If]qdf kl/k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ ;]jfx?sf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/L e"ldsf a9fpg]
xf]Og 36fpg], tyf u}/;/sf/L / cGo If]qsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg]tkm{
ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 . :yfgLo :jzfl;t ;+:yfx?, ;fd'bflos ;ª\u7gx?,
k/Dk/fut ;+:yfx? / lghL pBdL / Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df
a9L ;l/s u/fpg' jf~5gLo x'g] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f ;/sf/sf]
sfo{If]q;DaGwL kl/R5]b -kl/R5]b @_ df lbOPsf] 5 .
#=$ ljljw
dfly bkmf #=# sf] a'Fbf -h_ / -6_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] Joj:yf, ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf ;DaGwdf klg nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
32
kl/R5]b $
k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7g
$=! ljifo k|j]z
ljut bzsx?df ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo / :yfgLo :t/sf ;/sf/L
sfof{nx?sf] ;ª\Vof / cfsf/df Jofks / cgfjZos lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . o;sf]
kmn:j?k Pp6} lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] sltko sfdx? klg PseGbf
a9L lgsfoaf6 ul/Fbf ltgLx? aLr /xg'kg]{ ;dGjo / k|efjsfl/tfdf k|lts"n c;/
k/]sf] 5 eg] Pp6f lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g'kg]{ sltko sfo{x? csf]{ lgsfocGtu{t
klg kg{ uPsf 5g\ . oL ;a}n] ubf{ k|zf;g l56f], 5l/tf], ;/n, k|efjsf/L / sd
vlr{nf] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
$=@ ljBdfg ;ª\u7gfTds :j?k

-s_ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ljBdfg ;ª\u7gfTds 9fFrfcGtu{t s]Gb|, If]q, c~rn,
lhNnf / Onfsf :t/df sfof{nox? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ .
-v_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df dGqfno -dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno;lxt_ @@, ljefu $* /
ljefuLo :t/sf $( sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ .
-u_ If]qLo :t/df /x]sf] If]qLo lgb]{zgfno÷sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\Vof !)* /x]sf] 5 .
-3_ g]kfn clw/fHoleq c~rn :t/Lo ^$, lhNnf :t/Lo @)#!, Onfsf :t/Lo
@!%% / PsfO :t/Lo $(%# ;d]t hDdf (@)# sfof{nox? :yfkgf ePsf
5g\ .
$=# ljBdfg ;d:ofx? M

-s_ ;/sf/L sfof{nox? k|To]s :t/df sfd eP jf geP klg ljefuLo pkl:ylt
sfod ug]{ b[li6sf]0fn] vf]lnPsf 5g\ .
-v_ Pp6} lgsfoaf6 k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsg] sfo{x? klg PseGbf
a9L lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/Fbf sfddf bf]xf]/f]kg cfPsf] / ;dGjo klg x'g
g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} cgfjZos ?kn] sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\Vof tyf tx
j[l4 x'gfn] ;/sf/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ k|lqmof vlr{nf] ePsf] 5 .
-u_ lgoldt ;/sf/L ;ª\u7gaf6 x'g ;Sg] sfo{x?sf] nflu klg ljsf; ;ldlt
P]gcGtu{t cfof]hgf sfof{nox? :yfkgf ug]{ k|j[lQ b]lvPsf] 5 .
33
s]Gb|Lo :t/
$=$ dGqfnox?sf] ;ª\Vof / sfo{If]q M
cgfjZos ;ª\u7gfTds lj:tf/nfO{ lgolGqt ug]{ tyf ljleGg dGqfnox?sf] sfo{
ljefhgdf bf]xf]/f]kg cfpg glbg] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljBdfg dGqfnox?sf] ;ª\Vof @!
af6 36fP/ !* sfod ul/g'kb{5 -cg';"rL !_ .
o;cg';f/ dGqfnox?sf sfo{ b]xfocg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .
$=$=! cy{ dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=@ pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] xfn} cy{tGqdf v'nfkgf Nofpg] b[li6sf]0faf6 u/]sf
lg0f{ocg'?k pBf]u, jfl0fHo / ljb]zL ljlgdo;DaGwL lgodgx? 36]sf /
eljiodf ;d]t 36\b} hfg] ePsf]n] pBf]u / jfl0fHo dGqfnox?sf] sfo{af]em
sd x'g hfg] x'Fbf b'j} dGqfnox?nfO{ Pp6}df ufeL pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno
gfds/0f ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . k|:tfljt dGqfnon] g} df}h'bf cfk"lt{
dGqfnon] ul/cfPsf] sfd;d]t x]g'{kb{5 .
df}h'bf cfk"lt{ dGqfnoåf/f xfn bfn, lrgL, vfg]t]n, sf7 bfp/f, df]6f]
sk8fb]lv /;folgs dn, l8h]n k]6«f]n / xjfO{ OGwgb]lv lnP/ lrof;Dd
@( k|sf/sf j:t'x? cTofjZos j:t'sf] zLif{scGtu{t cfk"lt{sf] Joj:Yff
ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . o:tf j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{df lghL If]qsf] a9\bf] ;+nUgtfn]
ubf{ cToGt cfjZos j:t'x?sf] cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf u/fpg]afx]s cfk"lt{;DaGwL
cGo sfo{df k|:tfljt pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno ;+nUg x'g' x'Fb}g . ;fy}
jfl0fHo dGqfnosf] cfk"lt{;DaGwL bfloTj qmdzM sd ub}{ n}hfg'kb{5 .
df}h'bf cfk"lt{ dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfgx? ;DalGwt dGqfno;Fu ;Da4
t'NofOg'kb{5 .
$=$=# s[lif dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=$ sfg'g Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno
sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnLåf/f tf]lsPsf sfo{sf cltl/Qm ;+;b\df k]; x'g]
;/sf/L sfo{qmd;DaGwL s'/fx? sfg'g Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf
34
dGqfnocGtu{t /flvg' pko'Qm x'G5 . ;fy} ;+;b\;DaGwL >L % sf] ;/sf/n]

ug'{kg]{ sfo{ klg o;}cGtu{t /flvg'kb{5 .
$=$=% u[x dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=^ hn;|f]t dGqfno
xfn o; dGqfnon] ;Dkfbg ul/cfPsf sfo{x?sf] cltl/Qm vfg]kfgL tyf
9n lgsf;;DaGwL sfo{x? o;} dGqfnoaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g' jf~5gLo 5 .
$=$=& lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqfno
xfn lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqfnon] ug]{ egL sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnLdf
plNnlvt sfdsf] cltl/Qm gu/ ljsf;;DaGwL ef}lts kl/of]hgf, ;/sf/L
cfjf; tyf ejgx?sf] lgdf{0f / ;'wf/;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? o;
dGqfnoaf6 x]l/g'kb{5 .
$=$=* k//fi6« dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=( ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnLåf/f lgwf{l/t sfo{x?cg'?k o; dGqfnosf] gfds/0f
ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8g dGqfno ul/g'kb{5 .
$=$=!) /Iff dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=!! jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{ jg dGqfno;Fu dfq ;DalGwt geO{ cGo
sltko dGqfnox?;Fu ;d]t ;DalGwt /x]sf]n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] sfo{ Ps}
dGqfno;Fu dfq cfa4 gx'g] u/L jt{dfg jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnonfO{ jg
tyf e";+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{x? x]g]{ dGqfnosf] ?kdf ;flasdf em}F jg tyf
e";+/If0f dGqfno gfds/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
35
$=$=!@ lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfno

oyfjt\\ .
$=$=!# ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
o; dGqfnosf] nflu tf]lsPsf] sfo{x?sf cltl/Qm k|fljlws ;]jfx? nufot
;Dk"0f{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ o; dGqfnocGtu{tdf /flvg'
kb{5 . tb\g'?k, lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f, pkbfg
nufot ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s ;'ljwfx?;DaGwL ljifodf cy{ dGqfno;Fu k/fdz{ u/L
gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfd klg o; dGqfnon] ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ug{'kg{] sfo{sf] dxÎjnfO{ ljrf/ u/L o;sf]
k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg o;nfO{ k|wfgdGqLcGtu{t /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
$=$=!$ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnLåf/f lgwf{l/t sfo{x?cg'?k ;~rf/ dGqfnosf]
gfds/0f ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno ul/g'kb{5 .
$=$=!% :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno -Minsitry of

Local Self Government & Social Development_
:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;Dkfbg ul/cfPsf sfo{x?sf cltl/Qm df}h'bf >d
tyf ;fdflhs sNof0f dGqfnosf] ;fdflhs sNof0f;DaGwL sfo{ o;sf]
sfo{If]qdf ;dfj]z u/L o;sf] gfds/0f :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs
ljsf; dGqfno ul/g'kb{5 .
$=$=!^ :jf:Yo dGqfno
oyfjt\\ .
$=$=!& >d dGqfno
sfo{af]emsf] b[li6af6 >dnfO{ pBf]u dGqfnodf ;dfj]z ug{ pko'Qm eP
tfklg pBf]u / >dsf] lxtdf lj/f]wfef; x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] Pp6} dGqfnon]
b'j} sfo{ x]g{] Joj:yf ug{'sf] ;§f >dnfO{ ;fg} eP klg Pp6f 5'§}
dGqfnosf] ?kdf /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
$=$=!* e"ld ;'wf/ tyf e"ld Joj:yf dGqfno
df}h'bf gfdsf] ;§f pko'{Qm gfds/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
36
$=$=!( dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno

oyfjt\\ .
$=% ljefux? tyf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox?
ljleGg dGqfnocGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{nox?sf ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/sf]
Joj:yf ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 M
$=%=! cy{ dGqfnocGtu{t
o; dGqfnocGtu{t xfn /x]sf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox? oyfjt\
/flvg'kb{5 .
$=%=@ pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfnocGtu{t
df}h'bf pBf]u / jfl0fHocGtu{t /x]sf ljefux?nfO{ oyfjt\ /flvg'kb{5 .
;fy} 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt tyf 3/]n' tyf u|fdL0f pBf]u
ljefunfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ lbzftkm{ ljrf/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
sDkgL P]gcGtu{t btf{ ul/g'kg]{ ;+:yfx? sDkgLsf] sfo{If]q -h:t} pBf]u,
jfl0fHo, s[lif cflb_ cg';f/ xfn ljleGg dGqfnocGtu{tsf lgsfox?df btf{
u/fOg] Joj:yf ePsf]df To;sf] ;§f Ps} 7fpFdf btf{ ul/g] Joj:yf u/L
o;sf] nlfu pBf]u jfl0fHocGtu{t sDkgL /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{no :yfkgf
ul/g'kb{5 .
$=%=# s[lif dGqfnocGtu{t
o; dGqfnocGtu{t xfn /x]sf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox?dWo] vfB tyf
s[lif ahf/ ;]jf ljefuafx]s c? ljefu÷sfof{nox? oyfjt\ /flvg'kb{5 .
vfB tyf s[lif ahf/ ;]jf ljefun] xfn s[lif pTkfbg tyf d"No;DaGwL
tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ / ahf/ ;]jfsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 . s[lif
pTkfbg / d"Nox?sf] tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug]{ sfo{ s[lif dGqfnoeGbf leGg
s'g} ;+:yfn] ug{ a9L pko'Qm x'g] x'gfn] of] sfd s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefudf
;fl/g'kb{5 . ahf/ ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{ rflxF s[lif dGqfnocGtu{t Pp6f 5'§}
PsfO :yfkgf u/L, ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o;k|sf/ o; ljefusf] 5'§}
cl:tTjsf] cfjZostf b]lvFb}g .
$=%=$ u[x dGqfnocGtu{t
/flvg'kb{5 .
37
t/ s]Gb|Lo ;]jf ljefu jt{dfg ?kdf /flvg'kg]{ cf}lrTo dfly k'g/fjnf]sg

ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
$=%=% hn;|f]t dGqfnocGtu{t
/flvg'kb{5 / vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu ;d]t o;}cGtu{t /flvg'
kb{5 .
$=%=^ lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqfnocGtu{t
/flvg'kb{5 . df}h'bf cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf; ljefu / ejg ljefunfO{
ufeL Pp6} ljefu -cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf; ljefu_ sfod u/L o;
dGqfnocGtu{t /flvg'kb{5 .
$=%=& k//fi6« dGqfnocGtu{t
o; dGqfnocGtu{t /x]sf] cltly ;Tsf/ ljefunfO{ vf/]h u/L o;n]
;~rfng ul/cfPsf] sfdx? k//fi6« dGqfnocGtu{t Pp6f ;fgf] sfof{no
:yfkgf u/L ;Dkfbg u/fOg'kb{5 .
$=%=* ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnocGtu{t
xjfO{ ljefusf] sfo{sf] k|s[lt x]bf{ o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;~rfngdf a9L
:jfoQtf k|bfg ug'{ jf~5gLo 5 . ctMPj o; ljefunfO{ Pp6f 5'§}
k|flws/0fsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ sbd rfNg' pko'Qm x'G5 . xjfO{ ljefunfO{
k|flws/0fsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ul/Pkl5 xjfO{ oftfoft;DAfGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f /
cfjZos P]g, lgod th'{df ug{ dGqfnodf Ps ;fgf] PsfOsf] Joj:yf
ul/g'kb{5 .
$=%=( /Iff dGqfnocGtu{t
o; dGqfnocGtu{tsf sfof{nox? oyfjt\ /flvg'kb{5 .
$=%=!) jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnocGtu{t
xfn jg tyf jftfj/0fcGtu{t /x]sf] ljefu / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox? o;
dGqfnocGtu{t /flvg'kb{5 .
38
$=%=!! lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfnocGtu{t

o; dGqfnocGtu{t xfn /x]sf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nox? oyfjt\ /flvg'kb{5 .
$=%=!@ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnocGtu{t
o; dGqfnocGtu{t xfn /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no oyfjt\\ /flvg'kb{5 .
$=%=!# ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnocGtu{t
x'nfs ;]jf ljefunfO{ cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] cfTdlge{/ u/fO{ l56f] 5l/tf] x'nfs
;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd agfpg g]kfn x'nfs ;]jf (Nepal Postal Service) nfO{
;/sf/L If]qleq g} Ps :jzfl;t ;+:yf (Authority) sf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{
Joj:yf ePdf x'nfs ;]jfn] j:t' / l6s6sf] d"No, cGo ;]jf z'Ns /
Joj:yfkg k|lqmof ;d]t cfkm}n] lgwf{l/t ug{ ;Sb5 . ;'¿df o; k|flw/0fnfO{
;/sf/L cg'bfg lbg' cfjZos x'G5 . t/ o;n] qmdzM cfkm\gf] ;]jf÷j:t'sf]
z'Ns cGt/f{li6«o :t/df k'¥ofPkl5 of] k|flws/0f cfkm\g} cfo;|f]taf6
;~rflnt x'g ;Sg] 5 . of] Joj:yf ePkl5 jt{dfg x'nfs ;]jf ljefu
cGtu{t /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfof{nox? k|flws/0fcGtu{t /flvg'kb{5 .
x'nfs ;]jf ljefunfO{ k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft ug{ Ps sfo{bn u7g ul/g'kb{5
/ of] ljefu k|flws/0fdf kl/0ft eO;s]kl5 x'nfs ;]jf;DaGwL P]g sfg'g /
gLlt;DaGwL s'/fx? x]g{ Ps ;fgf] PsfO dGqfnodf /flvg'kb{5 .
d'b|0f tyf k|sfzg ljefunfO{ klg >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTj /x]sf]
:jzfl;t lgsfosf] ?kdf kl/0ft ul/g'kb{5 .
/]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] sfo{ k|s[lt Pp6} lsl;dsf] ePsf]n]
logLx?nfO{ a]Unfa]Un} af]8{cGtu{t /flvg'sf] ;§f Pp6} k|zf;sLo 5ftfcGtu{t
/xg] u/L /fli6«o k|;f/0f tyf 6]lnlehg k|flws/0f (National Broadcasting
and Television Authority) sf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 .
$=%=!$ :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t

-s_ ef}uf]lns ljs6tf / leGgtfn] ubf{ b'u{d If]qsf] ;fdflhs, ef}lts, cfly{s
tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] nflu 5'§} k|of;sf] cfjZostf 5 . ctM b'u{d
If]q ljsf; ;ldlt / nfdf tyf u'Daf ;ldltnfO{ vr{ lskmfot ug]{ b[li6n]
Pp6} ;ldltcGtu{t /flvg'kb{5 . ;fy} ;fdflhs, ef}lts tyf cfly{s
k"jf{wf/df ePsf ljsf;nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL xfn /x]sf b'u{d lhNnfsf]
;"rLdfly k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 . k'g/fjnf]sgsf] k|lqmof cfjlws ?kdf
hf/L /fvL b'u{d If]qsf] ljz]if sfo{qmdnfO{ qmdzM 36fpFb} hfg'kb{5 .
39
-v_ :yfgLo :t/df x'g] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ;;fgf sfo{qmdx?df k|fljlws ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg cfjf; tyf ;x/L ljsf; ljefu / vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf;
ljefuaf6 cfjZos ;ª\Vofdf k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx? sfhdf lnO{ o;
dGqfnocGtu{t k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] ;~rfngdf k|fljlws ;xof]u k'¥ofpg æ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f zfvfÆ sf]
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . o; zfvfdf sfd ug]{ k|fljlw1x? :yfgLo ljsf;
clwsf/L k|ToIf lgoGq0f tyf lgb]{zgdf /xg] Joj:yf ;d]t ldnfpg'kb{5 .
o; dGqfnon] ;DalGwt dGqfno;Fu ;Dks{ /fvL pQm k|:tfljt
Joj:yfnfO{ sfo{ ?kdf kl/0ft ug'{kb{5 .
-u_ dlxnf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ dlxnfsf] ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmddf k|ToIf
;xfotf k'¥ofpg] u/L ljBdfg dlxnf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?df /x]sf ef}lts tyf
cGo ;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df ltgsf] ;ª\Vofdf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kb{5 . :yfgLo
ljsf; / gu/kflnsf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] xsdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL -kl/R5]b
!*_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .
$=^ sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox? (Field Office)

$=^=! If]qLo sfof{no;DaGwL Joj:yf
lhNnf sfof{nosf ultljlwx?sf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg / dfu{ bz{gsf nflu
If]qLo :t/df Ps ;fgf] If]qLo sfof{no -If]qLo lgb]{zgfno xf]Og_ /fVg'
pkof]uL x'g] 5 . cg'udgsf nflu If]qLo sfof{nosf] ;§f dGqfno÷ljefudf
g} ljsf; If]qsf] cfwf/df cg'udg PsfO :yfkgf ug{ klg ;lsG5 . oL b'j}
ljsNkx?sf] k/LIf0f u/L a9L k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] ljsNknfO{ qmdzM ckgfpFb}
hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;af/]df kl/R5]b % sf] bkmf %=* df klg pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 .
$=^=@ lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{no
-s_ !$ c~rn / &% lhNnfsf] ?kdf @)!* ;fndf ePsf] b]zsf] ef}uf]lns
ljefhgdfly k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfjZostf 5 . oftfoft / ;~rf/sf
If]qdf ;[hgf ul/Psf k"jf{wf/x?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL If]q / lhNnfx?sf]
;ª\Vofdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Ps cfof]u u7g ul/g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu
ljz]if1x? ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] Ps cfof]u u7g u/L ljBdfg ljsf;
If]q / lhNnfsf] ;ª\Vofdf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kb{5 .
k|:tfljt cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt geP;Dd oftfoft / ;~rf/sf] ;'ljwf
k'u]sf lhNnfx?df /x]sf ;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx?sf] ;ª\Vof 36fpg]
40
p2]Zon] lhNnfx?df Pp6f lhNnfaf6 l5d]sL lhNnfx?df k|zf;sLo /

cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] ljz]if kl/l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL sf7df8f}F,
nlntk'/ tyf eQmk'/ lhNnf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfod} /fvL
pgLx?n] ug]{ sfo{x?df ;dGjo Nofpg] / /]vb]v ug]{ p2]Zon] Pp6f
pkTosf cfo'Qmsf] kb ;[hgf u/L To;df k|zf;g ;]jfsf] ljlzi6
>]0fLsf kbflwsf/L lgo'Qm ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . pkTosf cfo'Qmsf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :yfgLo k|zf;g P]gdf ;+zf]wg u/L ;dfj]z
ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ ljleGg dGqfnocGtu{tsf ljefux?n] &% j6} lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd /
sfo{ af]emsf] ljrf/ gu/L zfvf sfof{nox? vf]Ng] u/]sf 5g\ . o;
k|j[lQnfO{ /f]sL ljleGg ljefusf lhNnf :t/Lo / Onfsf sfof{nox?sf]
cfjZostfdfly k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ t'¿Gt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] Ps
sfo{ 6f]nLsf] u7g ug'{kb{5 / pQm sfo{ 6f]nLsf] l;kmfl/;cg';f/
cgfjZos sfof{nox?nfO{ t'¿Gt vf/]h ;d]t ug'{kb{5 .
-3_ Ps dGqfnocGtu{tsf ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfo{x? -pbfx/0ffy{ vfg]kfgL /
l;FrfO_ sf] ;~rfngsf nflu dGqfno÷ljefun] a]Un} lhNnf :t/Lo
sfof{nox? vf]Ng' ;§f Pp6} lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{noaf6 ;Dkfbg
u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-ª_ s]Gb| / lhNnfsf aLrdf If]qLo :t/df If]qLo k|zf;ssf] cfjZostf
ljifodf ax'kIfLo 5nkmn x'Fbf of] ljifo k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf /xg]
cg'udg PsfOåf/f ;DalGwt lgsfo / ljz]if1x?;Fu 5nkmn u/L 6'+uf]
nufpg' jf~5gLo x'g] 5 .
$=& ljljw
$=&=! jftfj/0fLo kl/ifb\
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfd ljleGg dGqfnox?;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n]
jftfj/0f;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 sfof{Gjog u/fpg
k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf Ps jftfj/0fLo kl/ifb\ :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 .
;dGjosf] b[li6n] kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]udf /xg' pko'Qm
x'G5 .
41
$=&=@ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf nflu /fli6«o cfof]u

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] lxt ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug]{ sfd ljleGg
dGqfnox?;Fu ;DalGwt ePsfn] tT;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f tyf lgwf{l/t gLltsf]
sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 u/fO{ cg'udgsf nflu Ps ædlxnf tyf
afnaflnsfsf] nflu /fli6«o cfof]uÆ (National Commission on Women &
Children) sf] u7g ul/g'kb{5 . o; cfof]usf] ;lrjfno klg /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf /xg' jf~5gLo x'G5 .
$=&=# kmd{x?sf] btf{ s/ sfof{nodf dfq x'g]
xfn k"0f{ :jfldTj / ;fem]bf/L kmd{x? s/ sfof{no tyf cGo ljleGg
lgsfox?df ;d]t btf{ x'g] u/]sf]df ca s/ sfof{nodf dfq btf{ eP k'Ug]
Joj:yf ldnfpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
$=&=$ df}h'bf sfof{nox? oyfjt\ /xg]
o; kl/R5]bdf vf/]h ug]{ jf ufEg] egL pNn]v gePsf df}h'bf c? ;Dk"0f{
sfof{nox? oyfjt\ /xg'kb{5 .
42
kl/R5]b %
of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmof
%=! ljifo k|j]z
b]zdf of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmofx? k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . clwsf+z ljsf;
cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog ;dodf k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . w]/} cfof]hgfx?af6 ck]lIft
k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . clwsf+z sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?df hgzlQm /
;fdu|Lx?sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ;dGjo klg
/fd|/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{, ljsf; of]hgf / ljsf; k|zf;g;DaGwL jt{dfg
Joj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L To;df ;'wf/ ug'{ cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . o; lbzfdf
rflng'kg]{ s]xL sbdx? o;k|sf/ 5g\ M
-s_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] e"ldsf ;'lglZrt ug]{,
-v_ of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;DalGwt dGqfnox?nfO{ ;lqmo ;xefuL agfpg] .
-u_ ah]6sf k|lqmofx?df ;'wf/ ug]{,
-3_ ljsf; cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf tyf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg]
sfo{df (Delivery of Services) a9L k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg],
-ª_ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/L ;dGjo ug]{ /
-r_ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ pko'Qm lsl;dsf ljsf; sfo{x? x:tfGt/0f
ug]{
%=@ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] e"ldsf

k|zf;g h:t} ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L klg dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf] x'G5 . ljz]if1x? ;dfj]z
ePsf] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ pQm lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ k|fljlws /
cGo ;Nnfx pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u ub{5 . o; l;4fGtcg'?k /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf d'Vo sfo{x? lgDgfg';f/ tf]lsg'kb{5 .
-s_ b]zsf] ljBdfg Jofks cfly{s l:yltsf] (Macro-economic Situation)
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cy{ dGqfno / g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\ssf] ;+nUgtfdf tT;DaGwL
pko'Qm gLltx? l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-v_ ljsf;sf cfwf/e"t gLltx? th'{df ug]{,
-u_ ljsf;sf k|fyldstfx? lgwf{/0f ug]{,
43
-3_ cy{ dGqfno / g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\s;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;/sf/L nufgLsf] kl/df0f
lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;fwgx?nfO{ ljleGg v08x? (Sector) df afF8kmfF8 ug]{,
-ª_ k|:tfljt nufgLsf ck]lIft k|ltkmnx? k|If]k0f ug]{,
-r_ k"jf{wf/;DaGwL ljifox?df !% jifL{o bL3{sfnLg nIox? lgwf{/0f u/L tbg'?k
k~r jifL{o of]hgf (Rolling Plan) sf] ?k/]vf tof/ ug]{,
-5_ ljleGg dGqfnox?nfO{ cfkm\gf p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ cfjZos gLltx? tof/
ug{ d2t ug]{,
-h_ ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf (Appraise) ug]{,
cfof]hgfx?nfO{ :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ / ltgsf aLr ;dGjo
Nofpg],
-em_ dGqfnox?åf/f k|:t't ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmd / ah]6nfO{ /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]u, cy{ dGqfno / ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;+o'Qm ?kdf 5nkmn u/L
clGtd ?k lbg],
-`_ ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ /
-6_ ljsf;;DaGwL ljleGg ljifo / kIfx?df cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k|oTgx? dfly pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{x?df s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u u}/gLltut jf ;fdfGo k|zf;sLo k|lqmofsf sfo{df cndlng'
x'Fb}g . o:tf sfo{x?df clNem/xg' gk/]kl5 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf]
jf:tljs e"ldsf k"/f ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;do pknAw x'g] 5 . o;n] ubf{
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u a9L k|efjsf/L x'g] dfq xf]Og, of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmofdf
dGqfnox?sf] e"ldsf klg a9L km/flsnf] x'G5 / ltgsf] ;xeflutf ;d]t a9\g] 5 .
%=# /fli6«o ljsf; kl/ifb\

/fli6«o hLjgsf ljleGg kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ /fli6«o ljsf; kl/ifb\n] /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{df dfu{ k|bz{g ug'{kb{5 .
%=$ lg0f{o k|lqmof;Fusf] ;Da4tf

>L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ul/g] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf xfn /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] s'g} k|ToIf
;DaGw /x]sf] 5}g . ljutdf ljleGg k~r jifL{o of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf a[xt\
cfly{s gLltx? tyf cGo v08ut (Sectoral) gLltx? sfof{lGjt gePsf dfq
xf]Ogg\, ltgLx?;Fu gldNg] vfnsf lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ gLltx? ;d]t ;/sf/åf/f cjnDag
ul/Psf lyP . o:tf] l:ylt bf]xl/g glbg lgDglnlvt Joj:yfx? ckgfOg'kb{5 M
44
-s_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf lg0f{ox?df dGqLx?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg / a9L

cy{k"0f{ agfpg cfof]usf k"0f{ a}7sx?df ;a} dGqLx?nfO{ cfdlGqt ug]{ .
-v_ dlGqkl/ifb\sf lg0f{ox? /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uåf/f k|ltkflbt gLltx?;Fu
gaflempmg\ eGgsf nflu cfly{s tyf ljsf;;DaGwL gLltx? 5nkmn x'g]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf a}7sx?df /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] pkfWoIfnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ .
%=% /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno ;fgf] t/ sfo{d"ns (Functional) x'g'kb{5 .
o;df cfof]usf] sfo{df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]Uotf ePsf ljz]if1x? a9L
;ª\Vofdf /xg'kb{5 . xfn /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf #*) eGbf a9L
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t 5g\ . of] ;ª\Vof cfjZoseGbf a9L b]lvG5 . ;a}
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf nflu pko'Qm gx'g klg
;Sb5g\ . ctM o; ;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
-s_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf sd ;ª\Vofdf dfq :yfoL sd{rf/Lx?
(Core Staff) /fVg] .
-v_ pQm sd{rf/Lx?sf] kl/k"/ssf] ?kdf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] sfo{df pkof]uL x'g]
ljleGg ljifo ljz]if1x? cfjZostfg';f/ aflx/af6 -z}lIfs tyf cg';Gwfg
;+:yfx?, lghL If]q OToflbaf6_ s/f/ ;]jfdf cfof]un] plrt 7x¥ofPsf]
kfl/>lds lbP/ lgo'Qm ug{ kfpg]
-u_ o:tf ljz]if1x?sf] kfl/>ldssf] lglDt /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]unfO{ ;d'lrt
/sd pknAw u/fOg'kg]{ . -xfn cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf tnaafkt Joxf]l/Psf]
/sdaf6 g} k|:tfljt Joj:yfsf nflu vr{ k'Ug] b]lvG5_ .
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf If]qLo sfof{nox? cfjZos b]lvFb}gg\ .
%=^ of]hgf k|lqmofsf] l;nl;nfdf dGqfnox?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f

ljefuLo dGqLx?nfO{ gLlt lgwf{/0fsf] sfdsf ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] dGqfnodf
gLlt;DaGwL k/fdz{ lbg] Pp6f cËsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . o:tf] cËdf /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf ;DalGwt ;b:o, dGqfnosf ;lrj / ljleGg If]qaf6 dGqfnon]
cfjZostfcg';f/ 5fg]sf ljz]if1 ;Nnfxsf/x? /xg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . o;sf]
sfo{df cfjZos ;]jf / ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ps pRr clws[tsf] cGtu{tsf] gLlt /
of]hgf PsfOsf] :yfkgf ul/g' kb{5 / o; PsfOn] cg'udg;DaGwL sfo{ klg ug'{
kb{5 .
of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|lqmofdf ;DalGwt dGqfnox?sf] e"ldsf a9L k|efjsf/L u/fpg
lgDglnlvt ljifox?df dGqfnox?nfO{ a9L :jfoQtf lbOg'k5{ M
45
-s_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nufgLsf] ;Ldf tyf ;fdfGo
lgb]{zgleq /xL dGqfnosf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f
ug]{,
-v_ dGqfnocGtu{tsf gLlt, of]hgf / cfof]hgfx? tof/ ug{ ;do ;dodf
cfjZostfg';f/ ljleGg If]qsf ljz]if1x? s/f/ ;]jfdf plrt kfl/>lds
lbP/ lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] / o;sf nflu dGqfnox?nfO{ cfjZos /sd pknAw
u/fpg] /
-u_ dGqfnox?nfO{ b}lgs k|s[ltsf sfdx?df /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;xdlt
lng' gkg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
%=& sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox? (Field Offices) tyf cfof]hgf

Joj:yfkg (Project Management) sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f M
dGqfnox?n] cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg sfo{:ynsf sfof{no (Field
Offices) / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{tkm{ ;aeGbf a9L Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
o;sf nflu–
-s_ sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox? (Field Offices) tyf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgn] xfl;n
ug]{ p2]Zox? (Objectives) ls6fg ug]{,
-v_ sfof{no k|d'v tyf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] kbdf pQm p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ ;Ifd
clwsf/LnfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{,
-u_ sfof{no / cfof]hgf k|d'vx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu rflxg]
;|f]t / ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] /
-3_ clg, pgLx?nfO{ sfof{no jf cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu k"0f{tM
pQ/bfoL agfpg],
%=&=! sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox?nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg

sfo{:ynsf sfof{no k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vx?nfO{ a9L ;Ifd agfpg ltgnfO{
lgDgfg';f/sf] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg x'g'kb{5 M
-s_ sfo{:ynsf jf cfof]hgfnfO{ ljlgof]lht ah]6 /sd k|rlnt lgodx?sf] /Lt
k'¥ofO{ cfkm\gf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf vr{ ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/,
-v_ pQm ah]6leq xfn dGqfnonfO{ k|Tofof]lht /sdfGt/sf] clwsf/,
46
-u_ cfof]hgf / sfof{nox?df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?dfly k"0f{ lgoGq0f /

-3_ cfkm\gf sfof{no / cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ cfjZos sfo{ljlw /
k|lqmof :jo+ lgwf{/0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/,
cfof]hgf k|d'v tyf lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ dfly plNnlvt
clwsf/x?sf] k|of]u k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ ;dy{ t'Nofpg tflndsf] ljz]if
Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
%=* If]qLo sfof{nosf] sfo{ M

b]zJofkL ?kdf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf ljefux?sf] If]qLo (Regional)
sfof{nosf] sfd -;a}h;f] k|zf;sLo clwsf/x?dfly bkmf %=&=! cg';f/ lhNnf
sfof{nox?nfO{ k|Tofof]lht x'g] x'Fbf_ lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug]{ /
lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{nox?nfO{ k|fljlws jf cGo ;xof]u k'¥ofpgdf s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o :t/sf cfof]hgf ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udg ;f]em} dGqfno jf ljefu :t/af6 g}
ul/g' kb{5 . If]qLo sfof{nox?sf] cfsf/ oyf;Dej ;fgf] x'g' kb{5 .
%=( s]Gb|Lo ljefux?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f

s]Gb|Lo ljefux?sf d'Vo sfo{x? b]xfocg';f/ x'g'kb{5 M
-s_ ;DalGwt dGqfnoåf/f lgwf{l/t gLltx?cg'?k ljefuLo sfo{qmd /
cfof]hgfx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-v_ pQm sfo{qmdx?nfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{sf nflu rflxg] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf]
n]vfhf]vf u/L, cfof]hgf k|zf;g (Project Administration) tyf sfo{:ynsf
sfof{nox? (Field Offices) nfO{ pknAw u/fpg],
-u_ cfof]hgfx? tyf sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox?df cfjZos sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yf
ug]{ tyf ltgLx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ tflndsf] k|aGw ug]{,
-3_ ljefuLo cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdx? aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{ tyf
-ª_ ljefuLo cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ePsf] k|ultsf] ;ª\sng,
cg'udg, d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / dGqfnonfO{ gLltut ;'emfjx? lbg],
%=!) ljefuLo k|d'vx?nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg

ljefux?nfO{ pko'{Qm sfo{x? k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;DkGg ug{ ;dy{ t'Nofpg ljefuLo
k|d'vx?nfO{ lgDglnlvt clwsf/x? k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ ljefusf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 /sd ljefuLo sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?df
afF8kmfF8 ug]{ / lgodfg';f/ lgsf;f lbg] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/,
47
-v_ pQm ah]6leq /sdfGt/ ug{ xfn dGqfnox?nfO{ k|bQ clwsf/,

-u_ ljefucGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx? -ljefusf pkdxflgb]{zs / /fli6«o :t/sf
cfof]hgf k|d'vx?afx]s_ nfO{ ljefucGtu{t ;¿jf ug]{ clwsf/,
-3_ dGqfnoåf/f lgwf{l/t gLltcGtu{t /xL ljefuLo sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df /
;~rfng ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ /
-ª_ ljefucGtu{tsf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? sfof{lGjt ug{ rflxg] ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/ h:t} 7]Ssf :jLs[t ug]{, dfn;fdfg vl/b ug]{ OToflb .
%=!! dGqfnox?sf] sfo{ M

s]Gb|Lo ljefux?nfO{ pko'{Qm clwsf/x? k|Tofof]hg ePkl5 dGqfnox?n] b}lgs
k|zf;lgs sfo{df cndlng gk/L cfkm\gf] Wofg dGqfnosf] jf:tljs sfo{df s]lGb|t
ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . dGqfnosf sfo{x? o;k|sf/ x'g] 5g\ M
-s_ dGqfnosf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu rflxg] cfjZos gLltx? lgwf{/0f ug]{,
-v_ pQm gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L 9Ën], tyf ldtJolok"j{s
(Cost-effective) eO/x]sf] 5 5}g x]/L, gePsf] eP ;f] u/fpg cfjZos
Joj:yf ug]{ .
-u_ dGqfnocGtu{t ;d:t ultljlwx?sf] cg'udg, ;'k/Lj]If0f / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ .
dfly n]lvPsf Joj:yf k|efjsf/L ?kn] nfu" ug{ ;lsPdf dGqfnox?sf] cfsf/
;fgf] x'g] 5 / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ;a} txx?n] cfkm\gf] txcg';f/sf sfo{ /
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ / ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ultdf klg ltj|tf cfpg] 5 .
%=!@ ah]6 Joj:yfdf ;'wf/

xfnsf] ah]6 Joj:yfdf lgDglnlvt lj;ª\ultx? /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ;fwf/0f / ljsf; ah]6sf] xfnsf] juL{s/0fn] ljsf; / ;fwf/0f vr{sf]
jf:tljs l:ylt emlNsFb}g .
-v_ xfn k|of]u ePsf ah]6 zLif{sx?af6 ah]6sf] ;fy{s ljZn]if0f ug{ ;xof]u
k'Ub}g .
-u_ ah]6 lgsf;f (Budget Release) ;DaGwL xfnsf] Joj:yfn] j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf]
/sd lgsf;f ug]{ sfd l9nf] ePsf] 5 / sltko cfof]hgfdf ljb]zL
;xfotfsf] /sdsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd klg e'QmfgL (Disbursement) x'g ;s]sf]
5}g .
-3_ ah]6nfO{ sfF65fF6 ug]{ jt{dfg k|0ffnL cfwf//lxt / cj}1flgs 5 .
48
%=!# ah]6 k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/

t;y{ of]hgf / ljsf;sf] k|lqmofnfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg] b[li6sf]0fn] ljBdfg
ah]6 k|0ffnLdf lgDgadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 M
-s_ xfnsf] ;fwf/0f / ljsf; ah]6sf] juL{s/0fsf] ;§f æk'FhLut vr{ /
;fna;fnL vr{Æ sf] ?kdf gofF juL{s/0f ul/g'kg]{ .
-v_ ah]6 ljZn]if0fnfO{ oyf;Dej a9L cy{k"0f{ agfpg xfn ah]6 zLif{sx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kg]{ .
-u_ xfnsf] ah]6 k|:tfj ug]{, 5fglag ug]{, s6f}tL ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{ tl/sfnfO{
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ltgnfO{ a9L o'lQm;ª\ut agfpg], h;n] ubf{ ah]6df >L %
sf] ;/sf/åf/f lgwf{l/t k|fyldstfx? k|ltlalDat x'g ;s"g\ .
-3_ s'g} sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|:tfljt ah]6nfO{ ;dli6ut ?kdf x]l/g] / sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogdf afwf k'Ug] u/L ah]6df s6f}tL ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu ah]6df k|:tfljt tna /sdnfO{ oyfjt\ /fVg] t/ cGo
zLif{sx?df s6f}tL ul/g' xF'b}g .
-ª_ ;DkGg cfof]hgfx?sf] ;~rfng / dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ /sd
ah]6df ;dfj]z ug{ ;d'lrt dfkb08x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
-r_ ah]6 lgsf;sf] xfnsf] Joj:yfdf Jofks k'g/fjnf]sg u/L o;nfO{ a9L ;/n
/ l56f] agfpg] . -ah]6 Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf kl/R5]b !^ df klg pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5_ .
%=!$ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ;dGjo

ljsf; cfof]hgfx?sf aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{ sfo{ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] xF'bf
j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ;dGjo cy{ dGqfnon] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u;Fu lgs6td
;DaGwdf /xL ug'{kb{5 . o; sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cy{ dGqL, /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf pkfWoIf / ;DalGwt ;b:o, k//fi6« ;lrj, cy{ ;lrj / /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf ;lrj ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] Pp6f j}b]lzs ;xfotf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
:yfkgf x'g'kb{5 . o; ;ldltsf] a}7sdf s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn x'Fbf ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf dGqL / ;lrjnfO{ klg cfdlGqt ul/g] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf a9L ;dGjo Nofpg] p2]Zon] o; ;ldltn], j}b]lzs ;xfotfcGtu{t
;~rfng ul/g] kl/of]hgx?;DaGwL sf/afxL ;'¿ ug]{ / ltgnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg]af/]
gLlt / sfo{ljlw ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
49
s'g} klg j}b]lzs ;xfotf -k|fljlws ;xfotf of]hgfafx]s_ sf] k|:tfj ul/g'cl3
;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfon] cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf;DaGwL k|f/lDes cWoog ul/;s]sf]
x'g'kb{5 .
%=!% lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfox?df sfo{lgIf]k0f (Devolution)
:yfgLo ;d'bfo jf hgtfsf] a9L ;xeflutf cfjZos x'g] vfnsf ljsf;;DaGwL

sfo{x? :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g' pko'Qm x'g] 5 . pQm sfo{x?
;~rfng ug{ oL lgsfox?nfO{ pko'Qm cfly{s cg'bfg klg pknAw u/fOg'kb{5 .
pQm sfo{x? ;'rf¿ ?kn] ;~rfng ug{sf nflu :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ a9L :yfgLo
;fwg kl/rfng ug{ ljleGg s/x? p7fpg ;Sg] clwsf/ klg lbOg' kb{5
-pbfx/0ffy{, s[lif pTkfbgdf nufOg] s/_ . :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{
pko'Qm x'g] sfo{x?df w]/}h;f] ;]jf If]qsf sfdx? x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 . h:t} M
k|fylds / cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] Joj:yfkg, k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf, ;;fgf vfg]kfgL tyf
l;FrfO cfof]hgfx?, ;fd'bflos jg OToflb . pko'{Qm clwsf/x? :yfgLo
lgsfox?nfO{ ;'lDkPkl5 :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf a9fpg ;'lgof]lht k|oTgx?
ug'{kb{5 . :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf e"ldsf / tT;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{
ljifox? ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL kl/R5]b -kl/R5]b !*_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
%=!^ sfof{Gjog tflnsf

qm= sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
;+=
-s_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf sfo{x?sf] lgwf{/0f dlGqkl/ifb\ t'¿Gt
-bkmf %, @_ ;lrjfno
-v_ cfly{s tyf ljsf;;DaGwL gLltx? 5nkmn dlGqkl/ifb\ t'¿Gt
x'g] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf /fli6«o of]hgf ;lrjfno
cfof]usf pkfWoIfnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ .
–bkmf %, $ -v_
-u_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf lg0f{ox?df /fli6«o of]hgf t'¿Gt
dGqLx?sf] ;xeflutf a9L alnof] / cy{k"0f{ cfof]u
agfpg cfof]usf] k"0f{ a}7sdf ;a}
dGqLx?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ -bkmf %, $_
-3_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] /fli6«o of]hgf @)$(
;ª\u7gfTds k'gM;+/rgf (Organisational cfof]u, ;fdfGo cfiff9
Restructuring) ug]{ bkmf %=% -s_ k|zf;g dGqfno d;fGt
50
-ª_ gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg /fli6«o of]hgf oyfzL3|
k|To]s dGqfnodf gLlt lgwf{/0f k/fdz{ cfof]u, ;DalGwt
;ldlt Pj+ gLlt tyf of]hgf PsfOsf dGqfno,
Joj:yf ug]{ . -bkmf %=^_ cy{dGqfno
-r_ sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox?sf] (Field Offices) ;DalGwt dGqfno, @)$(
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ . -bkmf %=& / %=&=!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g ciff9
dGqfno, cy{ d;fGt
dGqfno
-5_ lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g @)$(
k|Tofof]lht clwsf/x?sf] k|of]u k|efjsf/L dGqfno, g]kfn ciff9
9Ëaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ ;dy{ t'Nofpg k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f d;fGt
tflndsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ . -bkmf %=&=!_ k|lti7fg
-h_ s]Gb|Lo ljefux?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ . -bkmf ;DalGwt dGqfno, @)$(
%=( / %=!)_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g cfiff9
dGqfno, cy{ d;fGt
dGqfno
-em_ ah]6 k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug]{ -bkmf %=!#_ /fli6«o of]hgf @)$(
cfof]u, cy{ cfiff9
dGqfno d;fGt
-`_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf ;dGjosf nflu cy{ dGqL, cy{ dGqfno oyfzL3|
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf, k//fi6« /fli6«o of]hgf
;lrj, cy{ ;lrj / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
cfof]usf ;lrj ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf]
j}b]lzs ;xfotf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g
ug]{ . -bkmf %=!$_
-6_ :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ sfo{lgIf]k0f /fli6«o of]hgf @)$(
(Devolution) ug]{ . -bkmf %=!%_ cfof]u :yfgLo cfiff9
:jzf;g tyf d;fGt
;fdflhs ljsf;
dGqfno
51
kl/R5]b ^
lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;'wf/
^=! ljifo k|j]z
lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, pTk|]l/t / hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ agfpg sd{rf/L k|zf;g;DaGwL
lgo'lQm, ;¿jf, kb:yfkgf / kbf]Gglt Joj:yfdf b]lvPsf jt{dfg sdhf]/Lx?nfO{
x6fP/ sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]an a9fO{ k|hftGq tyf ljsf;sf dfux? k"/f ug{ ;Ifd
agfpg cfjZos 5 . o; l;nl;nfdf g]t[Tj lng] ju{df st{Jolgi7 JolQmx?sf]
5gf]6 x'g], k];fljb\x?nfO{ cfkm\g} k];fut sfo{df ;+nUg eP/ klg pRr :t/;Dd
k'Ug ;Sg] l:ylt ;[hgf ug{] / k|fKt 1fg, l;k / cg'ejnfO{ v]/ ghfg] u/L
k];fljb\x?nfO{ pko'Qm ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L cfkm\g} ;d"xdf kb:yfkgf / ;¿jf x'g]
Joj:yfsf ;fy} ;xof]uL ju{ -Support Staff_ sf] l;k / Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 u/fpg]
u/L lghfdtL ;]jfdf Jofks ;'wf/ ug{' cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
^=@ jt{dfg :j?k

-s_ xfn lghfdtL ;]jfdf d'Vo ;lrjb]lv lkog÷kl/r/;Dd hDdf !@ tx /x]sf
5g\ . ;dli6 ?kdf lognfO{ /fhkqfª\lst / /fhkq cgª\lst u/L b'O{
efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . /fhkqfª\lst efudf ;ft / /fhkq cgª\lst
efudf lkog :t/afx]s rf/ tx /x]sf 5g\ .
-v_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf kbx?n] ug{'kg{] ljleGg k|sf/sf] sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg{]
z}lIfs of]Uotf, cg'ej / l;ksf cfwf/df oL kbx?nfO{ hDdf !! ;]jf, &#
;d"x / #! pk;d"xdf juL{s[t ul/Psf] 5 . -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL @ df
lbPsf] 5_ . pk;d"xsf] Joj:yf k|fljlws ;]jfx?df dfq /x]sf] 5 . k|zf;g
/ k|fljlws ljleGg ;]jfsf >]0fLdf /x]sf kbx?sf] s'n ;ª\Vof !,)@, &$$
/x]sf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f / :yfoL b/aGbLsf] P]tLxfl;s tYofª\s cg';"rL #
df lbOPsf] 5_ .
-u_ @)## ;fndf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|fljlws ;]jfx?nfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u¥of] .
o; Joj:yfsf] nIo sd{rf/Lx?df ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf; ug{' / pko'Qm 7fpFdf
pko'Qm JolQmsf] kb:yfkg ug{' lyof] . ;]jfleq ;d"x ljefhgsf] Joj:yfnfO{
;DalGwt ;]jfsf æ;d"x tyf >]0fL ljefhg, lgo'lQm / kbf]Gglt lgodx?Æ n]
lgb{]lzt u/]sf 5g\ / oL lgodx?n] d'Votof lgDg Joj:yfx? u/]sf 5g\ M
!= x/]s ;]jfdf /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo, låtLo, k|yd / ljlzi6 >]0fL u/L
rf/ >]0fLx? /x]sf 5g\ .
52
@= sd{rf/Lx? ;fdfGotM ;]jfsf] Ps ;d"xaf6 csf{] ;d"xdf kl/jt{g ug{

kfpFb}gg\ .
#= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkqfª\lst kbdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm
;]jf÷;d"x÷pk;d"xJofkL ?kdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lgo'lQmsf] nflu nf]s
;]jf cfof]uaf6 pDd]bjf/sf] l;kmfl/; x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
$= sd{rf/Lx?sf] kb:yfkg tyf ;¿jf ;DalGwt ;]jf÷;d"x÷pk;d"x
;~rfng ug{] dGqfnon] ub{5 . /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf
dflyNnf] txsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kb:yfkg / ;¿jf dlGqkl/ifb\af6 x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
%= g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfdf /fhkqfª\lst :t/df ;]jf k|j]z tflnd lbg]
ul/Psf] 5 . k|zf;g tyf k|fljlws ;]jfdf ;]jfsfnLg tflndsf] klg
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
^= /fhkqfª\lst kbx?df sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Gglt ;]jf÷;d"x÷pk;d"xJofkL
cfwf/df dfq ug{] Joj:yf 5 . /fhkq cgª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbaf6
/fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf kbf]Gglt x'g kfFr jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw
k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . o:t} /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf kbaf6
dflyNnf] kbdf -;xfos ;lrjaf6 pk;lrj_ / /fhkqfª\lst k|yd
>]0fLsf] tNnf] txaf6 dflyNnf] txdf -;x;lrjaf6 cltl/Qm ;lrj_
kbf]Gglt x'g rf/ jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw / /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]
;/xsf] kbaf6 ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf kbf]Gglt x'g ;ft jif{sf] ;]jf
cjlw k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .
&= /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLb]lv k|yd >]0fLsf] ;x;lrj :t/;Dd k|To]s
txdf s'n l/Qm kbsf] @% k|ltzt kbx?df Ps txd'lgsf sd{rf/Lx?
dWo]af6 nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f lnOg] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f
kbf]Gglt ul/G5 .
-3_ ljleGg ;]jfx?df /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fL;Dd dfq gofF egf{ u/L c? ;a}
dflyNnf] txsf kbx? kbf]Ggltaf6 dfq k"lt{ x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
^=# ;d:ofx? M
^=#=! k|zf;g ;]jfsf ;d:ofx?
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jfdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? ljljw k|sf/sf sfo{ ub{5g\ . t/
k|zf;g ;]jfdf kbx?sf] ;d"xLs/0f gu0o dfqfdf ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd
k|zf;g ;]jfdf n]vf ;d"x / x'nfs ;d"xsf] dfq u7g ePsf] 5 .
53
k//fi6« dGqfno / cGtu{t lgof]usf sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu lgo'lQm

kb:yfkg / kbf]Ggltsf] Joj:yf ;d"x h:t} u/L 5'§} ?kdf ug{]
k|rng 5 .
-v_ sfo{ juL{s/0fsf] cefjdf ljleGg k|sf/sf] sfd ug{] kbx?sf nflu
pko'Qm z}lIfs of]Uotf, cg'ej / l;ksf] lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5}g . o;n]
ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm, kb:yfkg, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg, ;¿jf
/ tflnd h:tf sfdx? pko'Qm 9Ëaf6 x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
-u_ kbf]Gglt kfPkl5 sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qaf6 cnlUug'kg]{ cj:yfn]
ubf{ ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf;df kbf]Gglt :jo+df Ps cj/f]w x'g ;Sg]
l:ylt klg 5 .
-3_ tflnd k|fKt sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;¿jf jf kb:yfkgf tflnd lnPsf] ljifo;Fu
c;DalGwt If]qx?df klg x'g] u/]sf]n] tflndsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
^=#=@ k|fljlws ;]jfsf ;d:ofx?
-s_ k|fljlws ;]jfx?df w]/} ;d"x÷pk;d"xx? /x]sfn] ;]jf ;~rfngdf
hl6ntf cfPsf] 5 .
-v_ ljleGg ;d"x÷pk;d"xx?df j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/ ;dfg 5}g .
;fdfGotM t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L sfo{af]em ePsf ;d"x÷pk;d"xdf w]/}
kbx? /x]sfn] o:tf ;d"xdf j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/ /fd|f] 5 eg]
sfo{af]em sd ePsf ;d"x÷pk;d"xdf yf]/} kbx? 5g\ / j[lQ ljsf;sf]
cj;/ klg ;Lldt g} 5 .
-u_ k|fljlws ;]jfleq ljlzi6 >]0fL;Ddsf] kb sfod x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf
lgoddf eP tfklg Jojxf/df ePsf] 5}g . xfn;Dd k|fljlws ;]jfx?df
/fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf $$) kbsf] cg'kftdf OlGhlgol/ª ;]jfdf
ljlzi6 >]0fLdf Ps kb dfq sfod /x]sf] 5 .
-3_ s'g} ;d"x ljz]ifdf kbsf] l/Qmtfn] ubf{ ;f] ;d"xleqsf slgi7
sd{rf/Lsf] kbf]Gglt x'g] / cGo s'g} ;d"xdf kb gePsf] sf/0fn]
Ho]i7td sd{rf/Lsf] kbf]Gglt gx'g] ;d:of /x]sf] 5 .
-ª_ ;'¿df cfjZos b]lvPsf sxL ;d"xx? xfn cgfjZos b]lvPsf 5g\ .
54
^=#=# cGo ;d:ofx?

-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] 5gf]6 / kb:yfkg;DaGwL Joj:yf
pko'Qm gePsf]n] ;d]t ubf{ pRr :t/df ;Ifd g]t[Tj ck]lIft dfqfdf
ljsl;t x'g g;Sg] l:ylt 5 .
-v_ k|zf;g ;]jfafx]s cGo ;]jfx?af6 pRr :t/sf Joj:yfksLo kbx?df
hfg ;Sg] Joj:yf klg 5}g .
-u_ /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fL;Ddsf kbx?df dfq gofF egf{ ul/g] k4ltn]
ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] pRr :t/ txx?df u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6
k|ltefzfnL JolQmx?sf] k|j]z x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;af6 Psflt/
pRrkb:y sd{rf/Lx?df k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgf g/xg] / csf{]lt/ ;dli6
?kdf, lghfdtL ;]jf ljleGg If]qdf ePsf] gjLgtd k|ljlw ljsf;;Fu
kl/lrt jf cEo:t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
-3_ ;xof]uL :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;Dkfbg ug{'kg{] sfdx?sf] t'ngfdf
pgLx?df kof{Kt l;ksf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
-ª_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb;f]kfgdf /x]sf txx? j[lQ ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0faf6
yf]/} / lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] lx;faaf6 w]/} b]lvPsf 5g\ .
-r_ …/fhkqfª\lstÆ / ……/fhkq cgª\lstÆ u/L b'O{ ;d"xdf ul/Psf] lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljefhgn] oL b'O{ ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx?aLrsf] b"/LnfO{
dgf]j}1flgs ?kdf a9L km/flsnf] agfPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
sd{rf/Lx?df ;xefjgf -Team Spirit_ sf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 .
-5_ ;a} ;]jfx?sf nflu Ps} k|sf/sf lgodx? /x]sfn] ljleGg ;]jfsf
vf; cfjZostfx?nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
-h_ kb:yfkgf / ;¿jfsf] lglZrt cfwf/sf] cefjdf sd{rf/Lx?df /x]sf]
cg'ej / l;ksf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} sd{rf/LnfO{
s]Gb|Lo Pjd\ sfo{:yn b'j} :t/sf sfof{nodf ;+nUg u/fO{ cg'ej
lbnfpg] u/L :yfgfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf pko'Qm ?kdf eO/x]sf] 5}g .
-em_ kbf]Ggltsf] Joj:yf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t geO{ ljleGg
tÎjx? -h:t}M s[lt, tSdf cflb_ ;Fu cfa4 ul/Psf]n] sd{rf/Lx?
sfo{k|lt nugzLn x'g'sf] ;§f s;/L w]/} cª\s cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] s'/fkl§ a9L ;r]i6 b]lvG5g\ .
-`_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d lgoldt ?kdf gel/g] /
d"Nofª\sg ;d]t j:t'ut gx'g] x'Fbf k'/:sf/ / b08sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . k|To]s sd{Rff/Ln] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgdf
55
k|foM k"0ff{ª\s !!@ cª\s g} kfpg] u/]sf] x'Fbf sfd ug]{ / gug]{sf
aLr leGgtf sfod ug{ klg ;lsPsf] 5}g .
-6_ xfn /x]sf ljleGg ;]jfx?dWo] k|zf;g ;]jfn] cu|ufdL dxÎj kfOcfPsf]
5 . lghfdtL ;]jfdf kl/jt{g jf ;'wf/ ubf{ oxL ;]jfsf] cfjZostfdf
g} w]/} s]lGb|t x'g] k|rng b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?sf]
j[lQ ljsf;;DaGwL ljifon] ;d'lrt Wofg kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
^=$ ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf / p2]Zo

dfly plNnlvt ;d:ox?n] ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jf jfl~5t dfqfdf ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lghfdtL ;]jfsf] bfloTj / r'gf}tLx? eg] a9\b} uO/x]sf 5g\ .
o; kl/k|]Iodf lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgDglnlvt p2]Zon] ;'wf/ ug{' jf~5gLo 5M
-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] pRr Joj:yfkg / gLlt lgdf{0f :t/df cfkm\gf] of]Uotf /
st{Jolgi7 k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf tyf cfkm\gf] cfr/0f / pbfx/0fåf/f ;Dk"0f{
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] pRrtd cfbz{cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ k|]/0ff lbg ;Sg] JolQmx?
dfq k'Ug ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{' .
-v_ k|zf;g ;]jf tyf cGo ljleGg ;]jfx?df sfd ug{] sd{rf/Lx?n] ;d]t sfo{
Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df dfq pRrtd txdf k'Ug ;Sg] Joj:yf u/L ;d:t sd{rf/L
ju{sf] dgf]an a9fpg' / pgLx?nfO{ sfddf a9L pTk|]l/t ug{' .
-u_ >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ul/g] ljleGg sfo{x?sf] ljljwtf / hl6ntf a9\b}
uPsf]n] k];fljb\ :t/df ljz]if1tfsf] a9L ljsf; x'g] Joj:yf ug{' t/ pRr
Joj:yfkg :t/df eg] cfkm\gf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df k|fljlws ;]jf
nufotsf ;a}n] hfg ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{' .
-3_ u}/;/sf/L h'g;'s} If]qaf6 klg k|ltef, ;[hgzLntf / sfo{k|lt k|lta4 ePsf
JolQmx?nfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf pRrt/ txdf ;d]t cfs[i6 u/L pgLx?sf]
k|ltefsf] pkef]u ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ug{' .
^=% ;'wf/x?
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf p2]Zox? xfl;n ug{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g ug{
bL3{sfnLg / tTsfnLg Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 M
^=%=! bL3{sfnLg Joj:yf
-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf xfn /x]sf] /fhkqfª\lst / /fhkq cgª\lst ;]jfsf]
lje]b tyf ljleGg >]0fLx?sf] juL{s/0f ;dfKt u/L Ps PsLs[t
-Unified_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] :yfkgf ug{'kb{5 .
56
-v_ k|:tfljt PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf k|0ffnLcGtu{t lghfdtL ;]jfåf/f ul/g]

ljleGg :t/ / k|sf/sf sfdx? x]/L lglZrt ;ª\Vofdf, 5'§} tna
:s]n ePsf txx?sf] z[ª\vnf sfod ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] z[ª\vnfdf /xg]
txx?sf] ;ª\Vof ;Dk"0f{ kbx?n] ug]{ sfdsf] ljZn]if0f / d"Nofª\sgsf]
cfwf/df ul/g'kg]{ x'G5 . cfof]usf] ;/;/tL cWoogcg';f/ txx?sf]
;ª\Vof Psaf6 ;'¿ u/L !% b]lv !* ;Dd x'g' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
-u_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf kbx?n] ug{'kg{] sfdsf] k|s[lt, lhDd]jf/Lsf] :t/ tyf
kbsf] nflu rflxg] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df ljleGg kbx?nfO{ ljleGg txdf
juL{s[t ug{'kb{5 .
-3_ xfn ljleGg >]0fLsf ljleGg kbdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|:tfljt tx
z[ª\vnfsf] pko'Qm tx / ;d"xdf ldnfg ug{'kb{5 .
-ª_ k|:tfljt tx / ;d"xsf cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{] lsl;dn] lgo'lQm,
kb:yfkg, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg / kbf]Gglt h:tf sd{rf/L
k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{x? Jojl:yt ug{'kb{5 .
-r_ ljleGg txdf /xg] kbx?sf] gfd bhf{sf] ;§f sfdnfO{ hgfpg] u/L
klg /fVg ;lsG5 -h:t} sd{rf/L k|zf;g clws[t, jl/i7 sd{rf/L
k|zf;g clws[t, k|d'v k|zf;g clws[t, cy{zf:qL, jl/i7 cy{zf:qL
OToflb_ .
-5_ ;dfg k|s[ltsf sfd / ;dfg ljifosf] of]Uotf cfjZos x'g] kbx?sf]
ljz]if1tfsf] cfwf/df ;d"xx? u7g ul/g'kb{5 . vf; u/L k|fljlws
;d"xsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg / lhDd]jf/Lsf] :t/cg';f/ tx
j[l4sf] Joj:yf ug{' klg ;lsg'kb{5 .
-h_ pRr Joj:yfkg :t/sf kbx?nfO{ ;d"xa4 gu/L bhf{d"ns g}
/flvg'kb{5 .
pko'{Qm Joj:yf ePdf pko'Qm :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pko'Qm :t/sf] kbdf lgo'Qm
ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 / sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\u7gfTds ;'wf/ u/L ltgLx?nfO{ a9L 5l/tf]
/ sfo{d"ns -Functional_ agfpg] sfo{df klg ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] 5 .
^=%=!=! PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf nfu" ug{] ;dofjlw
PsLs[t lghfdtL Joj:yf nfu" ug{ sltko k|zf;lgs k"jf{wf/x? -h:t} M
k|To]s kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug{], kbx?sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{], tyf tbg'?k
kbsf] tx lgwf{/0f ug{] OToflb_ ;[hgf ug{ nfUg] ;donfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
cufdL tLg jif{leq k|:tfljt PsLs[t Joj:yf nfu" ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/G5 .
57
^=%=!=@ sfo{bnsf] u7g

PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf nfu" ug{sf nflu Ps r/0fa4 of]hgf / sfo{qmd
tof/ u/L ;f]cg'?k k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{] sfd ug{ u/fpg Ps ljz]if1x?
sfo{bnsf] u7g ug{'kb{5 . o; sfo{bnn] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd th'{df ug{'cl3
PsLs[t sfo{ k|0ffnL ckgfPsf s]xL b]zsf] cWoog e|d0f ug{' pkof]uL x'g]
5 .
^=%=@ tTsfn ug{'kg{] ;'wf/x?
dfly bkmf ^=%=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] Joj:yftkm{ pGd'v x'g] u/L xfnnfO{
lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;d"x u7g, egf{ / kbf]Gglt;DaGwL tn n]lvPadf]lhdsf]
Joj:yf ug{' pko'Qm x'g] 5 M
^=%=@= ! k|zf;g ;]jfdf yk ;d"xx?sf] Joj:yf
ljleGg dGqfnoåf/f ;Dkfbg ug{'kg{] sfo{x?sf nflu cfjZos kg{] ljz]if
1fg / cg'ej k|fKt ljz]if1x?nfO{ PsLs[t u/L pgLx?sf] ljz]if1tf /
cg'ejsf] ;b'kof]u ug{] / cem} ljsl;t ug{ ;d]t p2]Zon] xfn eO/x]sf
;d"xx?sf] cltl/Qm k|zf;g ;]jfdf b]xfPsf yk ;d"xx?sf] u7g ul/g'
pko'Qm x'G5 .
^=%=@=@ cfly{s ;d"x
o; ;d"xdf ljleGg dGqfno, ljefu / sfof{nodf cy{zf:q -of]hgf ;d]t_
;DaGwL 1fg rflxg] kbx? /flvg'kb{5 . o:tf kbx? vf; u/L /fli6«o
of]hgf cfof]u, cy{ dGqfno, pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno, s[lif dGqfno,
hn;|f]t dGqfno cflbdf /xG5g\ / of]hgf clws[tx?rflxF k|foM ;a}
dGqfnox?df /xG5g\ .
^=%=@=# s'6g}lts ;d"x
o; ;d"xdf g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{, k//fi6« dfldnf
;DaGwdf ljb]zL ldq /fi6« tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?;Fu Jojxf/
-Deal_ ug'{kg]{ k//fi6« dGqfno / g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ljb]zl:yt zfxL
g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; / cGo lgof]udf sfo{/t kbflwsf/Lx?sf kbx? ;dfj]z
x'G5g\ .
58
^=%=@=$ /fh:j ;d"x

o; ;d"xdf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf s/, eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns
/ dfnkf]t /lh:6«];g b:t'/ h:tf /fh:j ;ª\sng / k|zf;g ug]{ tyf >L
% sf] ;/sf/n] o; If]qdf lgwf{l/t u/]sf gLltx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L
ePsf dGqfnocGtu{tsf kbx? ;dfj]z /xG5g\ .
^=%=# lghfdtL ;]jfdf :t/ ljefhg
xfn lghfdtL ;]jfdf ljBdfg ljleGg kbx?n] ;Dkfbg ul/cfPsf
sfdx?nfO{ bL3{sfnLg Joj:yfdf ;d]t pkof]uL x'g] u/L b]xfosf] tLg :t/df
ljefhg ul/g'kb{5 .
-s_ pRr Joj:yfkg÷jl/i7 k];fljb\ :t/ (Top Management/Senior
Professional Level),
-v_ k];fljb\ :t/ (Professional Level)
-u_ ;xof]uL :t/ (Support Level)
^=%=#=! pRr Joj:yfkg :t/ (Top Management Level)
l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df dGqLx?nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{
tyf cfk"m sfo{/t ;ª\u7gsf] sfo{ / ultljlwnfO{ ;ª\u7gsf] p2]Zo
k|flKttkm{ pGd'v u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx? pRr Joj:yfkgsf] :t/df
/flvg'kb{5 .
^=%=#=@ jl/i7 k];fljb\ :t/ (Senior Professional Level)
d'Votof gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws ;Nnfx lbg], cfk"m dftxtsf

k];fljb\x?nfO{ lgb]{zg / g]t[Tj lbO{ cfjZostfg';f/ cfkm\gf] ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt If]qdf k|ToIf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? jl/i7
k];ljb\ :t/df /flvg'kb{5 .
^=%=#=# k];fljb\ :t/ (Professional Level)
cfkm\gf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{If]qdf :jLs[t gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog Pjd\ pRr

Joj:yfkg / jl/i7 k];ljb\x?nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ug]{,
;DalGwt ljifosf] sfo{qmd th'{df, sfof{Gjog, ;'kl/j]If0f / cg'udgsf] sfo{
ug]{ / cfjZostfcg'?k sfo{:yndf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?
k];fljb\ :t/df /flvg'kb{5 .
59
^=%=#=$ ;xof]uL :t/ (Support Level)
pRr Joj:yfkg÷jl/i7 k];fljb\x? / k];fljb\ :t/df sfo{/t clwsf/Lx?sf]

sfo{df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] sd{rf/Lx? ;xof]uL :t/df /flvg'kb{5 .
^=%=$ /fhkqfª\lst ;]jfx?df >]0fL / txut Joj:yf
/fhkqfª\lst :t/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] k|To]s >]0fLdf b'O{ tx M klxnf] /
bf];|f] /xg'kb{5 .
^=%=$=! pRr Joj:yfkg :t/df ;dfj]z x'g] kbx? / o;df lgo'lQmsf]
Joj:yf
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jfsf] k|yd / ljlzi6 >]0fLnfO{ pRr Joj:yfkgsf] :t/
dflgg'kb{5 . o;df k"0f{ ?k]0f k|fljlws sfo{ ug'{kg]{ kbx?afx]s >L %
sf] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf cGo pRr :t/sf kbx? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
pbfx/0ffy{, d'Vo ;lrj, ;lrj, cltl/Qm ;lrj, ;x;lrj /
dxflgb]{zssf] kbx? o; :t/df ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ ;a} ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pRr Joj:yfkgsf] dflyNnf] tx;Dd k'Ug]
cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] k|fljlws nufot h'g;'s} ;]jfsf] låtLo
>]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf sDtLdf # jif{ ;]jf ul/;s]sf sd{rf/L pRr
Joj:yfkg :t/df 5gf]6sf nflu u|fXo dflgg'kb{5 . ;fy}
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljz]if Ifdtf ePsf, st{Jolgi7 tyf lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{
Odfgbf/Lk"j{s sfd ug{ k|]/0ff lbg ;Sg] sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 of] :t/
u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ 5gf]6 ;ldlt÷kbf]Gglt ;ldlt M pRr Joj:yfkg :t/df 5gf]6sf nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{ tn n]lvPsfcg';f/sf] 5gf]6 ;ldlt÷kbf]Gglt ;ldlt
/xg'kb{5 .
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf
cWoIf
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIfåf/f tf]s]sf] cfof]usf Ps ;b:o
;b:o
d'Vo ;lrj
;b:o
nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f dgf]lgt M
– Joj:yfkg If]qaf6 Ps /
60
– k|fljlws ljz]if1 Ps
b'O{ ;b:o
5gf]6 ;ldltn] 5gf]6sf nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?sf]
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL cg'ej, lghx?n] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf b]vfPsf Ifdtfsf]
d"Nofª\sg, l;k k/LIf0f tyf cGtjf{tf{ ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ug'{kb{5 .
-3_ pRr Joj:yfkg :t/sf k|f/lDes txsf -cyf{t\ k|zf;g ;]jf k|yd
>]0fLsf] klxnf] txsf_ l/Qm :yfgx?dWo] a9Ldf @) k|ltzt :yfgx?df
lgwf{l/t z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf tyf ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf
sDtLdf !) jif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf / Joj:yfkg If]qdf ljz]if
bvn ePsf k|ltefzfnL JolQmx?af6 v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfwf/df nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;cg';f/ lgo'lQm ul/g'kb{5 . z}lIfs of]Uotf,
5gf]6sf] ljlw / k|lqmof nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/
x'g'kb{5 .
-ª_ /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf nuftf/ $ jif{ ;Gtf]ifhgs
-sDtLdf æuÆ d"Nofª\sg k|fKt ug]{nfO{_ ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|yd
>]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf tx j[l4 ul/g'kb{5 . t/ w]/} /fd|f] sfd ug]{
sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ jif{df g} klg tx j[l4 k|fKt ug{;Sg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
pbfx/0ffy{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] ;fd"lxs d"Nofª\sgdf
b'O{ jif{ nuftf/ æsÆ k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{ jif{d} tyf # jif{sf
sDtLdf Ps æsÆ tyf b'O{ ævÆ kfpg]nfO{ tLg jif{df tx j[l4
ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf] tx j[l4 d'Vo ;lrjåf/f :jLs[t ul/g'kb{5 .
-r_ xfn /x]sf cltl/Qm ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf sd{rf/Lx? cfkm\gf] kbdf
oyfjt\\ sfod /flvg'kb{5 . l/Qm x'g] cltl/Qm ;lrjsf] kb :jtM
vf/]h ul/g'kb{5 . ca pk|fGt cltl/Qm ;lrjsf] kb ;[hgf ul/g'
x'Fb}g .
-5_ k|yd >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf sDtLdf @ jif{ sfd u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf bkmf ^=%=$=! -u_ df n]lvPcg';f/sf] ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df kbf]Gglt ul/g'kb{5 . kbf]Gglt ;ldltn] o:tf] l;kmfl/;
ubf{ l/Qm kbsf] ;ª\VofeGbf b'O{hgf a9L ;DefJo pDd]bjfx?sf] gfd
l;kmfl/; ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
-h_ xfn k|yd >]0fLdf axfn /xL & jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] klxnf] txsf] kbdf kbf]Ggltsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/
x'g kfpg] Joj:yf sfod} ul/g'kb{5 .
-em_ d'Vo ;lrjsf] kbdf >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ljlzi6 >]0fLsf
sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ul/g'kb{5 .
61
^=%=$=@ jl/i7 k];fljb\ :t/df kbf]Gglt Joj:yf

k|fljlws ;]jfx?sf] k];fljb\ :t/df /x]sf /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf]
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm\g} k];fsf] dflyNnf] tx;Dd j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/
k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 . o;cg'?k /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL / ljlzi6 >]0fLdf
pRr Joj:yf :t/df h:t} k|To]sdf @.@ tx /xg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
-s_ /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] klxnf] txsf *) k|ltzt kbx?df
/fhkqfª\lst bf];|f] >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf sDtLdf # jif{ ;]jf ul/;s]sf
k];fljb\x?dWo]af6 sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ^=%=$=! -u_ df pNn]v ePsf]
kbf]Gglt ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df kbf]Gglt ul/g'kb{5 . afFsL @) k|ltzt
kbx? lgwf{l/t of]Uotf ePsf tyf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf
sDtLdf !) jif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf / ;DalGwt ljifodf ljz]if
bvn ePsf k|ltefzfnL JolQmx?af6 v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfwf/df nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;cg';f/ lgo'Qm ul/g'kb{5 . z}lIfs of]Uotf,
5gf]6 ljlw / k|lqmof nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .
-v_ /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] & kbsf] cg'kftdf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] ! kb
/xg] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf kbf]Gglt ul/Fbf pRr Joj:yfkg :t/sf
nflu lgwf{l/t Joj:yfcg'?k g} x'g'kb{5 .
-3_ /fhkqfª\lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf cfkm\gf] k];fdf c;fwf/0f
of]ubfg ug]{nfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] tx j[l4 ug{ cToGt sd
;ª\Vofdf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf ;d]t kb ;[hgf ug{'kb{5 .
-ª_ dfly bfkmf ^=%=$=! -ª_ / -5_ df n]lvPsf] Joj:yf k|fljlws ;]jfsf]
/fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fLdf tx j[l4 / ljlzi6 >]0fLdf kbf]Ggltsf]
nflu klg nfu" x'g'kb{5 .
^=%=$=# k];ljb\ :t/df lgo'lQm / kbf]Ggltsf] Joj:yf
/fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf kbx? k];fljb\ :t/sf] kb dflgg'kb{5 / k|To]s
>]0fLdf b'O{ txx? -klxnf] tyf bf];|f] tx_ /xg'kb{5 .
-s_ t[tLo >]0fLsf] klxnf] txsf] &% k|ltzt kbx?df clxn] h:t} nf]s
;]jf cfof]uaf6 cfof]hgf ul/g] v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm
ul/g'kb{5 . tf]lsPsf kbx?df afx]s -h:t} lrlsT;s_ afFsL @%
k|ltzt kbx?df /fhkq cgª\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf $ jif{ sfd
u/L ;s]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f ul/g]
62
k|ltof]lutfTds l;k k/LIf0f sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf cGtjf{tf{sf cfwf/df

kbf]Gglt ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ t[tLo >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf nuftf/ $ jif{ ;Gtf]ifhgs -sDtLdf æuÆ
d"Nofª\sgk|fKt ug]{nfO{_ ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ t[tLo >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf
tx j[l4 ul/g'kb{5 . t/ w]/} /fd|f] sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ jif{df g}
klg tx j[l4 k|fKt ug{;Sg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0ffy{, sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] ;fd"lxs d"Nofª\sgdf b'O{ jif{ nuftf/
æsÆ k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{ jif{d} tyf # jif{df sDtLdf Ps æsÆ
tyf b'O{ ævÆ kfpg]nfO{ tLg jif{df tx j[l4 ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf] tx
j[l4 ;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrjåf/f :jLs[t ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ t[tLo >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txaf6 låtLo >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf kbf]Gglt ubf{
s'n l/Qm kbx?dWo] *) k|ltzt kbdf t[tLo >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf #
jif{ sfd ul/;s]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 lgDgadf]lhdsf] kbf]Gglt
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf] kbf]Gglt ;]jf jf
;d"x÷pk;d"xJofkL cfwf/df ul/g'k5{ . afFsL @) k|ltzt kbx? nf]s
;]jf cfof]uåf/f v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfaf6 k"lt{ ul/g'k5{ . o:tf]
k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu k|zf;gtkm{ Go"gtd of]Uotf :gfts eO{ ;/sf/L jf
u}/;/sf/L If]qdf sDtLdf % jif{sf] cg'ej jf lk=Pr=l8= l8u|L x'g'kb{5 .
k|fljlwstkm{ tf]lsPsf] cfwf/e"t z}lIfs of]UotfeGbf Ps tx dflyNnf]
z}lIfs pkflw -l8u|L_ ;lxt @ jif{sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
kbf]Gglt ;ldlt
-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] cfof]usf] Pshgf ;b:o
cWoIf
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] cfof]usf] Pshgf ;b:o
;b:o
-u_ d'Vo ;lrj
;b:o
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uåf/f dgf]lgt ;DalGwt ljifosf] Pshgf ljz]if1
;b:o
-ª_ ;]jf÷;d"x;DaGwL dGqfnosf ;lrj
;b:o
63
-3_ låtLo >]0fLsf] klxnf] txaf6 bf];|f] txdf tx j[l4 ubf{dfly bkmf
^=%=$=# -v_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] tl/sfcg';f/ x'g'kb{5 . -cg';"rL #
r_
^=%=$=$ ;xof]uL :t/
-s_ ;xof]uL :t/df klg dfly k|s/0f ^=$ -v_ df pNn]v ePsf] sfo{
Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t kbf]Gglt Joj:yf g} ckgfOg'kb{5 . ;xof]uL :t/df
l/Qm kbdWo] %) k|ltzt kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutåf/f / %) k|ltzt kb
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df kbf]Ggltåf/f k"lt{ ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ kl/jlt{t l:yltdf /fhkq cgª\lst rt'y{ >]0fLsf] alxbf/ jf ;f]
;/xsf] kbsf] pkfb]otf ca g/x]sf]n] of] >]0fLsf] kbnfO{ vf/]h ug{
pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
t;y{
cab]lv of] >]0fLsf] kb ;[hgf gug]{,
o; kbdf xfn axfn /x]sf sd{rf/L /x'Gh]n dfq of] kbnfO{ sfod /fVg],
l/Qm x'g cfpg] o:tf kbx? vf/]h ug]{ .
;fy} d'lvof kb klg qmdzM vf/]h ub}{ hfg]tkm{ sf/afxL ug'{ jf~5gLo x'g]
5 . k|fljlws ;]jfdf klg d'lvof kb vf/]h ug]{ b[li6sf]0faf6 logsf]
cf}lrTo ljrf/ ul/g'kb{5 .
^=%=% ljljw
^=%=%=! kbfjlw
pRr Joj:yfkg :t/÷jl/i7 k];fljb\ :t/df /xg] kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw
lgDgadf]lhd sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
ljlzi6 >]0fL M d'Vo ;lrj jf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] bf];|f] tx # jif{ ± ! jif{ >L
% sf] ;/sf/n] yKg ;Sg] .
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf cGo kbflwsf/Lx? M % jif{ ± ! jif{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n]
yKg ;Sg] .
dxflgb]{zs M ljefuLo :t/df cfjlws ?kdf gofF g]t[Tj k|fKt x'g ;Sg]
Joj:yf ug{sf nflu ljefu :t/df /xg] dxflgb]{zssf] kbfjlw kFfr jif{sf]
sfod x'g] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . kbfjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lghsf] ldNbf] kbdf
;¿jf ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
64
^=%=%=@ kb ;[hgf
lghfdtL ;]jfx?sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLdf afx]s kb ;[hgf >]0fLut ?kdf ug'{
kb{5 .
^=%=%=# tnadfg
/fhkqfª\lst t[tLob]lv /fhkqfª\lst ljlzi6 >]0fL;Dd /xg] ljleGg txsf]
nflu cnu cnu tna :s]nsf] lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . :s]nleqsf] jflif{s
j[l4nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg;Fu cfa4 ug'{ jf~5gLo x'g]5 .
^=%=%=$ tnadfgsf] xb lgwf{/0f
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;a} >]0fLdf ;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] clGtd
tnadfg k|fKt ul/;Sbf klg kbf]Gglt kfpg g;s]df cfkm\g} kbdf /xL Ps
>]0fLdflysf] tnadfgsf] pkNnf] xb;Ddsf] tna kfpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
^=%=%=% nfu" x'g] ldlt
o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt Joj:yf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g jf lgodfjnLdf / cGo
;]jf;DaGwL P]g lgodx?df ;dfj]z u/L tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g] u/L tTsfn nfu"
ul/g'kb{5 .
^=%=%=^ k|:tfljt Joj:yf ;a} ;]jfdf nfu" x'g]
o; kl/R5]bdf tTsfn nfu" x'g] egL k|:tfljt Joj:yf cGo ;a} ;]jfx?df
nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .
^=%=%=& kbf]Gglt ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno
o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf kbf]Gglt;DaGwL sfo{sf] nflu ;lrjfnosf]
sfd nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ug'{kb{5 .
^=%=%=* ;xfos ;lrj kb vf/]h
/fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf] ;xfos ;lrj kb vf/]h u/L o;df sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ /fhkqfª\lst >]0fLsf] pk;lrjdf kl/0ft ul/g'kb{5 .
^=%=%=( ;d"xx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg
g]kfn lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] nflu ljz]if1tf cfjZos kb}{
uPsf] Pj+ ljz]if cg'ej / 1fgsf] dfunfO{ b[li6 ubf{ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{
65
;fdfGo k|s[lteGbf leGg leGg k|s[ltsf ljlzi6 cfjZostf (Specialised

Nature) nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg] u/L xfn ;]jfx?cGtu{t /x]sf ;d"xx?nfO{
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 . of] sfo{ o;} kl/R5]bsf] ^=%=!=@
adf]lhd u7g x'g] sfo{bnn] ug'{kb{5 .
^=%=%=!) of] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf
nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lnOg] k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu ;DalGwt
pDd]bjf/x?sf] sfo{ Ifdtf, k];fut l;k / z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ k|ltlalDat
u/fpg ;Sg] vfnsf] kf7\oqmd / k/LIf0f k|ljlw cfof]un] ljz]if1x?sf]
;Nnfx jf ;xof]udf th'{df u/L cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlwdf ;dfj]z u/L nfu"
ug'{kb{5 .
^=^ ljleGg ;]jf / ;d"xdf ;]jfsf ;t{ / ;'ljwfx?;lxt

cfjZostfg';f/ cnu cnu P]g lgod th'{df ug]{M
lghfdtL ;]jfdf ljBdfg ;a} ;]jfx?sf] ;~rfng Pp6} lghfdtL ;]jf P]gcGtu{t
Ps}gf;sf] lgodx?af6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;]jf /x]sf kbx?af6 ;Dkfbg ul/g'kg]{ sfd,
st{Jo / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ k|To]s ;]jfsf cfjZostfx? leGg leGg 5g\ .
t;y{, ;a} ;]jfx?df, ;]jfsf ;t{ / ;'ljwfx?sf] lgwf{/0f klg cnu cnu ?kdf
ul/g' plrt x'G5 . ;fy} sd{rf/L k|zf;gsf ljljw kIfx? lgo'lQm, ;¿jf, kbf]Gglt
/ kbfjlw;Fu ;DalGwt k|fjwfgx?df klg ;]jfsf cfcfkm\gf cfjZostf cg's"n
leGgtf x'g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu a]Unfa]Un} k|s[ltsf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ k|To]s
;]jf÷;d"xsf nflu ;]jfsf] ;t{ / ;'ljwfx? km/s km/s x'g] u/L P]g lgodsf] th'{df
u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
pQm sfo{ Ps ljz]if1x?sf] 6f]nL (Task Force) af6 ;Dkfbg u/fOg'kb{5 . k|:tfljt
6f]nL k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf /xg] cg'udg PsfOåf/f u7g ul/g'kb{5 / o;df
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / ;DalGwt If]qsf k|ltlglwx? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf
P]g lgodsf] th'{df ug]{ sfo{ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 ;'¿ ug{ ;lsG5 .
gf]6 M k|:t't l;kmfl/;adf]lhd gofF P]g lgod :jLs[t eO{ nfu" gx'Fbf;Dd k|rlnt
lgodfg';f/ g} sd{rf/L k|zf;gsf] sfd ;~rfng x'g'kb{5 .
66
^=& sfof{Gjog tflnsf

qm=;+= sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
!-s_ bL3{sfnLg ;'wf/cGtu{t PsLs[t cg'udg PsfOsf] @)$( j}zfv
lghfdtL ;]jf u7gsf] nflu k"jf{wf/ ;xof]udf ;fdfGo d;fGtleq
tof/ ug{ sfo{bnsf] u7g ug]{ k|zf;g dGqfnon]
u7g ug]{
-v_ sfo{bnn] k"jf{wf/x? ;d]t tof/ u/L
>L % sf] ;/sf/df k|:t't ub}{ hfg] /
-u_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] klg nfu" ub}{ @)%@ r}q
hfg] d;fGtleq
@ k|To]s ;]jfsf nflu cnu cnu P]g ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] @)$( j}zfvsf]
lgod th'{dfsf] nflu sfo{bn u7g ;xof]udf ;fdfGo bf];|f] xKtfdf
u/L k|zf;g dGqfnon] sfo{bn u7g u/L
u7g ug]{ cflZjg d;fGt;Dd
sfo{;DkGg ug]{
67
kl/R5]b &
sd{rf/Lx?sf] j[lQ ljsf;M kb:yfkgf /
;¿jf
&=! ljifo k|j]z
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?df /x]sf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] clwstd ljsf; / pkof]u ug]{, pko'Qm
JolQmnfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdf /fVg] tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbOPsf] tflndsf] clwstd
pkof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] lghfdtL ;]jfdf kb:yfkg / ;¿jfsf] Joj:yfnfO{ a9L j}1flgs
/ cy{k"0f{ agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
&=@ ljBdfg cj:yf

-s_ xfn sd{rf/Lx?sf] kb:yfkg ;DalGwt ;]jf jf ;d"xn] ;d]6\g] h'g;'s}
dGqfno jf To;cGtu{tsf ljefu jf sfof{nodf x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 .
k|zf;g ;]jfleq k//fi6« dGqfnodf ;'¿sf] kb:yfkg ubf{ nf]s ;]jf
cfof]uåf/f lnOg] 5'§} k/LIffsf] dfWodaf6 ul/g] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . ;+j}wflgs
cË / ;f]cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?df /fhkqfª\lst clws[tx?sf] ;¿jf ubf{
;DalGwt lgsfosf] /fo lng] Joj:yf 5 . To:t}, cy{ dGqfno jf ;f]
cgtu{tsf sfof{nox?df sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf kb:yfkg ubf{ jf cy{ dGqfno
jf ;f]cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cGoq ;¿jf ubf{ cy{
dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lng] k|fjwfg klg 5 .
-v_ /fhkqfª\lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;¿jf ;fwf/0ftM tLg jif{ k'u]kl5 ul/g] Joj:yf
5 .
-u_ Pp6} d"n c•f k|d'v dftxtsf Ps c•faf6 csf]{ c•fdf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
;dfg >]0fLsf] kbdf ;¿jf ug{ k/]df d"n c•f k|d'vn] ug]{ /
Gofokflnsftkm{sf sd{rf/Lx?afx]s cGo sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Ps dGqfnoaf6
csf]{ dGqfnodf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;¿jf ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg lghfdtL ;]jf
lgodfjnLdf /x]sf] 5 . /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fL;Ddsf kbx?df cGt/
dGqfno ;¿jf (Inter-ministerial Transfer) ;DalGwt ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{
dGqfnon] ub{5 / ;f]eGbf dflysf kbx?df dlGqkl/ifb\n] ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]
5 . /fhkq cgª\lst kbx?df Pp6f ljefuaf6 csf]{ ljefudf ;¿jf ubf{
;fdfGotM sd{rf/L ;¿jf eP/ cfpg] ljefun] sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf]
ljefusf] k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]/ ;¿jf ug]{ k|rng 5 .
68
&=# ;d:ofx?
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jfdf ;]jfsf] k|s[ltn] ubf{ pko'Qm kbdf pko'Qm JolQmsf] kb:yfkg
gePsf] sf/0fn] sd{rf/Lx?sf] cg'ej tyf tflnd v]/ hfg] u/]sf] 5 /
o;n] sd{rf/Lx?sf] pTkfbsTjdf k|lts"n c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
-v_ gofF egf{ ePkl5 sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkg ug]{ cfwf/x? lglZrt 5}gg\ .
-u_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s]Gb| (Centre) tyf sfo{:yn (Field) sf] cg'ej lbnfO{
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ Ifdtf ljsl;t ug'{kg]{ s'/f klg Jol:yt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
-3_ lghfdtL ;]jfleq ;¿jfx? Jojl:yt ?kdf geO{ l56f] x'g] u/]sfn]
sd{rf/Lx?n] cfjZos sfo{ cg'ej k|fKt ug{df afwf k'Ug'sf] ;fy} b}lgs tyf
e|d0f eQfx?df grflxFbf] vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cgfjZos
c;'ljwf ;d]t ePsf] 5 .
-ª_ ;¿jfsf] lglDt s'g} ;do lgwf{l/t gul/Psfn] ;¿jf x'g rfxg] sd{rf/L tyf
;DalGwt lgsfon] h'g;'s} avt klg ;¿jfsf] sf/afxLdf clNem/xg'kg]{
l:ylt 5 . /fhkqfª\lst kbdf tLg jif{ k'u]kl5 ;¿jf ul/g] lghfdtL ;]jf
lgodfjnLsf] k|fjwfg k|efjsf/L 5}g .
-r_ sfof{no k|d'vx? ;¿jf x'Fbf ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ sfof{nosf] l:yltsf]
hfgsf/L u/fpg] Joj:yf g/x]sf]n] sfof{nosf sfo{qmdx?df cljlR5Ggtf
/xg ;s]sf] 5}g .
&=$ kb:yfkg tyf ;¿jfsf nflu k|:tfljt l;4fGtx?

-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkg jf cGt/ ljefuLo jf If]qLo :t/df ;¿jf ubf{ lghsf]
z}lIfs of]Uotf, tflnd, cg'ej, l;k / ljz]if1tf ;d]tsf] ljrf/ ug]{ gLlt
cjnDag ug]{ .
-v_ ;¿jf k|0ffnLnfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] Ps k|d'v tÎjsf] ?kdf
ljsl;t ub}{ hfg] .
&=% kb:yfkg / :yfgfGt/0f (Placement and Mobility)
pko'{Qm l;4fGtsf cfwf/df kb:yfkg / ;¿jfsf nflu b]xfocg';f/sf] Joj:yf

ckgfOg'kb{5 .
&=%=! kb:yfkg
gofF lgo'lQm kfpg] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]xfocg';f/ kb:yfkgsf] Joj:yf
ul/g'kb{5 .
69
-s_ k|zf;g ;]jfsf] /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLdf gofF egf{ x'g]

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|zf;gsf ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s kIfx?;Fu kl/lrt
u/fpg ! jif{sf] tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 . ;f] cjlwdf sd{rf/LnfO{
sIffut tflndsf] ;fy} s]Gb|Lo :t/ / sfo{:ynsf sfof{nox?sf] sfd
sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L lbnfO{ s]Gb| jf sfo{:yndf kb:yfkgf ug]{ .
tflndkl5 kb:yfkg ubf{ lghsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / lghn] ;]jf k|j]z
tflnddf xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAw ;d]tsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pko'Qm
dGqfnosf] s]Gb|Lo :t/ jf sfo{:yn (Central of Field Level) df
kb:yfkgf ul/g'kg]{ .
-v_ k|zf;g ;]jfafx]s cGo ;]jfx?df gofF egf{ x'g] clws[t :t/sf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sDtLdf tLg dlxgfsf] k|zf;gsf ;}4flGts /
Jofjxfl/s kIfx?df tyf ;DalGwt ljifodf ;d]t tflnd lbO{ s]Gb|Lo
:t/ jf sfo{:yndf kb:yfkg ug]{ .
-u_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|zf;gsf ljljw kIf tyf ;DalGwt
ljifodf ;/sf/L lqmofsnfkx?;Fu kl/lrt u/fO{ kb:yfkg ug]{ .
-3_ gofF k|s[lt jf pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ sfo{df sd{rf/Lx?sf]
kb:yfkg ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ k|s[lt / :t/cg'?k tflnd lbO{
dfq kb:yfkg ug]{ .
-ª_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cGo s'g} dGqfno, ljefu jf sfof{nodf cTofjZos
k/]df dfq sfhdf k7fpg] / ;fdfGotM # dlxgfeGbf a9L sfh
gk7fpg] .
-r_ dflyNnf] txdf sfod d'sfod ubf{ ;fdfGotof kbf]Gglt x'g] cj:yfsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// ul/g'sf] ;fy} sfod d'sfod ug]{
clwstd cjlw tf]lsg'kb{5 .
&=%=@ :yfgfGt/0f
;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd s]Gb|Lo :t/ Pj+
sfo{:ynsf] cg'ej lbnfpg] p2]Zon] s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 sfo{:yndf /
sfo{:ynaf6 s]Gb|Lo :t/df kfnf] kfnf] u/L b]xfocg';f/ :yfgfGt/0fsf]
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
-s_ :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ s]Gb|Lo :t/df sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ lxdfnL, kxf8L jf
t/fO{ e]usf lhNnfdWo] s'g} Psdf / sfo{:yndf /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{
s]Gb|Lo :t/df jf csf]{ ef}uf]lns If]qdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ .
70
-v_ ;DalGwt ;]jf÷;d"xleqsf kb;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df ;Dej ePdf

/fhkqfª\lst låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf
Psk6 kxf8L / Psk6s t/fO{sf lhNnfdf sfd ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
oL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ oyf;Dej lxdfnL lhNnfdf klg Psk6s v6fpg] .
-u_ /fhkq cgª\lst :t/df sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 3/kfos ldNg] u/L kb:yfkg
tyf ;¿jf ug]{ .
-3_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] kbdf %) jif{ gf3]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg
gug]{ . o:t}, %) jif{ gf3]sf cGo sd{rf/LnfO{ lxdfnL e]usf lhNnfdf
;¿jf gug]{ .
-ª_ kltkTgL b'j} ;]jfdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;Dej eP;Dd b'j}nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf
/fVg] u/L kb:yfkg jf ;¿jf ug]{ .
-r_ ;¿jf ubf{ sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut / kfl/jfl/s l:yltk|lt ;+j]bgzLn
/xg] .
-5_ ;¿jf ubf{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf x'gfsf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO{ lghsf]
JolQmut kmfOndf /fVg] .
-h_ c•f k|d'vx?sf] ;¿jf x'Fbf ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ sfof{nosf]
l:ylt cjut uf/fpg] k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug]{ .
&=%=# ;¿jf ;dofjlw
-s_ lxdfnL e]usf lhNnfdf ;fdfGotof Psb]lv 8]9 jif{ / cGo lhNnf jf
s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;fdfGotM c9fO{b]lv tLg jif{ gk'uL sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf
gug]{ .
-v_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;¿jfsf] nflu vf; ;do lgwf{l/t ug]{ . t/ o:tf]
;do z}lIfs ;qsf] aLrdf kg'{ x'Fb}g .
71
kl/R5]b *
kbf]Ggltsf] l;4fGt
*= ! ljifo k|j]z
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdk|lt pTk|]l/t ug{ / pT;flxt agfO{ /fVg kbf]Gglt Joj:yfsf] ljz]if
dxÎj x'G5 . g]kfn lghfdtL ;]jfdf xfn /x]sf] kbf]Gglt Joj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5}g .
kbf]Ggltsf] jt{dfg Joj:yfdf ;'wf/sf] k|:tfj cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ljleGg JolQmut tyf
;fd"lxs÷;+:yfut ;'emfjx?nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ljleGg dGqfnosf ;lrjx? tyf cGo
pRr kb:y sd{rf/Lx?;Fusf] 5nkmn ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L /flvPsf] 5 .
*= @ ljBdfg kbf]Gglt Joj:yf

*= @=! kbf]Ggltsf cfwf/x?
xfn lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ of]Uotf / sfo{ Ifdtf ;d]tsf]
cfwf/df kbf]Gglt ug]{ l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jf
lgodfjnLcg';f/ of]Uotf / sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sgsf] lglDt d"n tÎjsf]
?kdf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg / k"/s tÎjsf] ?kdf M–
-s_ z}lIfs of]Uotf,
-v_ Ho]i7tf,
-u_ b]zsf] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf uO{ sfd u/]sf] cg'ej,
-3_ sfof{no k|d'v eO{ sfd u/]sf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/Lsf] cg'ej,
-ª_ >L % af6 aS;g] tSdf, kbs, cnª\sf/ / k|z+;fkq,
-r_ ;]jfsfnLg tflnd /
-5_ k|sflzt cg';GwfgfTds s[lt cflb nfO{ ljleGg c° lgwf{l/t ul/Psf
5g\ .
*= @=@ /fhkqfª\lst kbx?df
/fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLeGbf dfly /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL;Ddsf kbdf
kbf]Gglt ubf{ l/Qm kbx?dWo] &% k|ltzt kbdf kbf]Ggltsf] k|of]hgsf]
nfludfly pNn]v ePadf]lhd lgwf{l/t cfwf/cGtu{t sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf]
c° u0fgf u/L ;a}eGbf a9L c° k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ kbf]Gglt ul/G5 .
72
afFsL /x]sf] @% k|ltzt kbx?df nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lnOg] cfGtl/s

k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f kbf]Gglt ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
*=@=# /fhkq cgª\lst kbaf6 /fhkqfª\lst kbdf
/fhkq cgª\lst k|yd >]0fLaf6 /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLdf kbf]Gglt ubf{
o; >]0fLdf vfnL kbsf] @% k|ltztdWo] !% k|ltzt kb /fhkq cgª\lst
k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf % jif{ ;]jf u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo] cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] dfWodåf/f kbf]Gglt / afFsL !) k|ltzt kbdf !%
jif{ ;]jf u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 cGtjf{tf{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf cGo tÎjx?
-h:t} sfof{no k|d'v eO{ sfd u/]sf] cflb_ sf] cfwf/df kbf]Gglt ul/g]
Joj:yf 5 .
*=@=$ /fhkq cgª\lst kbdf
/fhkq cgª\lst k|yd, låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLdf vfnL kbsf] %) k|ltzt
kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lnOg] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f / afFsL
%) k|ltzt kbdf cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg k4ltaf6 kbf]Gglt ul/G5 .
*=# ;d:ofx? M
dfly *=@=! df pNn]v ul/Psf ljleGg cf7 tÎjx?df c°x? 5'6\ofO{
sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf] c°x?sf] s'n hf]8sf] cfwf/df kbf]Gglt ul/g] jt{dfg
Joj:yf hl6n 5 . ;fy} kbf]Gglt ;ldltnfO{ kbf]Gglt ul/g] sd{rf/Lsf]
dflyNnf] kbdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf 5 jf 5}g egL x]g]{ / ;ldltn] ljj]s
k|of]u ug]{ 7fpF g} 5}g . kbf]Ggltsf] jt{dfg Joj:yfsf] kl/0ffd:j?k b]xfosf
;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ M
-s_ lgwf{l/t tÎjx?df pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt ug]{ s'n c°sf] cfwf/df
kbf]Ggltsf] l;kmfl/; x'g] x'Fbf Ps c°sf] ;fgf] cª\zsf] cGt/n] klg
kbf]Gglt kfpg g;Sg] sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
-v_ :y'n ?kdf x]bf{ kbf]Gglt Joj:yf lgs} j:t'ut / lgikIf k|s[ltsf]
k4lt h:tf] b]lvP tfklg o;df g t kbf]Ggltsf nflu k|ltof]uL
sd{rf/Lx?k|lt jf:tljs ?kdf ;fdfg Jojxf/ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5 g t
Joj:yfkg kIf / nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIftfdf ul7t pRr :t/Lo
kbf]Gglt ;ldltn] ;d]]t of]Uo / ;Ifd sd{rf/LnfO{ kbf]Gglt ug{ s'g}
k|sf/sf] a'l4 ljj]ssf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] u'GhfO; /x]sf] 5 .
-u_ h;n] hlt rfF8f] a9L c° cfh{g ug{ ;Sof] To;}sf] l56f] kbf]Gglt
x'g] ePsf]n] sd{rf/L ju{sf] Wofg cfk"mn] ug'{kg]{ sfddf st{Jolgi7 eO{
73
;+nUg /xg' ;§f kbf]Ggltsf nflu cltl/Qm c° cfh{g ug]{tkm{ s]lGb|t

x'g uPsf] 5 . ;fy} lhNnfdf sfd ug]{n] a9L cª\s k|fKt ug]{ x'Fbf
o:tf sd{rf/Ln] s]Gb|df sfd ug]{sf] t'ngfdf l56f] kbf]Gglt kfpg
;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf]n] s]Gb|df sfd ug]{nfO{ xtf]T;flxt kf/]sf] 5 .
-3_ kbf]Ggltsf] cª\s u0fgfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgwf{l/t ljleGg
cfwf/x?dWo] sltko cfwf/x? -h:t} s[lQ, tSdf_ sd{rf/Lsf]
pTkfbsTj;Fu k|ToIftM ;DalGwt 5}gg\ / oL cfwf/x?sf] u0fgf ug]{
k|yfn] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{k|lt nugzLntf emg\ pN6f] k|efj k/]sf] 5 .
-ª_ jt{dfg sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d j}1flgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ jt{dfg ljlwn] sd{rf/L of]ubfg, p;sf]
sfdk|ltsf] cle¿lr / p;n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] :t/sf] lgikIf
d"Nofª\sg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} k|rlnt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg
kmf/ddf JolQmd"ns u'0fx?afx]s sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf]
n]vfhf]vf x'g] tÎjx? ;dfj]z ePsf 5}gg\ . o;afx]s, of] kmf/d
lgwf{l/t ;dodf eg]{ k|rng 5}g .
*=$ ;'wf/sf pkfox?

-s_ jt{dfg kbf]Gglt Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ sfo{ Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t kbf]Gglt Joj:yf
ckgfpg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 . o; Joj:yfcg';f/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Gglt
pgLx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg tyf dflyNnf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{
;Sg] v'aLsf] cfwf/df dfq x'g'kb{5 .
-v_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ slt cjlw kZrft\ s]sf] cfwf/df s;/L kbf]Gglt ug]{ jf
kbf]Ggltsf] cfwf/ s] x'g'k5{ eGg] ljifodf ;fwf/0ftof b'O{j6f cfwf/nfO{
dfGg] jf lng] k|rng 5 . tL x'g\– Ho]i7tf / sfo{ Ifdtf . xfn Ho]i7tfnfO{
eGbf sfo{ Ifdtf / dflyNnf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ ;Sg] v'aLnfO{
kbf]Ggltsf] cfwf/ dflgg] ;j{dfGo k|rng 5 . g]kfnsf] lghfdtL ;]jfdf klg
pko'{Qm l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t kbf]Gglt k4lt ckgfpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
*=$=! sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbf]Ggltsf] nflu ul/g'kg]{ Joj:yf
sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbf]Ggltsf] k4lt ;'¿ ug{ ;j{k|yd sd{rf/LnfO{
pgLx?n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfo{sf] d"Nofª\sg lgikIf ?kdf x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf
cfZj:t u/fOg'kb{5 . ;fy} ;'kl/j]Ifsdf klg dftxtsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut ?kdf ug'{kb{5 eGg] bfloTjaf]w x'g' Tolts}
cfjZos 5 . o; k4ltnfO{ ;'Jojl:yt ug{ lgDgcg';f/sf] Joj:yf ug'{
pko'Qm x'g] 5 M
74
-s_ kbx?sf] lj:t[t sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{,

-v_ ;Dej eP;Dd lgwf{l/t cjlwdf sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfdsf]
cfjlws sfo{ tflnsf (Work Shedule) tof/ ug{ nufO{ o;sf]
cfwf/df ;d]t ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ ljj/0f / cfjlws sfo{ tflnsfcg';f/ sd{rf/Laf6 ck]Iff ul/Psf]
sfdsf] :t/ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ dfkb08x? ;'lglZrt ug]{,
-3_ sd{rf/Ln] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] kl/df0f / :t/sf] ;DaGwdf sd{rf/L /
;'kl/j]Ifs b'j} kIfnfO{ :ki6 hfgsf/L x'g] Joj:yf ug]{,
-ª_ sd{rf/Lsf] lga{n kIfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ / ;an kIfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ cem
ljsf; ug]{ b[li6sf]0fn] sd{rf/L / ;'kl/j]Ifssf] aLrdf k/:k/df ;~rf/
x'g ;Sg] k|0ffnLnfO{ ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg],
-r_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ ljlw / o;;DaGwL ;a} kIf
;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] u/L kl/rofTds uf]i7Lsf] Joj:yf
ug]{ . ;fy} lgoldt tflndsf] ljifoj:t'df ;d]t o;nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ /
-5_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lnOg] k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu ;DalGwt
pDd]bjf/x?sf] sfo{ Ifdtf, k];fut l;k / z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{
k|ltlalDat u/fpg ;Sg] vfnsf] kf7\oqmd / k/LIf0f k|ljlw cfof]un]
th'{df u/L cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlwdf ;dfj]z u/L nfu" ug]{ .
*=$=@ cGo Joj:Yff
ljleGg tÎjx?nfO{ kbf]Ggltsf] cfwf/ dflgg] jt{dfg kl/kf6Laf6 s]jn sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df dfq kbf]Ggltsf] Joj:yf ckgfOPkl5 klg sd{rf/Lsf]
j[lQljsf;df sfo{:ynsf] cg'ej tyf ;]jfsfnLg tflndn] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf
v]Nb} /xg'kb{5 . ;fy} sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k|sflzt u|Gy
cg';GwfgfTds s[ltx?sf] cWoogn] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf lgZro
klg ;xfotf k'¥ofpFb5 . ctMPj, sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{:ynsf] cg'ej lbnfpg
cfkm\gf] ljifoj:t'sf] af/]df ;w}F cBfjlws hfgsf/L xfl;n u/L /fVg
clek|]l/t ug{ / sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfsf] j[l4df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg >L % sf]
;/sf/åf/f b]xfosf s'/fx?df ;d]t Wofg k'¥ofpg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 M
-s_ ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kb:yfkgf ePafkt kbf]Ggltsf]
nflu cª\s u0fgf u'g{eGbf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{:ynsf cg'ej lbnfpg]
b[li6sf]0faf6 lxdfnL / kxf8L lhNnfdf kb:yfkgf ul/g] kl/kf6Lsf]
cfjZostf 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ /fhkqfª\lst låtLo
>]0fL;Ddsf] kbdf sfo{/t /x]sf] cjlwleq lxdfnL jf kxf8L e]usf
lhNnfx?df j[lQ ljsf;;DaGwL kl/R5]b -kl/R5]b &_ df pNn]v
ul/Pcg';f/ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
75
;fwg tyf ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt / ljs6 tyf b'u{df lhNnfx?df sfo{/t

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ oy]i6 cfly{s / ef}lts ;'ljwfx? / sd{rf/Lx?sf]
k];fut / af}l4s ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fwg / ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fpg] lbzfdf klg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpFb} hfg'kb{5 .
-v_ kbf]Ggltsf nflu ;]jfsfnLg tflnd cª\s cfh{g ug]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf
/flvg'sf] ;§f sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfut Joj:yf u/L
k|To]s pRrt/ :t/sf] kbdf kbf]Gglt eO;s]kl5 jf kbf]Gglt x'g'eGbf
cufj} ;]jfsfnLg tflnd lbg] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-u_ sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbf]Gglt ug]{ k|0ffnLdf sd{rf/Lsf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg
cfkm\gf] lgwf{l/t sfo{sf] ;Dkfbgdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . cfkm\gf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] u'0f:t/df j[l4 ug]{ / dflyNnf] :t/sf] kbsf] pQ/bfloTj
jxg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ d2t ug]{ sfo{snfkx?df eg] cfkm"
;b}j ;+nUg /xg k|oTgzLn /xg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu sd{rf/Ln]
k];fut ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ ;Ifd / cBfjlws (Update) u/fpFb}
n}hfg'kb{5 . sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] ljifodf k|sfzdf cfPsf gofF gofF
;fdu|L;Fu cfkm"nfO{ kl/lrt u/fOg} /fVg'kb{5 . of] k|lqmofnfO{
sd{rf/Ln] k];fut hLjgsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'g] kl/l:ylt
;[hgf ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ kbf]Ggltsf] nflu ;DefJo ePsf pDd]bjf/x?dWo] ;dfg d"Nofª\sg x'g]
pDd]bjf/x?sf] ;ª\Vofsf] cg'kftdf kbf]Ggltsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] l/Qm
kb;ª\Vof sd ePdf kbf]Gglt ;ldltn] lgDg k|lqmof ckgfO{
sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Ggltsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug'{kb{5 M
! ;j{k|yd ;DefJo pDd]bjf/x?sf] ljz]if z}lIfs of]Uotf, ljz]if
tflnd / sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt cGo k|ltefnfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L
l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
@ dfly k|s/0f ! df pNn]v ul/Psf] ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] k|ltef
n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{ ePdf kbf]Gglt ;ldltn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf]
;'kl/j]Ifs jf sd{rf/L :jo+;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng] .
# dfly k|s/0f @ sf] cfwf/df klg ;DefJo pDd]bjf/x?sf]
d"Nofª\sg ;dfg ePdf xfnsf] kbsf] Ho]i7tfnfO{ dfGotf lbg'
kg]{ .
$ xfnsf] kbsf] Ho]i7tfaf6 klg ;DefJo pDd]bjf/x?sf] d"Nofª\sg
;dfg ePdf xfnsf] kbeGbf Ps tx tnsf] kbsf] Ho]i7tfsf]
cfwf/df kbf]Ggltsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/g'kg]{ .
76
kl/R5]b (
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg
(=! ljifo k|j]z
sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df kbf]Gglt x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ sfo{ ?kdf kl/0ft ug{, lghfdtL
;]jfleq sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/ pRr /fVg / sd{rf/Lx?n] u/]sf
sfo{x?sf] d"Nofª\sg u/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/n] k'/:s[t u/L dgf]andf
;sf/fTds k|efj kfg{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] ljz]if dxÎj 5 . o;sf] lglDt
;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug{'kg{] sfdsf] u'0f:t/ emNsfpg ;Sg] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
(=@ ljBdfg k|0ffnL

sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgdf kbf]Ggltsf] nflu xfn k"0ff{° #)) dWo] !!@ -#& k|ltzt_
5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ d"Nofª\sg ubf{ a9LeGbf a9L j:t'ut xf];\
eGg] p2]Zon] o;nfO{ # efudf ljeflht u/L %^ cª\s ;'kl/j]Ifs, @* cª\s
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / @* cª\s k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf ;'lDkPsf] 5 / sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLnfO{ uf]Ko /flvPsf] 5 . t}klg xfnsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf]
k|j[lQcg';f/ k|foM ;a} sd{rf/Lx?n], of]Uo eP klg geP klg, sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu
5'6\ofOPsf] k"/} cª\s kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] d"Nofª\sg kmf/ddf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
:t/ :ki6 ?kdf yfxf x'g] s'g} klg tÎj /x]sf] 5}g / w]/}h;f] j}olQms u'0fx?
emNsfpg] tÎjx? dfq 5g\ .
(=# ;d:ofx?
-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf :ki6 sfo{ ljj/0f gePsf]n] sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofª\sg ug]{ cfwf/ g} g/x]sf] .
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ gtf]lsPsf]n] sfo{ ;Dkfbg h:tf];'s} eP tfklg k|foM
k"0ff{° lbg] k|rng /x]sf] 5 .
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
-3_ d"Nofª\sgsf k|foM ;Dk"0f{ tÎjx? g} j}olQms u'0f;Fu cfa4 ePsf]n] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf nflu d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] :j?k g} pko'Qm 5}g .
77
(=$ ;d:of ;fdfwfgsf] ;'emfj

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/ddf ;'wf/ u/L kl/jt{g ug]{ .
-v_ d"Nofª\sg kmf/d sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Lsf] :t/cg';f/ ljleGg >]0fLsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu 5'§f5'§} ug]{,
(=$=! ;'emfjsf d'Vo d'Vo a'Fbfx?
-s_ /fhkq cgª\lst kbx? / /fhkq cgª\lst k|yd >]0fLaf6
/fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofª\sg ubf{ cfjZos sfg'g tyf k|lqmofsf] 1fg / lgb]{zg a'emL
sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf h:tf tÎjx?df hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 .
-v_ /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?n] lgoldt k|s[ltsf] sfo{x?
;fdfGo lgb]{zgsf] cfwf/df :jtGq ?kn] ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf o; >]0fLsf
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/x?df ;DalGwt
sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ 1fg, ;[hgzLntf tyf ;Dkfbg ePsf]
sfdsf] u'0f:t/ h:tf ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?n] k];fut ?kdf cflwsfl/s
?kdf ;Nnfx lbg], gofF gLltx? th'{df ug]{ sfo{x? ;'¿ ug]{, pRr
Joj:yfkg / ;xof]uLx? aLr dWo:y (Link Pins) sf] ?kdf sfo{
;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;[hgzLntf,
sfdsf] k|ltkmn, cfkm\gf ;xof]uLx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] ;DefJotf /
ljj]s k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtf h:tf s'/fx?nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg kmf/d tof/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL / ;f]eGbf dflysf kbx? >L % sf]
;/sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf pRr :t/sf kbx? ePsf]n], oL kbx?df
sfo{/t clws[tx?n] gLltut s'/fdf a9L ;do lbg'kg]{, oL gLltx?sf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ljleGg :t/sf uf]i7L / ;Dd]ngx?df >L % sf]
;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ;d]t ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] tbg's"n g} sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg kmf/d tof/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-ª_ ;}4flGts b[li6sf]0faf6 ljrf/ ubf{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf
tÎjx?sf] ljleGg :t/nfO{ kl/eflift u/L o;nfO{ v'Nnf ug'{ g}
pko'Qm x'G5 . t/ t'¿Gt} sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgnfO{ v'Nnf ubf{
xfd|f] ;fdflhs agf]6 nufot ljleGg sf/0fn] d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut gx'g],
;a}n] ;dfg cª\s kfpg], sd cª\s lbFbf ;'k/j]Ifs / ;xof]uL
sd{rf/L aLr dgf]dflnGo x'g] h:tf ljutsf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ljrf/
78
ubf{ o;nfO{ xfn v'Nnf ug{ pko'Qm 5}g . eljiodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg kmf/dnfO{ v'Nnf ug]{ lbzflt/ cu|;/ x'g'kb{5 .
/fhkq cgª\lst >]0fLx? tyf /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo, låtLo / k|yd
>]0fLsf nflu th'{df ul/Psf rf/ k|sf/sf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg
kmf/dx? cg';"rL $ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
(=$=@ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d
k|:tfljt kmf/d hDdf % v08df ljeflht 5 .
k|yd v08df kmf/d eg]{ kbflwsf/Lx?sf] nflu kmf/d eg]{ lgb]{lzsf /x]sf]5 .
bf];|f] v08df sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfkm\gf] j}olQms ljj/0f / k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf
sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ cfkm}nfO{ :ki6 u/L pNn]v ug'{kg]{ s'/f
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . t];|f] v08df sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf
pNn]v u/]sf] ljj/0fpk/ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] l6Kk0fL, sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofª\sg, sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ / sd{rf/Lsf] kbf]Ggltsf] nflu
pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf ;'kl/j]Ifssf] dGtJo /x]sf] 5 . rf}yf] v08df clGtd
?kdf dfGo x'g] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] l;kmfl/; /x]sf] 5 . kfFrf} v08df
d"Nofª\sgsf tÎjx?sf] ljleGg :t/sf] kl/efiff ul/Psf] 5 .
(=% nfu" ug]{ k|lqmof

-s_ cg';"rL $ df k|:t't sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d / tT;DaGwL Joj:yf
lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/ddf k|zf;lgs tyf k|fljlws b'j}
k|sf/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ k|ltlalDat x'g ;Sg] x'Fbf o;
kmf/dnfO{ ;a} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf nflu
k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d eg]{ ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbgsf] nflu tflnd / uf]i7Lx? t'¿Gt cfof]hgf
ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ k|:t't sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d cfly{s jif{ @)$*.@)$( b]lv nfu"
ul/g'kb{5 .
-ª_ k|:t't sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d nfu" eO{ kbf]Gglt / tx j[l4 ubf{
k'/fgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgafktsf] cª\s u0fgf gug]{ / ;'¿sf jif{x?df
hlt jif{sf] k|:tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d el/g] xf] Tolt jif{sf]
79
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df kbf]Gglt / tx j[l4;DaGwL ljifodf

lg0f{o ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
-r_ k|:t't kmf/d nfu" ul/Pkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sgsf] ;DaGwdf sfof{Gjog kIfdf s'g} q'l6 ePdf ;f] ;'wf/ ug{
cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
-5_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d lgwf{l/t ;dodf / lgwf{l/t tl/sfcg';f/ eg{
nufpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrj / ljefuLo k|d'vsf] x'g'kb{5 .
80
kl/R5]b !)
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'/Iff
!)=! ljifo k|j]z
lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L ;Ifd, pTk]|l/t tyf hjfkmb]xL k"0f{ agfpg lghfdtL ;]jfdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?df ;]jf ;'/Iffsf] efjgf x'g' h¿/L 5 . lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf
lgodfjnLdf ljBdfg sltko k|fjwfgn] ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?df ;]jf ;'/Iffsf] efjgf kof{Kt
dfqfdf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . To;}n] To:tf k|fjwfg x6fO{ sd{rf/Ldf ;'/Iffsf] efjgf hfu[t
u/fO{ pgLx?nfO{ st{Jolgi7 eO{ sfd ug{ clek|]l/t ug'{k/]sf] 5 .
!)=@ ljBdfg ;d:ofx? M

lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jf ;'/Iffsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ M
-s_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;]jfsf] cjlw >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] OR5fcg';f/ x'g] k|fjwfg
lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf ePsf]n] pgLx?df gf]s/Lsf] cjlwel/ g} c:yfoL 5'
eGg] efjgf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] .
-v_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf ^ -!_ sf] v08 -v_ df Joj:yf ePcg';f/
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf ;d]t glbO{ krf{ v8f u/L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yfn] ubf{ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] arfj ;d]t ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt g/x]sf] .
-u_ sd{rf/Lx?pk/ s;'/ / ;hfosf] cg'kft aLr :ki6 ;x;DaGw (Co-relation)
gePsf] .
!)=# ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox?

pk/f]Qm ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)!# / lghfdtL ;]jf
lgodfjnL, @)@! df b]xfocg';f/sf] ;+zf]wg ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] OR5fcg';f/ x'g] eGg]
pNn]v ePsf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)!# sf] bkmf % nfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] vf/]h
ug]{ .
-v_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf glbO{ krf{v8f u/L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg
/x]sf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)!# sf] bkmf ^ -!_ sf] v08 -v_ vf/]h ug]{ .
81
!)=#=! ;hfo k|lqmofnfO{ ;/n agfpg]

lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=! df plNnlvt gl;xt lbg]b]lv
avf{:t ug]{;Dd ^ k|sf/sf ;hfosf] Joj:yf Jofjxfl/s 5}g . ;hfosf]
k|lqmof hl6n ePsf]n] g} o; lgodcGtu{t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ la/n} ;hfo ug]{
ul/Psf] 5 . o;y{ ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ ;/n / k|efjsf/L agfpg
lgDgcg';f/sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
-s_ lgod !)=! -!_ df plNnlvt ægl;xtÆ sf] ;hfonfO{ w]/}h;f]
ær]tfjgLÆ sf] dfWodaf6 kG5fpg] k|j[lQ k|zf;gdf b]lvPsf]n] o;nfO{
;hfosf] k|s/0faf6 x6fpg] .
-v_ ;hfosf] lsl;d x]/L ;hfosf] k|lqmofdf ;/nLs/0f ug{ ;hfonfO{
;fdfGo / ljz]if u/L b'O{ ;d"xdf juL{s[t ug]{ . k|To]s ;d"xdf kg]{
;hfox?nfO{ b]xfocg';f/ juL{s[t ug]{ .
!= ;fdfGo ;hfo
– u|]8 /f]Ssf ug]{,
– a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{,
@= ljz]if ;hfo
– tNnf] u|]8 jf tnadfgdf cf]/fNg],
– tNnf] kbdf 36'jf ug]{,
– eljiodf ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L
gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg],
– eljiodf ;/sf/Lsf] lgldQ ;fdfGotM cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L
gf]s/Laf6 avf{:t ug]{ .
-u_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=( cg';f/ s'g} lghfdtL
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ cfb]z lbg'eGbf cl3 sf/afxL ug{ nfu]sf]
sf/0fsf] pNn]v u/L ;kmfO k]; ug]{ df}sf lbg'kg]{ / lgod !)=!)
cg';f/ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] ;hfosf] ;"rgf lbg] / To:tf]
;hfo lsg glbg] eGg]af/]df :ki6Ls/0f dfUg] Joj:yf ljz]if ;hfo
ug]{ ;Gbe{df dfq ckgfpg] . ;fdfGo ;hfosf] nflu ;DalGwt
sd{rf/L;Fu Psk6s :ki6Ls/0f lng' kof{Kt x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] hfgL hfgL nfk/jfxL jf lgod cfb]zsf] kfng gugf{n]
>L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ x'g cfPsf] gf]S;fgL c;'n u/fpg] Joj:yf
cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL lgodx? jf To:t} cGo sfg'gL Joj:yfcGtu{t
82
;dfj]z x'g] ljifo ePsf] / o;nfO{ ;hfosf] ?kdf /fVg' pko'Qm klg
gx'g] ePsf]n] lgod !)=!= -#_ nfO{ x6fpg] .
-ª_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf ( -s_ df tf]lsPsf] ljefuLo ;hfo lbg]
clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] ;hfosf] cfb]zn] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 5
eg] lghn] tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bgkq lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfg
/x]sf] 5 .
To:t} lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=!% n] sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag
ePsf]df, k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb u'lh|;s]sf]df / k/LIf0f sfn jf s/f/gfdfsf]
cjlwleq ;]jfsf] cGt ul/Psf]df >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;dIf lgj]bgkq lbg
;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 / o;} lgoddf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] pko'Qm 7x¥ofPdf
;hfosf] cfb]z /2 ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg klg /x]sf] 5 . o:tf] Joj:yfn] ubf{
;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/nfO{ lgliqmo jf lzlyn kf/]sf] 5 .
;fy} sfd la/fpg] / laufg]{nfO{ ;d]t ;hfo lbg ;DalGwt clwsf/Lx?
lxrlsrfpF5g\ . ctM ;hfosf] Joj:yf k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n]
o; k|fjwfgsf] cf}lrTo gePsf]n] o;nfO{ x6fpg] .
!)=#=@ lgnDagsf] cjlw 36fpg]
-s_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=& sf] pklgod -#_ cg';f/
sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ubf{ ;fwf/0ftM # dlxgfeGbf a9L lgnDagdf
/fVg gx'g] / ;f] cjlwnfO{ a9fpg'k/]df Psk6sdf Ps dlxgf u/L
a9Ldf csf]{ # dlxgf;Dd lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg ;lsG5 . of] cjlw
lgs} nfdf] ePsf] / lgnDagsf] cjlw gnDAofO{ sf/afxLnfO{ oyf;Dej
rfF8f] lsgf/f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ jf~5gLo ePsf] 5 . To;}n] lgnDag
ubf{ @ dlxgfeGbf a9L lgnDagdf /fVg gx'g] / ;f] cjlwnfO{
a9fpg'k/]df csf]{ ! dlxgf;Dd lgnDagsf] cjlw a9fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf
ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^=% sf] pklgod -!_ cg';f/
lgnDag ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ tnasf] Ps rf}yfO dfq
kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . of] /sd cToGt Go"g ePsf]n] sd{rf/Ln]
lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ tnasf] cfwf /sd kfpg] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
!)=#=# gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] / avf{:t ug]{
lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=^ cGtu{t gf]s/Laf6 x6fpg] / avf{:t
ug]{ b'j} ;hfosf nflu lgwf{l/t cfwf/x? ;dfg 5g\ . o;af6 s'g
cj:yfdf s'g ;hfo lbg] eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s;'/sf] cg'kft
83
/ :t/nfO{ ljrf/ u/L x6fpg] jf avf{:t s] s] cfwf/df ubf{ plrt xf]nf

;f]cg';f/ juL{s/0f ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . t/ Jojxf/df b'O6fnfO{ :ki6 b]vfpg
;Dej gx'g] / s;'/sf] cg'kft x]/L ;hfo tf]lsg'kg]{ x'Fbf s;'/sf] uDeL/tf
(Gravity) nfO{ OlËt ug]{ u/L ;hfosf] qmd b]xfocg';f/ /flvg'kb{5 M
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cof]Uotfsf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] kbsf] sfd /
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]df,
-v_ cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodx? a/fa/ pNnª\3g ul//x]df,
-u_ sfof{nosf] ;dodf a/fa/ dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg u/]df,
-3_ a/fa/ cg'zf;gxLgtfsf] sfd u/]df,
-ª_ /fhgLltdf efu lnPdf,
-r_ cfkm\gf] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]df,
-5_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]u nflu cbfntdf ck/fwL k|dfl0ft
ePdf,
-h_ e|i6frf/ u/]df .
!)=$ k'ga{xfnLkZrft\\ k"/f tna pknAw u/fpg]

lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)=!^ df ;'¿b]lv g} sd{rf/LnfO{ x6fpg] jf
avf{:t ug]{ cfb]z /2 eO{ lgh gf]s/Ldf k'gM sfod ePdf h'g ldltb]lv x6fOPsf]
jf avf{:t ePsf] xf] ;f]xL ldltb]lv k"/f tna eQf / j[l4 ;d]t lghn] kfpg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ of] Joj:yfdf @)#( ;fndf ePsf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf]
;+zf]wgcg';f/ k|zf;sLo cbfnt jf cGo s'g} cbfnt jf clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{on] s'g}
lghfdtL sd{rf/L k'gM:yflkt eP tfklg pkl:yt gePsf] cjlwsf] tna eQf gkfpg]
u/L kl/jt{g ul/of] . ;fy} @)$^ ;fndf lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLdf ;d]t ;+zf]wg
u/L ;f]xL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;+zf]wg plrt / Gofo;ª\ut
gePsf]n] k'/fg} Joj:yf lghfdtL ;]jf P]gdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
!)=% sd{rf/L k/fdz{ ;]jf

xfn sd{rf/Lx?sf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] / pgLx?nfO{ ljleGg k|zf;sLo tyf j[lQ
ljsf;;DaGwL s'/fx?df ;Nnfx lbg] s'g} Joj:yf 5}g . o;n] ubf{ sd{rf/L ju{df
g}/fZo / s'07f ljsl;t x'Fb} hfg] l:ylt b]vf k/]sf] 5 . of] ;d:ofnfO{ emg\ hl6n
x'g glbg >L % sf] ;/sfsf] ;ª\u7gfTds Joj:yfdf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pko'Qm
k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg Pp6f :yfoL ;+:yfut Joj:Yff cfjZos 5 . o;sf]
nflu lgDg Joj:yfx? ul/g'kb{5 M
84
-s_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] lk/dsf{ ;'Gg], pgLx?nfO{ ;Nnfxsf/L ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ /

j}olQms j[lQ ljsf; of]hgfdf ;Nnfx ;]jf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] s]Gb|Lo ?kdf
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf / ljifout (Sectoral) ?kdf dGqfnox?df
k/fdz{ ;]jf PsfOsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
k|:tfljt PsfOdfkm{t dGqfno jf sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ug]{ tl/sf,
eO/x]sf] Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ jf ldtJolotf ;DaGwdf pNn]vgLo jf gofF gf}nf
;'emfj lbg]x?nfO{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ o:tf] PsfOsf] Joj:yf ug'{cl3 o;sf] u7g k|lqmof / sfo{If]qsf ;DaGwdf
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ljz]if1x?nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L lj:t[t k"j{
cWoogsf] cfwf/df of] Joj:yf ;a} lgsfodf Ps jif{leq -cf=j= )$(÷%)_
nfu" ug]{ .
!)=^ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &=! -#_ vf/]h ug]{

lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ :jtGq, lgikIf / lgeL{s ?kdf cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;dy{
t'Nofpg] b[li6af6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?df ;]jf ;'/Iffsf] efjgf /xg'
h¿/L 5 . t/ k|rlnt lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &=! sf] pklgod -#_
cg';f/ lgj[lQe/0f kfSg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ >L % sf]
;/sfn] rfx]df gf]s/Laf6 cjsfz lbnfpg ;Sg] 5 eGg] ljBdfg sfg'gL
k|fjwfgcg'?k @) jif{ gf]s/L cjlw k'u]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cjsfz
lbg ;Sg] Joj:Yff 5 . o;af6 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]andf k|lts"n c;/ k/]sf]
x'Fbf pgLx?nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] efjgf k|bfg u/L cfkm\gf] sfddf a9L bQlrt eO{ ;+nUg
x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)@! sf] lgod &=! sf] pklgod
# vf/]h ul/g'kb{5 .
!)=& sfof{Gjog tflnsf

qm= sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
;+=
! bkmf !)=# b]lv !)=$ ;Ddsf ;fdfGo k|zf;g cljnDa
ljifox? lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, dGqfno
lgoddf ;dfj]z u/fpg]
@ sd{rf/L k/fdz{ ;]jf;DaGwL ;fdfGo k|zf;g cf=j=
Joj:yf ug]{ dGqfno )$(.%)leq
nfu" u/L
;Sg]
# lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] ;fdfGo k|zf;g cljnDa
lgod &=!= -#_ vf/]h ug]{ dGqfno
85
kl/R5]b !!
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g lgoddf ;dfj]z
x'g'kg]{ ljljw ljifox?
!!=! ljifo k|j]z
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] nfdf] ;]jf cjlwdf cfh{g u/]sf] cg'ej, l;k /
k|fljlws IfdtfnfO{ lghL ?kdf pkof]u u/L To;sf] dfWodaf6 /fli6«o ljsf;df
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] k|j[lQ b]vfpg ;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug'{ cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 .
o;sf nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] :j]lR5s cjsfzsf] Joj:yfnfO{ a9L cfsif{0fo'Qm
agfpg'kg]{ vfFrf] klg /x]sf] 5 .
o;} qmddf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cfr/0fnfO{ gofF ?kdf kl/eflift ug'{kg]{ a]nf klg
cfPsf] 5 . sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz k|fKt u/]kl5 kfpg] lgj[lQe/0f / pkbfgsf
Joj:yfx?df ;fd~h:o / Ps?ktf Nofpg' cfjZos ePsf] s'/f klg cg'ej ul/Psf]
5 . lghfdtL ;]jfdf oL s'/fx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g lgoddf lgDg
Joj:yfx? x'g'kb{5 .
!!=@ ;]jfx?sf] u7g

;]jfx?sf] u7g ;DaGwdf P]gdf Joj:yf ubf{ k|zf;gsf] cfjZostfcg';f/ ;]jfx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L yk36 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf]
;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !@$ cg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfdf s'g s'g ;]jfx? /xg] x'g\ tL
:ki6 ?kdf /flvg' olb cfjZos 5 eg] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg'gL b[li6sf]0fn] dfGo
eP;Dd h'g kl/R5]bdf ;]jfx?sf] ;"rL pNn]v ul/g] 5 ;f]df b]xfosf] k|fjwfg ;d]t
;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
ædfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;]jfx?df cfjZostf c'g;f/ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] yk36 ug{
;Sg] 5 .Æ
!!=# :j]lR5s cjsfz

lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt lnO{ :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbf &
jif{;Ddsf] Psd'i7 lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd kfpg] Joj:yf @)#* ;fndf ul/Psf] lyof] .
of] Joj:yf @)$$ ;fndf vf/]h ul/of] . g]kfnsf] k|zf;g oGqdf sfdsf] cg'kftdf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] clws ;ª\Vofsf] rfksf] ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug]{ cg]s pkfox?dWo]
:j]lR5s cjsfznfO{ klg lng ;lsG5 . ctMPj sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ :j]R5fk"j{s cjsfz
86
lng k|f]T;flxt ug]{ p2]Zon] lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] :j]lR5s cjsfz;DaGwL lgod
&=@ df lgDglnlvt k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ @) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf s'g} klg pd]/sf sd{rf/Ln] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
cg'dlt lnO{ :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg] .
-v_ o:tf sd{rf/Ln] :j]lR5s cjsfz lnFbf kfpg] tnasf] cfwf/df & jif{;Ddsf]
lgj[lQe/0fsf] Psd':6 /sd pknAw u/fpg] .
-u_ %# jif{sf] pd]/ gf3]sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghsf] ^) jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f x'g hlt
cjlw afFsL /xG5, Tolt cjlwsf] dfq lgj[lQe/0fsf] Psd':6 /sd pknAw
u/fpg] .
-3_ sd{rf/Ln] hlt cjlwsf] lgj[lQe/0fsf] Psd':6 /sd kfPsf] 5, ;f] cjlw
e'Qmfg ePkl5 cfkm"n] kfpg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] dfl;s /sd pknAw u/fpg] .
-ª_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg] sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vofsf]
jflif{s sf]6f lgwf{/0f gug]{ .
-r_ of] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+jt\\ @)%! ;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf nflu nfu" ug]{ .
-5_ kfFr jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf t/ aL; jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz lnPdf xfn lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf]
cltl/Qm yk ;'ljwfsf ?kdf lghn] hlt jif{ sfd u/]sf] 5 Tolt dlxgfsf]
tna a/fa/sf] /sd klg pkbfgafkt kfpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . of] Joj:yf
@)%! ;fn ciff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] nflu nfu" ul/g'kb{5 .
!!=$ cfr/0f
lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL kl/R5]bdf /x]sf]
-s_ æ;/sf/L sfdsfh cyjf ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ug{df k|ltaGwÆ ;DaGwL lgod (=(
n] axfnjfnf jf cjsfz k|fKt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ >L % sf]
;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt glnO{ cfkm"n] ;/sf/L st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ ;/sf/L
cyjf u}/;/sf/L ;fwgaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] jf cfkm"n] n]v]sf] cyjf ;ª\slnt
u/]sf] s'g} sfuhkq cyjf ;dfrf/nfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kaf6 c?
cglws[t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cyjf u}/;/sf/L JolQmx?nfO{ cyjf k|];nfO{
;"lrt ug{ lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . of] Joj:yf cgfjZos ?kdf lgoGq0ffTds
b]lvPsf] 5 . ctM o; k|fjwfgnfO{ s]jn b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf
tyf zflGt ;'/Iffdf vnn kg]{ ljifodf / ;/sf/L uf]Kotf (Official
Secretes) nfO{ eË ug{ gx'g] sfg'gåf/f lgif]lwt ljifodf dfq nfu" x'g
;Sg] u/L ;+zf]wg ul/g'kb{5 .
87
-v_ o:t} æ/]l8of] jf k|];;Fu ;DaGwÆ ;DaGwL lgod (=!) df lghfdtL

sd{rf/Ln] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] :ki6 cg'dlt k|fKt gu/L s'g} kqklqsfdf
cfkm\gf] jf:tljs / sfNklgs gfdaf6 jf a]gfdL s'g} n]v k|sflzt ug{
cyjf /]l8of]åf/f k|;f/0f ug{ gx'g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . of] lgoGq0ffTds
k|fjwfg klg sfod /fVg' cfjZos gePsf] / o;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo gePsf]n]
of] lgodnfO{ x6fOg'kb{5 .
!!=% pkbfgsf] clwstd ;Ldf

lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &=$ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z -@_ df /x]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg ;Sg] lgj[lQe/0fsf] clwstd ;Ldf;DaGwL k|fjwfg @)$^ ;fndf
ePsf] lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] ;+zf]wgåf/f xl6;s]sf] 5 . t/ sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]
pkbfgsf] clwstd ;Ldf;DaGwL lgod &=# sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+znfO{ eg] cem;Dd
;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5}g . of] lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ l:yltnfO{ cGt ug{ ;f] bkmfnfO{ ;+zf]wg
u/L pkbfg;DaGwL clwstd ;LdfnfO{ klg x6fOg'kb{5 .
!!=^ ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf;DaGwL k|fjwfg

lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjNfLsf] lgod &=( sf] pklgod -!_ v08 -v_ df ljsf;tkm{sf]
kbdf ldlt @)@#.!).!$ eGbf cl3 lgo'Qm eO{ To:tf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ cljl5Gg
/fvL :yfoLtkm{sf] ;]jfdf cfPsf sd{rf/Ln] ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwnfO{
klg lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b & -cjsfz, pkbfg / lgj[lQe/0f_ sf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ gf]s/L cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . @)@#.!).!$ df
ePsf] tT\sfnLg ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]
kbdf ;f] ldltkZrft\ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ljgf :yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g]
;+j}wflgs Joj:Yffsf] k[i7e"lddf lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLdf pQm k|fjwfg /flvPsf]
lyof] . pQm ldlteGbf cl3 ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf lgo'lQm kfO{ To:tf] kbdf u/]sf]
;]jfnfO{ cljl5Gg /fvL :yfoLtkm{sf] ;]jfdf cfpg'kg]{ sd{rf/Lx? 5g\, 5}gg\ olsg
u/L To:tf sd{rf/L eP ltgLx?n] ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ u0fgf ug]{
Joj:yf u/L lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] pQm lgod &=( sf] pk lgod -!_ v08 -
v_ sf] k|fjwfgnfO{ vf/]h ul/g'kb{5 .
88
kl/R5]b !@
sfo{ ljj/0f
!@=! ljifo k|j]z
sd{rf/L k|zf;g Joj:yfdf æsfo{ ljj/0fÆ (Job Description) sf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 .
k/Dk/fut k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLdf ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg g}
sd{rf/Lsf] æsfo{ ljj/0fÆ x'g] ub{5 . k|zf;lgs sfo{ k|0ffnLdf ljsl;t x'Fb} cfPsf]
hl6ntf, o;sf] k|fljlws kIf / sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf a9\b} cfPsf] ljz]if1tfsf]
cfjZostf h:tf s'/fx?n] ubf{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k"j{lglZrt ?kdf sfdx? tf]s]/ lbg]
k|rng a9\b} cfPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf sfo{sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ k|rng 5 . ljut s]xL bzsb]lv g} sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{
ljj/0f tof/ x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
!@=@ ;d:ofx?
sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf] cefjdf lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgDglnlvt ;d:ofx?
b]lvPsf 5g\ M
-s_ ljleGg kbdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTjsf] :ki6
ls6fg gePsf]n] sd{rf/Lx?df sfd kG5fpg] k|j[lQ b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy}
;DkfbgePsf] sfdsf] d"Nofª\sg klg k|efjsf/L ?kdf x'gg;Sg] l:ylt 5 .
-v_ sfo{ ljj/0fsf] cefjdf lj:t[t clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgsf] Joj:yf sfof{lGjt x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ k|of]u x'g g;s]sf pbfx/0fx? klg
kfOG5g\ .
-u_ æk|zf;sLo sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/;DaGwL lgodx?, @)$@Æ /
o:t} cGo s]xL cfly{s / k|zf;sLo lgodx?n] ljleGg :t/sf sfof{no
k|d'vx?sf] cfly{s / k|zf;lgs clwsf/ tf]s]sf 5g\ . t/ To:tf ;a}
kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ eO{ g;s]sf]n] sfo{ ljj/0f / lbOPsf] clwsf/
aLrsf] ;fd~h:osf] :ki6 n]vfhf]vf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sfof{no k|d'vx?n]
sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf cfOk/]sf ;a} / lgb]{zfg';f/ cGo sfd
;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf kbx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f :jtM :ki6 5 eGg] b[li6sf]0f xfd|f]
k|zf;sLo kl/kf6Ldf b]lvPsf] 5 .
-3_ ljleGg kbsf sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ugf{n] s'g kbn] s] s] sfd ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f]
/ s'g kbsf] nflu s:tf] of]Uotf / cg'ej ePsf] JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm
ul/g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f 6'Ëf] nufpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . o;af6 ;'kl/j]IfsnfO{
dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?n] sfo{ ljj/0fcg';f/ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ jf 5}gg\ egL
89
/]vb]v ug{ / ;Dkfbg ul/Psf] sfo{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
t/ xfn o;sf] cefjdf pko'Qm of]Uotf k|fKt JolQmx? pko'Qm kbdf lgo'Qm
x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ;fy} sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg klg 7f]; cfwf/df x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
!@=# ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox?

-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf /x]sf] ;a} kbx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf tof/ ul/g]
Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
-v_ sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ qmddf ;j{k|yd ;DalGwt kbdf axfn /x]sf]
sd{rf/Ln] g} cfkm"n] ug]{ u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . o;/L tof/
ePsf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lgh;Fu 5nkmn u/L yk36 ug]{, ;DalGwt
zfvfsf] pk;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] sd{rf/Ln] To;df cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug]{ /
;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] To;nfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] Joj:yf ckgfOg'
kb{5 . sfo{ ljj/0fdf sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfdx?sf] ;a} ljj/0f
;dfj]z x'g'kb{5 .
-u_ sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ Pp6} k|sf/sf sfd ug]{ kbx?sf] nflu -h:t}
sd{rf/L k|zf;g, of]hgf, ah]6 tyf cfGtl/s k|zf;g tyf n]vf;DaGwL sfd
ug]{ ;dfg :t/sf kbx?_ Pp6} lsl;dsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ k|To]s sfof{nodf sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ sfo{df ;fy;fy} pRrtd kbb]lv g}
tNnf kbx?df -cyf{t\ ;lrjaf6 dxfzfvf k|d'v, ljefuLo k|d'v, zfvf
k|d'v_ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ sfo{ x'g'kb{5 . k|Tofof]lht clwsf/x?nfO{
;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .
-ª_ ;DalGwt sfof{nox?, ljz]if u/L dGqfno, ljefu / 7"nf 7"nf sfof{nox?n]
;DalGwt dxfzfvf k|d'v, zfvf k|d'v / tLcGtu{t sfo{/t k|To]s txsf
sd{rf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :ki6 b]lvg] u/L sfof{no lbUbz{g klg
tof/ u/L k|sfzdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
-r_ pQm lgsfoafx]s cGo sfof{non] klg k|To]s txsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo
/ clwsf/ :ki6 u/L ;f]xLcg';f/ sd{rf/LnfO{ sfd nufpg] tyf sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ kl/kf6L ckgfpg'kb{5 .
!@=$ sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{

sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt sfof{nosf]
x'g'kb{5 . o; sfo{df k|fljlws ;]jf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnoaf6 ul/g'kb{5 .
90
sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ sfo{ clanDa ;'¿ u/L cf=j= @)$(.)%) leq ;DkGg u/L
nfu" u/L ;Sg'kb{5 .
!@=% cBfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg

sfo{ ljj/0f Psk6s tof/ eP/ dfq k'Ub}g . ;ª\u7gx?sf] sfd / hgzlQm
Joj:yfdf yk36 eO/xg] x'Fbf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf klg tbg's"n kl/dfh{g
/ kl/jt{g eO/xg'kb{5 . ljut jif{x?df ePsf cEof;x?n] klg sfo{ ljj/0fnfO{
;do ;dodf cBfjlws ub}{ hfg'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ .
91
kl/R5]b !#
dGqL / lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?aLrsf]
;DaGw
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& cg';f/ b]zsf] zf;g ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L
hglgjf{lrt k|ltlglw ;efk|lt pQ/bfoL dlGqkl/ifb\;Fu /x]sf] 5 . zf;g ;~rfngsf]
k|d'v ;fwgsf] ?kdf rflxF lghfdtL ;]jf /x]sf] 5 . dGqLx? tyf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?df Pscsf{sf] e"ldsf af/]df hlt /fd|f] ;dembf/L x'g ;Sof] zf;g
;~rfng plt /fd|f];Fu x'G5 . o; tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL dGqLx? tyf jl/i7
sd{rf/Lx?sf kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdf s]xL d"ne"t s'/fx? tn k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ M
-s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? hgtfsf ;]js x'g\ . pgLx?sf] d'Vo st{Jo hg
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{df ;xfotf
k'¥ofpg' xf] . ;/sf/sf gLlt / lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog ug'{ tyf ;/sf/L
gLltcg'?k hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg' klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?sf] st{Jo xf] .
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfg'gåf/f lgwf{l/t cGo sfo{x? klg ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] pQm st{Josf] kfng g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtnfO{
Wofgdf /fVb} of]Uotf, lgi7f, lgikIftf / O{dfGbfl/tfk"j{s, tyf hgtfaf6
p7]sf] /fh:jsf] clwstd lskmfot / ;b'kof]u x'g] 9Ëaf6 ug'{kb{5 .
-v_ cfkm\gf] st{Jokfngdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? ;+ljwfgdf lglxt k|hftflGqs d"No
/ dfGotfx?k|lt lgi7fjfg\ t/ bnut /fhgLltb]lv eg] t6:y /xg'kb{5 .
lghfdtL ;]jf ;Qfdf /x]sf /fhgLlts g]t[Tjaf6 ul/Psf] lg0f{onfO{ k|efjsf/L
?kn] sfof{lGjt ug]{ ;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] pkfb]otf, o;sf]
lgikIftf / o;n] jiff}+{b]lv ;Fufn]sf] cg'ej / bIftfdf cfwfl/t 5 .
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lgikIftfdf cf3ft eof] eg] To;sf] k|lts"n k|efj b]zn]
ckgfPsf] k|hftflGqs Joj:yfdfly g} kg{ ;Sg] 5 . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/
h'g;'s} /fhgLlts bnsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfg'g tyf sfg'gåf/f
lgjf{lrt ;/sf/k|lt ;b}j jkmfbf/ /xg'kb{5 . ;fy} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]
cfkm\gf] of]Uotf, Odfgbf/L / lgikIftfåf/f ;/sf/df /x]sf dGqLx?sf] dfq
xf]Og, b]zsf hgtfsf] ;d]t ljZjf; lhTg ;Sg'kb{5 . o; d"ne"t tYok|lt
b]zsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj ;b}j ;r]t /xg'kg]{ x'G5 . / hgtfsf] gh/df
sd{rf/Lx?sf] /fhgLlts t6:ytfdf zª\sf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf] s'g}
klg sfd ug{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ bafa jf lgb]{zg lbg' x'Fb}g . lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] klg s'g} lg0f{o lnFbf jf sfo{ ubf{ cfkm\gf] JolQmut /fhgLlts
ljrf/df cf3ft knf{ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fvL s'g} sfo{ ug]{ jf gug]{ jf s'g}
lg0f{o lng] jf glng] ug'{ x'Fb}g .
92
-u_ gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L dGqLx?sf] xf] . o; sfo{df lghfdtL
;]jfsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs e"ldsf x'Fb}g . t/ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] gLlt lgwf{/0f
ug]{ sfo{df dGqLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf, lgikIf ;Nnfx /
cfkm\gf cg'ejx? Pj+ ljrf/ lgeL{s ?kdf k|:t't ug'{kb{5 . o; sfo{df
lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ;"rgf hfgL a'emL n'sfPdf jf glbPdf, cfk"mnfO{
nfu]sf] pko'Qm ;Nnfx jf ;'emfj JoQm gu/]df jf cfk"mnfO{ dg gk/]sf]
sf/0faf6 gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{df afwf cj/f]w jf l9nfO u/]df lghfdtL
sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] st{Jo / dof{bf eË u/]sf] x'g] 5 .
-3_ jl/i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] dGqL ;dIf ljleGg ljifox?df lgeL{s eP/
cfkm\gf] /fo jf ;Nnfx k|:t't ug'{kb{5 . dGqLnfO{ o:tf] /fo jf ;Nnfx dg
kg]{ 5}g jf c¿lrs/ x'g] 5 jf dGqL ¿i6 x'g] ;Defjgf 5 eGg] wf/0ff
/fvL cfkm\gf] /fo jf ;Nnfx k|:t't ug{ jf gug{ x'Fb}g . t/ s'g} s'/fdf
dGqLaf6 lg0f{o ePkl5 pQm lg0f{o cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / /fo ;Nnfxcg'?k geP
klg, o:tf] lg0f{o cfkm\g} lg0f{o xf] eGg] wf/0ff /fvL To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{
jf ;kmn t'Nofpg] sfo{df lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? bQlrQ /xg'kb{5 .
-ª_ dGqLn] klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx? s]jn cfk"mnfO{ ¿lrs/ x'g] /fo jf ;Nnfx
lbg dfq /x]sf xf]Ogg\ a¿ pgLx?af6 lgeL{s, :ki6, lgikIf / j:t'ut
cfwf/df ;Nnfx k|fKt ePdf, ;/sf/ / cfkm\g} lxtsf] ;+j4{g x'g] 5 eGg]
b[li6sf]0f ckgfpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
-r_ dGqL / sd{rf/Lx?aLr /x]sf] ljZjf;df ;/sf/sf] bIftf lge{/ x'g] ePsf]n]
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx?n] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] qmddf yfxf ePsf ;a} ;"rgfx?
uf]Ko /fVg'kb{5 . ;"rgfx?sf] uf]kgLotf h'g;'s} p2]Zon] eË u/] tfklg
lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otn] lghx?n] k|fKt u/]sf] ljZjf;df s'7f/f3ft kg]{
5 . uf]kgLotfsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf] cfwf/df o:tf sd{rf/Lx?dfly sf/afxL
ul/g'kb{5 .
-5_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ clgoldt sfo{ ug{ s'g} klg txaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf]
bafa lbg' x'Fb}g . sd{rf/Lx?n] klg dof{bfk"0f{ 9Ën] o:tf] bafjsf] k|ltsf/
ug'{k5{ .
93
kl/R5]b !$
cfjZostfeGbf a9L sd{rf/L M ;d:of
/ ;dfwfg
!$=! ljifo k|j]z
;/sf/L sfof{no / ;+:yfgx?df sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof sfdeGbf w]/} a9L
5 eGg] ;fdfGo wf/0ffsf] k'li6 :jo+ ;lrjx? tyf ;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L k|d'vx?n]
cfof]u ;dIf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfof]usf s]xL ;b:ox?sf] lHfNnf e|d0fdf klg
ljleGg sfof{no k|d'v / cGo JolQmx?n] lhNnf / If]qLo ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df
cfjZostfeGbf a9L sd{rf/L (Overstaffing) /x]sf] s'/f JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
k|zf;gdf bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / ldtJolotf Nofpgdf of] 7"nf] afws tÎjsf] ?kdf
b]vf k/]sf] 5 h;sf] k|ltkmn M
-s_ sfof{nox?df sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f k|lts"n eP/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] bItf /
dgf]andf x|f; cfPsf] 5 .
-v_ ;/sf/, ;/sf/L sfof{no / sd{rf/Lx?k|lt hgtfsf] cjwf/0ff / 5lj
lau|]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ ;/sf/sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf k|lts"n k|efj k/]sf] 5 .
-u_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;d'lrt tna / ;'ljwf lbg] ;/sf/sf] Ifdtf 36\g uPsf]5 .
-3_ ljsf;df nufgL ug{sf nflu pknAw ;/sf/L wg/fzL sd x'g uPsf] 5 .
-ª_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] nfut vr{ a9\g uO{ pkef]Qmfx?dfly cgfjZos af]em
ylkg uPsf] 5 .
!$=@ b/aGbL s6f}tL

;/sf/L ;ª\u7gnfO{ a9L bIf, 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L agfpg] p2]Zon] cfly{s jif{
@)%).%! leq >L % sf] ;/sf/df /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ :yfoL kbx?sf] ;ª\Vofdf @%
k|ltztn] s6f}tL ul/g'kb{5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] dGqfnox? Pj+ cGo lgsfox?af6
k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ xfn !,)@,&$$ :yfoL kbx? 5g\ -cg';"rL #_ . ltgnfO{ pQm
cjlwdf 36fP/ &&,))) sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
!$=# b/aGbL s6f}tL ubf{ ckgfOg] pkfox? M

pQm nIf k|fKt ug{ lgDglnlvt pkfox?sf] cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 M
94
-s_ ;/sf/n] xfn ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] cf}lrTo / cfjZostfdfly k'g/fjnf]sg

u/LM
qm=;+= sfo{ ljj/0f ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw
! ;/sf/n] ug{ cfjZos gkg]{ sfo{x?af/] @)$* r}q !% ut];Dddf
gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{
@ lgwf{l/t gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ @)%) cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf
-v_ ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\u7gfTds ;'wf/ ug]{ M clanDa ;'¿ u/L @)$(
r}q d;fGt;Dddf ;DkGg
ul/g'kb{5 .
!= dGqfno :t/
@= ljefuLo :t/
#= If]qLo :t/ / c~rn :t/
$= lhNnf / ;f]eGbf d'lgsf lgsfox?
-u_ cgfjZos sfof{nox? tyf sfof{no * @)$( ciff9 d;fGt;Dddf
leqsf PsfOx?sf] klxrfg / vf/]hL
-3_ dGqfnox?df sfdsf] tx 36fpg] @)$( ;fn cfiff9
d;fGt;Dddf nfu"
ul/;Sg'kb{5 .
-ª_ sfo{ljlwdf ;/nLs/0f ug]{ t'¿Gt} k|f/De u/L qmdzM
nfu" ub}{ hfg'kb{5 .
-r_ Pp6f lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{non] PseGbf @)$( cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf
a9L lhNnfdf ;]jf k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{
-5_ ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df kbx?sf] ;ª\Vof ;se/ rfF8} k|f/De u/L
sfo{af]em cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ qmlds ?kdf nfu" ub}{
hfg] .
* dGqfnonfO{ ;d]t hgfpg] 5 .
!$=$ r/0fa4 ?kdf kb ;ª\Vof 36fpg]

dfly bkmf !$=@ df pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ kbx?sf] ;ª\Vof 36fpg] nIo k"/f ug{
tLg jif{leq lgDglnlvt sfo{x? r/0fa4 ?kdf ul/g'kb{5 M
!$=$=! k|yd jif{ -@)$*–@)$(_
-s_ o; cfly{s jif{sf nflu gofF egf{df /f]s nufpg] .
95
-v_ o; cfly{s jif{el/ s'g} klg gofF kb ;[hgf gug]{ .

-u_ Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd ul//x]sf k|zf;sLo sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;dfKt ug]{ .
-3_ kl/of]hgf ;dfKt eO;s]kl5 klg xflh/ u/fO{ tna v'jfO/flvPsf
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;dfKt ug]{ .
-ª_ kl/of]hgf;Fu ;Da4 gePsf tyf ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf c:yfoL kbx?sf]
Dofb gjLs/0f gug]{ .
-r_ :yfoL kbdf egf{ ul/Psf c:yfoL sd{rf/LnfO{ Dofb e'Qmfg ePkl5
k'gM lgo'Qm gug]{ .
-5_ cgfjZos b]lvg cfPsf sfof{nox? vf/]h ug]{ .
-h_ /Ltk"j{s ;[hgf ePsf] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lafx]s c?nfO{ vf/]h
ug]{ .
-em_ ljleGg dGqfnox?cGtu{t xfn l/Qm /x]sf !%*$* kbx? -lghfdtL
lstfavfgfcg';f/, cg';"rL %_dWo] cTofjZos b]lvPsf kbx?df
dGqfnocGtu{t xfn axfn /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 k"lt{ ug]{ / cGo
kbx? vf/]h ug]{ .
-`_ dGqfno, ljefu tyf If]qLo lgb]{zgfno :t/df /x]sf] s'n b/aGbL
;ª\Vofdf ## k|ltztn] s6f}tL u/L gofF ;ª\u7gfTds 9fFrf tof/ ug]{ .
oL sfof{nox?df xfn !(,#$% kbx? /x]sf]df ltgnfO{ 36fO{ !@,())
sfod ug]{ .
-6_ s6f}tL ePsf kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dGqfnocGtu{t xfn l/Qm
/x]sfdWo] cfjZos b]lvPsf ldNbf] kbx?df ;¿jf ug]{ . pQm ;a}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ldnfpg dGqfnocGtu{t kof{Kt ;ª\Vofdf kb vfnL
gePdf lghx?nfO{ cGo dGqfnocGtu{tsf vfnL tyf cfjZos ldNbf]
kbdf ldnfpg] . o;sf nflu dGqfnox?n] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] gfd
gfd];L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg] .
-7_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ o;/L ldnfg ul/;s]kl5
klg vfnL /xg cfpg] kbx?sf ;DaGwdf, tL kbx?sf] cfjZostfaf/]
5fglag ug]{ / cgfjZos b]lvPsf kbx? vf/]h ug]{ . cfjZos
ePsf l/Qm kbx?df ;f]xL dGqfnocGtu{t /x]sf cgfjZos kbdf
sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?af6 k"lt{ ug]{ / To:tf cgfjZos kbx? vf/]h ug]{ .
-8_ oftfoft / ;~rf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;Dej b]lvPdf Pp6f lhNnf
sfof{non] cfkm";Fu hf]l8Psf] lhNnfdf klg ;]jf k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
96
-9_ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf a'Fbfx? sfof{lGjt ubf{ sfddf s'g} afwf jf
c8rg kg{ cfPdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] cf}lrTo x]/L ;f] km'sfpg
;Sg] .
-0f_ :j]lR5s cjsfz lng rfxg] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;'ljwf lbg] .
!$=$=@ bf];|f] jif{ -@)$(–%)_
-s_ dfly bkmf !$=# df pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{x?dWo] k|yd jif{df ;DkGg
eO;s]sf sfdx?afx]s kbx? 36fpg] qmd hf/L /fVg] .
-v_ o; jif{leq vfnL x'g] kbx?dWo] a9Ldf %) k|ltzt dfq k"lt{ ug]{ / cGo
kbx? vf/]h ug]{ .
-u_ o; jif{ s'g} gofF kb cfjZos k/]df cltl/Qm kbx? ;[hgf gu/L xfn
/x]sf kbx?af6 b/aGbL ;fg]{ .
!$=$=# t];|f] jif{ -@)%)–%!_
@)$(–%) sf] qmd hf/L /fVg]
!$=% sfof{Gjog sfo{bn

dfly bkmf !$=# / !$=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{x? k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]uåf/f
lgwf{l/t gLlt / l;4fGtcg'?k ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / cGo ;DalGwt
dGqfnox?n] ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . oL sfo{x? u/fpgsf nflu ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnodf ;lrj jf cltl/Qm ;lrjsf] dftxtdf Ps sfo{bn u7g ul/g'kb{5 . o;
sfo{bnn] d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf cy{ ;lrj / ;fdfGo k|zf;g ;lrj ;d]t /x]sf]
Ps ;ldltsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zgdf sfd ug{'kb{5 .
!$=^ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df ;d]t b/aGbL s6f}tL ug]{

;a} dGqfnox?n] cfkm\gf ;Da4 ;/sf/L ;+:yfgdf klg bkmf !$=# / !$=$ df
n]lvPsf pkfox?sf] oyfzL3| cjnDag u/L cfjZostfeGbf a9L sd{rf/Lsf]
;ª\Vofdf sdL Nofpg'kb{5 .
!$=& ljljw
-s_ dfly bkmf !$=$ df n]lvPcg';f/ vf/]hdf kg]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lghx?n] sfd
u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] Ps dlxgfsf b/n] lghx?n] vfO{kfO{ /x]sf] tna
a/fa/sf] pkbfg lbg'kb{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm vf/]hdf k/]sf sd{rf/Lx?n]
lgodfg';f/ kfpg] ;'ljwf ;d]t lbOg'kb{5 .
97
-v_ eljiodf b/aGbL geO{sg sd{rf/L egf{ ug{ / sfof{no vf/]h eO;s]kl5
klg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ oyfjt\\ /flvg' x'Fb}g .
-u_ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf ljleGg >]0fLsf kbx? tyf ltgdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;ª\Vof olsg ug{ b]xfocg'?k ljj/0f ;ª\sng ug{ cf/De ul/Psf] sfo{
clanDa ;DkGg ul/g'kb{5 .
kbsf] gfd, bhf{, :yfoL÷c:yfoL, sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, z}lIfs of]Uotf, sd{rf/Lsf]
pd]/, ;]jf cjlw / lgo'lQmsf] k|sf/ -:yfoL÷c:yfoL÷Hofnfbf/L_
98
kl/R5]b !%
;/sf/L sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwdf

;/nLs/0f
!%=! ljifo k|j]z
k|zf;g oGqnfO{ l56f], 5l/tf], k|efjsf/L / hgd'vL agfpg ljBdfg cfGtl/s sfo{
k|0ffnLnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . hgtfsf cfjZostf tyf rfxgfcg'?k
k|zf;gaf6 ck]lIft ;xof]u k|fKt x'g g;s]sf]n] k|zf;gk|lt hgtf pbfl;g /x]sf
5g\ / ltgsf] b}lgs lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x?df cgfjZos sfo{ljlw
cjnDag ug'{kg]{ afWotf b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy} >L % sf] ;/sf/n] hg;dIf k'¥ofpg]
;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx? ;/n, ;'ne tyf k|efjsf/L ?kdf k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
ctM >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox?df ljBdfg hl6n sfo{ k|0ffnL /
sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;/nLs/0f u/L hgtfsf] rfxgfcg'?ksf] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpg jf~5gLo 5 .
!%=@ ljBdfg ;d:of

ljBdfg sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ k|zf;gdf b]xfosf ;d:ofx?
b]lvG5g\ M
-s_ ;fgf ;fgf s'/fdf ;d]t l6Kk0fL p7fpg] k|rngn] ubf{ lg0f{odf w]/} ;do
nfUg] u/]sf] 5 .
-v_ s'g} s'g} dGqfnodf clxn] klg ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Laf6 lg0f{o k|lqmofsf]
-l6Kk0fL_ p7fg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cgfjZos /
cg'Tkfbs tx ylkg uPsf] 5 .
-u_ s'g} Ps ljifodf lg0f{o ul/Fbf ^.^ tx;Ddsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+nUgtf x'g'kg]{
k|lqmof b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg x'g afwf k/]sf] 5 .
-3_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Josf] k|i6 pNn]v / clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgsf] ;d'lrt
Joj:yf gePaf6 ;fgf ;fgf s'/f klg dflyNnf] tx;Dd k'¥ofpg'kbf{ ;do d}
sfo{ km:of]{6 x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} o;n] ubf{ cfkm\gf] kbcg'?ksf]
pQ/bfloTj jxg gu/L sd{rf/Lx?df lhDd]jf/L kG5fpg] k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 .
-ª_ ;fgfltgf sfddf klg nfdf] tyf cgfjZos sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlw
cjnDag ug'{k/]sf]n] sfddf l9nfO x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
99
-r_ hgtfsf] b}lgs lqmofsnfk;Fu ;DalGwt s'/fdf cgfjZos tyf hl6n

kmf/dx?sf] k|of]u / l;kmfl/;sf k|fjwfg /flvPsfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf hgtfn]
l9nf;':tL / lememf]kgsf] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ .
-5_ ;fgfltgf sfddf klg lhNnfaf6 sf7df8f}F cfpg'kg]{ afWotfn] ubf{ a9L ;do
nfUg] / vlr{nf] ;d]t x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
-h_ Ps}k6s lg0f{o u/]/ 6'ª\Uofpg;Sg] s'/fdf klg k6s k6s lg0f{o ug]{
kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ lg0f{odf cgfjZos l9nfO x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
-em_ hgtfnfO{ k/]sf] lk/dsf{;DaGwL ph'/L lgj]bg ;'Gg] ;zQm lgsfosf] cefjn]
ubf{ k|zf;gk|lt hgtf pbfl;g / xtf; /x]sf 5g\ .
-`_ sltko sfof{nox?df ef}lts ;fwgsf] cefj jf ePsf ;fwgsf] ;b'kof]u
gx'g] jf To:tf ;fwgsf] dd{t ;Def/k|ltsf] pbfl;gtfn] ubf{ l56f] 5l/tf]
?kdf ;DkGg x'g ;Sg] sfo{x?df klg l9nf;':tL x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
!%=# ;dfwfgsf pkfo

dGqfno / cGtu{tsf sfof{nox?sf] sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwnfO{ l56f] tyf 5l/tf]
agfO{ k|zf;gdf bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ lgDg pkfox? cjnDag
ul/g'kb{5 M
!%=#=! lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofdf xfn /x]sf txsf] ;ª\Vof 36fpg]
-s_ l6Kk0fL p7fO{ lg0f{o ul/g] ljifodf lg0f{ostf{ / ;'¿ sf/afxL ug]{
clws[tsf aLrdf csf]{ Ps tx dfq sfod u/L txx? 36fpg] .
o:tf] ubf{ dGqfnodf ;lrj clgjfo{ ?kdf /xg] u/L / cGodf k|yd
>]0fL, låtLo >]0fL / t[tLo >]0fLsf txx?dWo]af6 b'O{ tx ;d]t /fvL
tLg txsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 / kbf]Ggltsf nflu sfod ul/Psf
txnfO{ :jtM lg0f{osf tx dflgg' x'Fb}g . o; Joj:yfnfO{ dGqfnosf]
dxfzfvf tyf zfvfsf] sfdsf] k|s[lt, dxÎj tyf cfjZostfcg';f/
km]/abn ul/g] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . t/ s'g} klg cj:yfdf # txeGbf a9L
tx /xg' x'Fb}g . s]xL dGqfnox?sf] lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Fbf
x:tfIf/ ug]{afx]s # txeGbf a9L sd{rf/Lx?sf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf
of]ubfg ePsf] kfOPg .
o;/L g} ljefudf klg ljefuLo k|d'v ;d]t u/L lg0f{o ug{ a9Ldf #
txsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ dGqfno / dGqfnocGtu{tsf ljefux?n] pk/f]Qm k|s/0f -s_ cg';f/
cfcfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] gofF ;ª\u7g tflnsf th'{df ug]{ .
100
!%=#=@ lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ :t/o'Qm agfpg]

-s_ dGqfno tyf ljefux?df lg0f{o lnOg] k|lqmofsf] p7fg clws[t
:t/af6 ug]{ .
-v_ dGqfno tyf ljefux?df /fhkqfª\lst / /fhkq cgª\lst sd{rf/L -
lkog, 8«fOe/, dfnL, kfn]afx]s_ sf] cg'kft !M! df ga9g] u/L
Joj:yf ug]{ . ;xfos sd{rf/Lx?sf] u'0ffTds j[l4sf] nflu ltgnfO{
kmfOn /fVg], 6fOk tyf l6kf]6 ug]{, sDKo'6/ rnfpg] cflb ljifosf]
tflnd lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-u_ dGqfnosf] ;ª\u7g cgfjZos ?kdf af]lemnf] gb]lvg] u/L sfdsf]
k|sf/ / sfo{af]emnfO{ b[li6ut u/L dGqfnosf] dxfzfvf, zfvf, kmfF6,
PsfOnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ Pscsf{df ufEg], vf/]h ug]{ jf kl/jt{g
u/L dGqfnosf] cfsf/ ;se/ ;fgf] ug]{ .
-3_ lkog :t/af6 ul/g] sfdsf] k|s[lt 36fO{ ltgsf] ;ª\Vof sd ug]{ .
kfgL kfpg] / lrof rd]gf vfg] :yfg ;se/ ;a}nfO{ cg's"n kg]{ u/L
Ps} 7fpFdf ldnfpg] . kmfOn Ps 6]a'naf6 csf]{ 6]a'ndf clws[t
cfkm}n] k'¥ofpg] .
!%=#=# clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf ug]{
-s_ dlGqkl/ifb\df k]; ug'{kg]{ / gLltut ljifox?afx]s cGo ljifo;DaGwL
clwsf/ dGqLåf/f ;lrjnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ul/g'kg]{ .
-v_ dGqL ;dIf k]; ug'{kg]{ ljifo / dGqfno tyf dftxtsf sfof{nox?sf]
;~rfng;DaGwL clt dxÎjk"0f{ ljifox?afx]s cGo ljifosf ;DaGwdf
cfkm\gf] ;a} clwsf/ ;lrjn] cltl/Qm ;lrj / ;x;lrjnfO{ k|Tofof]hg
ug]{ . ;fy} cGo ljleGg txsf clws[tx?nfO{ klg cfcfkm\gf] txaf6
sfd km:of]{6 ug{ ;Sg] u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ . ;lrjn]
dGqfnosf] gLltut ljifodf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{ .
!%=#=$ l6Kk0fL p7fO{ lg0f{o ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;Lldt ug]{
-s_ dlGqkl/ifb\df k]; x'g], cfly{s lgsf;f, d'2f dfldnf / 7]Ssf k§f
h:tf ljifox?df dfq l6Kk0fL p7fpg] . c? ljifodf cgf}krfl/s
5nkmn u/L jf sfof{nodf k|fKt kqx?df g} tf]s cfb]z u/L lg0f{o
lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ dGqfnoleqsf dxfzfvf÷zfvf;Fu jf cGo sfof{no, ljefu cyjf
dGqfnosf] /fo k|ltlqmof dfu ubf{ kqfrf/sf] ;§f ;DalGwt
101
clwsf/Lx?sf] a}7såf/f jf 6]lnkmf]g jftf{åf/f /fo k|ltlqmofnfO{ l6kf]6

k|dfl0ft u/fO{ ;f] cfwf/df sf/afxL ug]{ .
-u_ s'g} ljifodf sf/afxL ubf{ dflyNnf] txsf kbflwsf/Laf6 /fo JoQm
eO;s]kl5 k'gM ;f]eGbf tNnf] txsf] /fo lng] Joj:yfnfO{ x6fpg] .
h:t} M ljefuLo k|d'v jf kl/of]hgf k|d'vn] /fo lbO;s]kl5 dGqfno
jf ljefudf lgheGbf d'lgsf txn] ;f];DaGwL sf/afxL gp7fpg]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ dlGqkl/ifb\df :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]; ug'{kg]{ ljifodf afx]s dGqfno /
cGtu{tsf sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;¿jf, kb:yfkg, cWoog,
tflndsf] 5gf]6, cflb h:tf lgoldt ljifox?df lg0f{o ul/Fbf
dGqfno÷ljefusf ;DalGwt dxfzfvf÷zfvf k|d'vx?sf aLr /fo
;Nnfxåf/f ug]{ Joj:yf ckgfpg] .
-ª_ dGqfno tyf ljefusf zfvf, dxfzfvfx? / ltgdf sfo{/t
clws[tx?sf] gfd / 6]lnkmf]g gDa/ ePsf] 8fO/]S6/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnon] tof/ u/L ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] / o;nfO{
k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf cBfjlws ug]{ .
-r_ s'g} klg sfof{nodf kqfrf/ ;se/ ;f] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{
;Daf]wg u/L ug]{ . o;f] ug{ g;lsPdf dfq zfvf jf dxfzfvfsf]
gfdaf6 kqfrf/ ug]{ . sfof{nosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf
JolQmsf] gfdsf kqx?nfO{ ;DalGwt dxfzfvf zfvfdf btf{ u/L
sf/afxL p7fpg] .
-5_ s'g} 5nkmn, a}7sdf efu lnFbf jf k7fpFbf ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{
clwsf/ kfPsf] JolQm dfq efu lng] Joj:yf ug]{ . o;/L 5nkmn,
a}7sdf ePsf] lg0f{odf ;DalGwt JolQmn] b:tvt u/]kl5 ;f]df lghn]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ sfof{nosf] ;xdlt ;d]t ePsf] dfGg] / ;f]xL cfwf/df
To;af/] sf/afxL p7fpg] .
!%=#=% k|To]s sd{rf/Lsf] sfd tyf st{Jo :ki6 ug]{
-s_ k|To]s kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / k|Tofof]lht clwsf/;d]t lj:t[t ?kdf
v'Ng] u/L ;a} dGqfno / ljefun] lbUbz{g tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ .
k|To]s jif{ o;df cfjZos yk36 u/L cBfjlws agfpg] .
-v_ h'g;'s} gofF kb jf b/aGbL ;[hgf ug'{cl3 ;f] kbn] s] s] sfd
ug'{kg]{ xf] To;sf] :ki6 ?k/]vf cyf{t\ sfo{ ljj/0f -Job
Description_ tof/ u/L b/aGbL ;[hgf ug]{ u/fpg] / ;f] kbdf
102
kb:yfkgf eOcfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ lgwf{l/t sfo{ ljj/0fcg';f/ g} sfddf

nufpg] .
!%=#=^ sfof{nox?df sfo{ljlw, sfo{ ;do, sfo{:yn / cGo ljifox?df
;'wf/ ug]{
-s_ dGqfno / ljefudf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] btf{ k|0ffnLsf] cGTo ug{ d"n btf{
rnfgLnfO{ vf/]h ug]{ . dGqfno ljefu jf sfof{nosf] gfddf dfq
n]lvPsf] kq jf lgj]bg cfGtl/s k|zf;g zfvfn] x]/L h'g
kbflwsf/L;Fu ;DalGwt 5 ;f]xL :yfgdf k7fpg] .
-v_ >L % sf] ;/sf/cGtu{tsf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ;+:yfgn] sfdsf]
l;nl;nfdf cGo s'g} dGqfno jf sfof{no;Fu kqfrf/ ubf{ xfn
;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfnodfkm{t ug'{kg]{ afWotf x6fO{ ;f]em} ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg]
ug]{ .
-u_ ljutdf sf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf] Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf kq
cfbfg k|bfg ug{ x'nfs ;]jf ljefun] 8Ffs 9'jfgLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]
lyof] . of] Joj:yf kg'M nfu" ul/Pdf lkogsf] ;ª\Vofdf s6f}tL ug{
;lsg] / kqx? klg ;dodf a'emfpg ;lsg] x'G5 . ctM xfnnfO{
pkTosfleq of] Joj:yf nfu" u/L cGo lhNnfdf klg qmlds ?kdf
nfu" ub}{ n}hfg] .
-3_ df]6/sf] ;'ljwf kfpg] clws[tx?nfO{ k|ltdlxgf lghx?n] pkof]u ug{
kfpg] OGwgsf] kl/df0f tf]Sg] / nua's /fVg] Joj:yf vf/]h ug]{ .
-ª_ xfn ljz]if u/L ;¿jf / kbf]Ggltsf] sf/0faf6 a]nf a]nfdf sd{rf/L
kl/rokq km]l//xg'kg]{ Joj:yf vlr{nf] x'g'sf] ;fy} To;af6 sd{rf/L
tyf ;DalGwt sfof{no b'j}nfO{ c;lhnf] kl//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] gfd,
y/, jtg / sd{rf/L gDa/nfO{ oyfjt\ /xg] u/L ablnPsf] kb /
sfof{nosf] gfd dfq kl/jt{g x'g] u/L sd{rf/L kl/rokqnfO{ :yfoL
?k lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-r_ h'g;'s} kqnfO{ clt uf]Ko tyf uf]Ko n]Vg] kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ ;dodf
sf/afxL ug{ afwf k/]sf] x'Fbf ;/sf/L lr7Lx?nfO{ cgfjZos ?kdf
uf]Ko gagfpg] .
-5_ s'g} kl/kq Ps cfly{s jif{;Ddsf] nflu dfq nfu" ug]{ . Ps jif{eGbf
a9L ;dosf] nflu nfu" ug]{ kl/kqnfO{ lgoddf Joj:yf ug]{ .
-h_ s'g} sd{rf/L sfof{nodf gcfPsf] cj:yfdf lghn] ul/cfPsf] sfd
g/f]lsg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf sfof{no k|d'vn] clgjfo{ ?kn] ldnfpg] .
103
-em_ cGt/ lgsfox?sf] a}7s / hg;Dks{sf] ;do ;fwf/0ftof # ah]kl5

dfq ug]{ .
-`_ dGqfno / cGtu{t sfof{non] cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|jfx (Workflow) cg';f/
sfof{nosf] sfo{:yn (Layout) sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-6_ ;fj{hlgs ;Dks{ w]/} x'g] sfof{nox?df kmf]6f]skLsf] ;'ljwf ;se/
sfof{nosf] xftfleq lghL If]qaf6 ;~rfng x'g] Joj:yf ug{ ;DalGwt
sfof{non] g} :yfg pknAw u/fOlbg] .
-7_ hg;Dks{ tyf ;"rgf zfvf / ;]jf k|bfg ul/g] PsfO sfof{no
ejgsf] ;a}n] ;lhn};Fu b]Vg] 7fpFdf /fVg] . sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf
sfof{non] ug]{ sfo{ ljj/0f tyf ckgfOg] sfo{ k|lqmof ;lhnf];Fu
k9\g ;Sg] u/L n]Vg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-8_ k|To]s sfof{nodf hg;Dks{;DaGwL sfd ug{ sd{rf/L tf]Sg] . lghn]
;f] sfof{nodf ul/g] sfd, sfd u/fpg] k|lqmof / sfo{ ug]{ zfvf jf
JolQm ;DaGwdf hgtfnfO{ ;xL hfgsf/L lbg] .
-9_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] sfof{no ;doeGbf cl3kl5 klg sfof{nodf
a9L cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ rfx]df lghnfO{ To:tf] sfo{ ug{ lbg]
Joj:Yff x'g'kg]{ .
-0f_ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s'g} vf; kf];fs
nufpg'kg]{ k];fut clgjfo{tf ePdf afx]s ;fwf/0ftof df};dcg';f/sf]
e8\lsnf] gx'g] u/L :j]R5fn] t/ dfof{lbt kf];fs nufpg ;Sg] ug]{ .
!%=#=& hg;fwf/0f;Fu ;Dks{ x'g] sfof{nox?sf] sfo{ljlwdf ;'wf/ ug]{
-s_ s'g} sfof{nodf hfFbf ;DalGwt JolQmn] cfkm\gf] sfuh kl5kl5 nfu"
lg0f{o u/fpg] kl/kf6L ;dfKt u/L ;DalGwt sfo{sf nflu lhDd]jf/
kbflwsf/L (Contact Person) ;Fu g} ;Dks{ /fvL sfd 6'ª\Uofpg] u/L
Ps sd{rf/L k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{ .
-v_ k|ltlnlk k|dfl0ft u/fpg'kg]{ ePdf ;Ssn x]/L ;DalGwt sfof{nosf
clws[tn] g} k|dfl0ft ul/lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu lzIff
dGqfnodf 5fqj[lQsf] lgj]bg;Fu k]; ug'{kg]{ ;a} sfuhkqsf] ;Ssn
k|:t't ul/Pkl5 tT;DaGwL k|ltlnlkx?df ;DalGwt zfvfsf sd{rf/Ln]
k|dfl0ft ul/lbg] .
-u_ ljleGg sfdsf] nflu clws[t :t/af6 l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{
;Dej eP;Dd x6fpg] . h:t}–/fxbfgLsf] kmf/ddf clws[t :t/af6
l;kmfl/; u/fpg'kg]{ afWotf .
104
-3_ 6]lnkmf]g, lah'nL, wf/f h:tf ;]jfsf] dx;'n a}ª\sdf jf kfos kg]{
Ps} :yfgdf a'emfpg ;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-ª_ sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g] kqx?nfO{ k|zf;sLo sfo{ km:of]{6 lgodx?,
@)@^ df Joj:yf ePcg';f/ ;dod} km:of]{6 ug]{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
æt'¿GtÆ n]lvPsf]df cfkm}n] sfd km:of]{6 ug'{kg]{df cfkm" ;dIf k]; ePs}
lbg / ;f]wk'5sf] nflu cfPsf]df & lbgleq hjfkm lbg'kg]{ cflb . of]
sfo{ u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g'kg]{ .
-r_ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf hgtfnfO{ k/]sf] lk/dsf{ tyf
u'gf;f] / sfdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lbOPsf ;'emfjnfO{ sfof{no
k|d'vn] x]/L Ps xKtfleq 6'Ëf] nufpg] .
-5_ ;/sf/L sfof{nodf a'emfpg'kg]{ ;fgfltgf /sdsf] nflu klg a}ª\sdf
hfg'kg]{ afWotfnfO{ x6fpg k|To]s ;/sf/L sfof{non] kfFr xhf/
¿lkofF;Dd gub} lng ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . h:t}–Ohfhtkq b:t'/,
kf]:6 aS; b:t'/, kf;kf]6{ b:t'/ cflb .
-h_ sfof{nox?df k|of]udf NofOPsf kmf/dx?nfO{ 5f]6f] / ;a}n] a'e\mg
;Sg], sd k|lt rflxg] / b:tvt klg yf]/} JolQmn] ug'{kg]{ u/L
;/nLs/0f ug]{ .
!%=#=* hg;fwf/0f;Fu ;DaGw ePsf cGo ljifox?sf] sfo{ljlw ;/nLs/0f
ug]{
-s_ kmd{, sDkgL xfn ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{noaf6 h:t} jfl0fHo ljefu,
pBf]u ljefu, 3/]n' ljefu, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu, s[lif ljefu
cflbaf6 /lh:6«];g x'g] ul/Psf]df of] sfo{ Pp6} sfof{noaf6 x'g]
Joj:yf ldnfpg] . -o; ;DaGwdf ul/g'kg]{ Joj:yf kl/R5]b $ df
;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5_ .
-v_ xfn 3'DtL rnlrq / Rof/]l6 ;f] k|bz{gLsf] :jLs[lt / rnlrq k|bz{gL
/ ljt/0fsf] Ohfhtkq gjLs/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;~rf/ dGqfnoaf6
eO/x]sf]df oL sfo{x? lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
-u_ ;]jf lgj[Q sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] ;'ljwf ;/n ?kdf pknAw u/fpg
pkTosfafx]s cGo &@ lhNnfx?df sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nonfO{ k]G;gk§f / pkbfg lbg] clwsf/ ;'Dkg] .
-3_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] clgjfo{ cjsfz kfpFbf k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf -k]G;g÷
pkbfg_ sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfuhkq h:t} l;6/f]n -j}olQms
105
ljj/0f_ 5 5}g x]/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ pQm sfuhkq k]; ug{

cjsfz;DaGwL lgodfg';f/ ;"rgf lbFbf g} lghfdtL lstfavfgfn]
hfgsf/L lbg] .
-ª_ k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] nAwf°sf] k|ltlnlk / :yfgfGt/0f k|df0fkq
(Migration Certificate) lhNnf lzIff lg/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6} pknAw
u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-r_ sf7df8f}F pkTosfafx]s d'Vo d'Vo ;x/x? h:t} lj/f6gu/, jL/uGh,
kf]v/f, e}/xjf, g]kfnuGh / dx]Gb|gu/af6 klg /fxbfgL k|bfg ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!%=#=( ljljw
-s_ pmhf{sf] art ug{, sfof{nosf ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] x|f;df
(Wear and Tear) sdL Nofpg, cfk"mn] ug'{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf u/L
Ps}k6sdf (At a Stretch) ;DkGg ug]{ l:ylt ;[hgf ug{, ;ftfdf s'n
sfd ug]{ ;do (Working Hours) df g36\g] u/L cGt/f{li6«o
k|rngcg'?k ;/sf/L sfof{nodf xKtfsf] @ lbg zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/
labf x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . o;cg'?k sfof{no ;do laxfg (
ah]b]lv ck/fGx % ah];Dd ug]{ . lbpF;f] ! ah]b]lv !=#) ah];Dd
vfhf vfg] ;do tf]Sg] . h'g sfof{nodf a9L hg;Dks{ x'G5 To:tf
sfof{no -h:t} dfn c8\8f, wf/f, lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g dx;'n a'em\g]
sfof{no cflb_ cfOtjf/ vf]nL ;f]sf] ;§f cGo s'g} labf lbO{
ltgnfO{ klg xKtfsf] @ lbg labf kfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ cGo d'n'sx?åf/f cfkm\gf] :yfgLo ;dosf] lgwf{/0f lu|lGjr ;do;Fu
;fwf/0ftof 306f 306f jf cfwf 306f km/s x'g] u/L ldnfOPsf] 5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu ef/t / aª\unfb]zsf] ;do / lu|lGjrsf aLr qmdzM
;f9] kfFr / 5 306fsf] km/s 5 . g]kfnsf] ;do eg] kfFr 306f
k}FtfnL; ldg]6sf] km/s x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dks{;DaGwL lqmofsnfkdf cK7]/f] kl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{
cGt/f{li6«o k|rngcg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;do klg lu|lGjr ;doeGbf ;f9]
kfFr jf ^ 306f km/s x'g] u/L ldnfg ug]{tkm{ ljrf/ x'g'kb{5 .
!%=$ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;/nLs/0f ul/g'kg]{ If]qx?sf] klxrfg

pNn]v ul/Psf ljifox? sfo{ ;/nLs/0f;Fu ;Dalwt s]xL gd'gf dfq x'g\ . logsf]
sfof{Gjogsf ;fy} o:tf ljifox?sf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf klxrfg u/L ;/nLs/0f ub}{
hfg'kb{5 . o; sfo{sf nflu k|To]s dGqfnonfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf lhDd]jf/
106
u/fOg'kb{5 . cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ ljifodf sfo{ljlw ;/nLs/0f u/L ;/sf/L

vr{df lskmfot cyjf hgtfnfO{ a9L jf l56f] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg]
dGqfno, ljefu jf sfof{nonfO{ ;d'lrt k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
!%=% sfof{Gjog tflnsf

qm=;+= sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
-s_ dGqfno tyf ljefux?df ;a} dGqfnon] ;fdfGo @)$( ;fn
sfdsf] tx 36fpg] k|zf;g;Fu ;Dks{ /fvL c;f/
nfu" ul/;Sg] d;fGt;Dd
-v_ sfo{ljlw ;/nLs/0f ug]{ ;a} dGqfnox? t'¿Gt k|f/De
u/L qmdzM nfu"
ub}{ hfg] .
107
kl/R5]b !^
ah]6 tyf n]vf Joj:yf

!^=! ljifo k|j]z
cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL P]g lgodx? Hofb} hl6n eP ljsf;sf] sfddf cj/f]w v8f
x'G5 . Hofbf v's'nf] x'g uPdf /fli6«o wgsf] ckJoo x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . cfly{s
k|zf;gsf] If]qdf xfn b]xfosf ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf 5g\ .
!^=@ ;d:ofx?
!^=@=! ah]6 k|0ffnL
ah]6 k|:tfj ug]{, s6f}tL ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{ o'lQm;ª\ut cfwf/ tyf
;fna;fnL / k'FhLut ah]6 5'6\ofpg] lglZrt dfkb08sf] cefjdf
sfo{qmdd'vL ah]6 k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+;b\ ;dIf k|:t't
x'g] ah]6 ljj/0f k'l:tsfdf cfof]hgfsf] nfu" t, vr{, sfof{Gjog l:yltaf/]
s'g} tYofª\s g/x]sf] x'Fbf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
!^=@=@ lgsf;f
-s_ k]:sL jf ljlgof]hg P]g hf/L ePkl5 vr{ ug{ kfpg] clVtof/L, ah]6
afF8fkmfF6, ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf, sfo{qmd :jLs[lt cflb;DaGwL sfuhftx?
sfo{:yn;Dd k'¥ofpg l9nfO x'g] u/]sf] 5 . sfo{df s'g} /f]sfj6
gcfcf];\ eGgsf] nflu ut cfly{s jif{sf] vr{sf] !÷^ /sd ;'¿d}
;fk6L lbOg] u/]sf] eP klg, k|yd rf}dfl;s cjlwd} b;}F ltxf/ h:tf
kj{x?df tna eQf /sddf a9L vr{ x'g] / s}of}F sfo{qmd >fj0fb]lv
g} ;'¿ ug'{kg]{ afWotf x'Fbf pQm ;fk6L /sd ckof{Kt 5 .
-v_ j}b]lzs C0f jf cg'bfgsf] ;|f]t h'6fpg] jf ;f]wegf{ k|fKt ug]{
sfo{ljlw lglZrt u/L lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]xL gtf]lsPsf]n] lgsf;fsf]
nflu lhNnf lhNnfaf6 sd{rf/L s]Gb|af6 k6s k6s gcfO{ lgsf;f g}
x'Fb}g .
-u_ a]¿h' km:of]{6sf] nflu cGo Joj:yfaf6 s8fO ug'{kg]{df lgsf;f g}
/f]Sg] ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ ljsf; sfo{df cj/f]w cfPsf] 5 .
108
!^=@=# n]vf Joj:yf

k|rlnt ;|]:tf k|0ffnLdf lgDg sdhf]/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ gubL sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t ePsf] .
-v_ bft[ b]z, ;+:yfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ug{ g;Sg] .
-u_ sfo{qmdd'vL ah]6 k|0ffnLnfO{ tYofª\s pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] .
-3_ k]:sLnfO{ vr{ g} dfGg] u/]sf] .
-ª_ dfn;fdfg / ;DklQsf] lrq0f n]vf Joj:yfaf6 gx'g] .
-r_ vl/bkl5 ;fdfgsf] k|of]u geP klg vr{ g} dflgg] / k|ult b]vfOg] .
-5_ jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0fn] sfof{no jf of]hgfsf] cfo, Joo, w/f}6L,
lng'lbg' kg]{ lx;fa, ;DklQ, dfn;fdfgsf] e08f/ df}Hbft cflb
gb]vfpg] .
-h_ j}b]lzs ;xfotfåf/f ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx?df bft[ ;+:yfx?åf/f ePsf]
l;wf e'QmfgL (Direct Paymet) k|rlnt ;|]:tfdf ;dfj]z gx'g] .
!^=@=$ n]vf k/LIf0f / a]¿h' km:of]{6
-s_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fn] dGqfno, ljefu, sfof{nox?df ePsf] q'l6
;dod} klxNofO{ To;df cfjZos ;'wf/ u/L clGtd n]vf k/LIf0fnfO{
;3fp k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . t/ clGtd n]vf k/LIf0f ubf{ sfo{d"ns n]vf
k/LIf0fdf a9L Wofg lbg ;Sg] u/L cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f k|efjsf/L /
Jojl:yt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
-v_ n]vf k/LIf0f;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf k|of]udf gcfpFbf n]vf k/LIf0f a]¿h'df
Ps?ktf / :t/Lotf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . a]¿h' b]lvPsf]df P]g, lgod
jf cfb]zsf] :ki6 pNnª\3g pNn]v gu/L a]¿h' sfod ug]{ k/Dk/fn]
ubf{ ;+k/LIf0f ug{ u/fpg cK7fof/f] k/]sf] 5 .
-u_ n]vf k/LIf0fkl5 sfod ePsf a]¿h' km:of]{6 ug{ ;/sf/L /sd c;'n
km:of]{6 P]g / lgodn] Joj:yf u/] klg k|foMh;f] cfGtl/s n]vf
k/LIfsn] cf}FNofPsf] a]¿h' ;d]t ;+;b\;Dd g} k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 . o;n]
ubf{ n]vf ;ldltnfO{ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgsf ;a} kIfdf 5nkmn
u/L 6'ª\Uofpg ;dosf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 .
-3_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefuaf6 a]¿h' ;+k/LIf0f geO{ a]¿h' nut
sfl6Fb}g . ;+k/LIf0f x'g g;Sbf k'/fgf] a]¿h' y'k|b} uPsf]n] a]¿h'
km:of]{6sf] ;d:of /x]sf] 5 .
109
-ª_ a/a'emf/ydf s8fO gx'Fbf ;dod} a]¿h' km:of]{6 geO{ aSof}tf /xg]
u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ csf{sf] kfnfsf] egL aSof}tf a]¿h'df Wofg
glbg] k|j[lQ sd{rf/Ldf b]lvPsf] 5 .
-r_ cfly{s cg'zf;g kfngfnfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg;Fu cfa4
gul/Psf]n] cg'zf;gxLg eP klg kbf]Gglt / k'/:s[t x'gaf6
sd{rf/LnfO{ s'g} cj/f]w 5}g .
-5_ n]vf k/LIf0f ;DkGg u/]sf] k|df0f lng] lbg] kl/kf6L a:g;s]sf] 5}g .
!^=@=% n]vf pQ/bfloTj / n]vf sd{rf/L k|zf;g
-s_ dGqfno÷ljefu÷sfof{no÷of]hgf cflb ljleGg :yfgdf sfd ug]{ n]vfsf
sd{rf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / hjfkmb]xL :ki6 5}g . sfddf
bf]xf]/f]kg 5 . sfof{no k|d'vn] cfk\mgf n]vf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg /
lgoGq0f ug{ :ki6 cfwf/ 5}g .
-v_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] k|zf;g ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf
ckgfPsf] sfo{ljlwcg';f/ n]vfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|zf;g x'g'kg]{df
dxfn]vf lgoGqsnfO{ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] ?kdf n]vfsf sd{rf/Lsf]
kb:yfkg / ;¿jfdf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ x'Fbf n]vfsf sd{rf/Lx? cfk\mg}
;d"xsf pRr kbflwsf/L jf sfof{no k|d'v jf dxfn]vf lgoGqsdWo]
s;k|lt pQ/bfoL 5g\ egL 5'6\ofpg g} d'l:sn 5 .
!^=# ;'wf/sf pkfox?

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] ;fdfwfgsf nflu b]xfPcg';f/sf] Joj:yf
ul/g'kb{5 M
!^=#=! ah]6 k|0ffnL
-s_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;DkGg x'g] gofF lgdf{0f of]hgf jf cGj]if0f cflbsf
nflu lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/ x'g] u/L kmf/dx?sf] th'{df u/L lglZrt
dfkb08sf] cfwf/df dfq ah]6 tof/ ug]{, hfFr ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfO{ ljgfcfwf/ clGtd ;dodf ah]6 sfF65fF6 gug]{ Joj:yf
x'g'kg]{ . To:t} ;fna;fnL / k'FhLut ah]6 /sd 5'6\ofpg] cfwf/
agfO{ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt k'FhLut ah]6 lk|mh gu/L lgsf;fdf
;/nLs/0f ug'{kg]{ .
110
!^=#=@ lgsf;f
-s_ cfoJoo ljj/0f k'l:tsfd} n]vf pQ/bfloTj -s'g lgsfon] ah]6
;~rfng ug]{_ ;d]t ls6fg ug]{ .
-v_ ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF6 klg ah]6sf] ;fy} k|sflzt ug]{ .
-u_ Psd':6 ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df sfof{nout tyf sfo{qmdut ;|f]t
Joj:yf / ah]6 afF8kmfF6 cfo Joo ljj/0f k'l:tsf ;fy;fy} k|sflzt
x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ j}b]lzs ;|f]t ah]6sf] afF8kmfF6 / sfof{nout ah]6 afF8kmfF6 >fj0f
dlxgfleq sfo{{:yndf k'¥ofpg' g} kg]{ u/L tf]Sg] .
-ª_ a]¿h' km:of]{6 k|lqmofnfO{ lgsf;f;Fu cfa4 gug]{ .
-r_ ut cfly{s jif{sf] vr{sf] Ps ltxfO;Dd >fj0f dlxgfsf] ;'¿d} ;fk6L
lgsf;f lbg] .
-5_ s'g of]hgf / sfof{nosf] slt ah]6 eGg] cfo Joo ljj/0f k'l:tsf
jf ah]6 afF8kmfF6af6 lglZrt x'g] x'Fbf, tfn's dGqfnon] ;|f]t k|fKt
gePsf] jf cfly{s cg'zf;g kfngf gePsf] jf cGo sf/0fn] /f]Ssf
u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] rf}dfl;s cjlwsf]
sfo{qmdsf nflu sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tTk/tfk"j{s
cfjZos /sd lgsf;f lbg] .
-h_ dftxt of]hgf / sfof{nosf] ah]6df k/]sf] ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
;f]wegf{ k|fKt ug]{, cfly{s cg'zf;g kfngf u/fpg], jflif{s sfo{qmd
;dod} tof/ ug]{, :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/ sfd u/fpg] cflb sfo{
dGqfnosf] x'Fbf dGqfnosf k|d'v jf tf]lsPsf clwsf/LnfO{ pQm
sfo{x?sf nflu pQ/bfoL ckgfpg] .
!^=#=# n]vf Joj:yf
cy{ dGqfnon] ljz]if1x?sf] Pp6f sfo{6f]nL u7g ug]{ / To;sf] l;kmfl/;df
n]vf Joj:yfdf cfjZos ;'wf/x? ul/g'kb{5 .
!^=#=$ n]vf k/LIf0f / a]¿h' km:of]{6
n]vf k/LIf0fsf] a]¿h' km:of]{6 ;DaGwdf b]xfocg';f/sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f gu/fpg] / cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fsf] a]¿h'sf]
sf/afxL Dofbleq u/L clGtd n]vf k/LIf0fcl3 ;f]sf] k|ult ;|]:tf ;fy
/fvL gk7fpg]pk/ sf/afxL ug]{ . clGtd n]vf k/LIf0fsf] nflu
111
rf}dfl;s cfwf/df ;|]:tf k7fpg] / ;fn tdfdLkl5 dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]

ljefuaf6 Dofb yk ePdf afx]s #% lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ ;|]:tfsf] ;fy
PsLs[t ljj/0f, aSof}tf a]¿h' ljj/0f / km:of]{6sf k|df0f cflb
dxfn]vf k/LIfsssf] ljefudf bflvnf gug]{nfO{ ;hfo lbg] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
-v_ clGtd n]vf k/LIf0fkl5 a]¿h' sfod ePdf cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f
a]¿h'sf] nut /fVg gkg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
-u_ n]vf k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tT;DaGwL
tflnd ;d]t lbO{ nfu" ug]{ . n]vf k/LIfsn] sfg'gL cfwf/ / k|df0f
gk'u]sf] s'/f :ki6 u/L dfq a]¿h' n]Vg'kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ clGtd n]vf k/LIf0fkl5 sfod ePsf a]¿h'x?dWo] uDeL/ k|s[ltsf
;}4flGts / gLltut ljifo;DaGwL tyf b[[li6sf]0fdf km/s k/]sf /
k'g/fj[lQ eO/x]sf s'/fx?df n]vf ;ldltdf 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ . cGo
a]¿h' n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tn] ;/sf/L /sd c;'n km:of]{6 P]g /
lgodadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t u/L Dofbleq
km:of]{6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
-ª_ ;/sf/L /sd c;'n km:of]{6 P]gadf]lhd ug'{kg]{ s'/f gug]{nfO{ ;hfo
ug]{ Joj:yf u/L ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/L ;d]t tf]Sg] .
-r_ a/a'emf/y k|df0f a]u/ sfof{nodf xflh/} gu/fpg] / tna g} glbg]
ug]{, cjsfz ePsf] cj:yfdf klg a/a'emf/y k|df0f a]u/ k]G;g pkbfg
glbg] .
-5_ n]vf k/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] k|df0f lng' lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
!^=#=% n]vf pQ/bfloTj / n]vf sd{rf/L k|zf;g
-s_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df sfd ug]{ / sfo{ ;~rfng :t/df sfd ug]{ n]vf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :ki6 u/L hjfkmb]xL tf]Sg] .
-v_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] k|zf;g ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kb:yfkg u/]
h:t} ;DalGwt dGqfno ljefus} sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf n]vf sd{rf/L
v6fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ . To;kl5 n]vf sd{rf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno
ljefuk|lt g} hjfkmb]xL x'g] u/L dGqfnocGtu{t ;¿jf ;DalGwt
dGqfnon] g} ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-u_ cfly{s P]g lgod ad]flhd ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ljk/Lt n]vfsf sd{rf/Ln]
sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;Nnfx jf /fo lbPsf]df n]vfsf sd{rf/L g}
112
hjfkmb]xL u/fOg'kg]{ t/ cfly{s lgod ljk/Lt sfof{no k|d'vsf]

cfb]zadf]lhd ePsf sfo{sf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ g} hjfkmb]xL agfpg] .
-3_ n]vf;DaGwL sd{rf/LnfO{ dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] k/fdz{ljgf ;hfo gug]{
Joj:yf ug]{ .
!^=$ ljljw
a]¿h' km:of]{6 u/L cfly{s cg'zf;g kfngf u/fpgdf dGqfnox? ;bf ;lqmo
eO/xg'kb{5 . To;sf] nflu dGqfnox?n] cfkm\gf] dftxt sfof{nosf] a]¿h' /sd
lxgfldgf, j}b]lzs ;|f]t / ;f]wegf{sf] l:ylt, cfly{s lgodx?sf] pNnª\3g, pgLx?n]
lbg'kg]{ ljj/0fx? / :ki6Ls/0f cflb lbP glbPsf]af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L sf/afxL
ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 . dGqfnox?nfO{ o:tf] hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] ;fwgsf] ?kdf
lhNnf :t/Lo sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nonfO{ ;'b[9 / Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 /
o;sf nflu ;DalGwt P]g lgoddf klg cfjZos Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
113
kl/R5]b !&
lgsfout cfly{s lgodsf] Joj:yf

!&=! ljifo k|j]z
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] ug]{ sfo{x?sf] ljljwtf / hl6ntf ljut s]xL bzsx?b]lv
a9\b} uPsf 5g\ . oL sfo{x?sf] k|s[lt x]/L ltgLx?nfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{
ljleGg ;fwg, gLlt, lgod / sfo{ljlwx? ckgfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ xfn ;a}
sfof{nox? ;dfg cfly{s lgodåf/f ;~rflnt 5g\ . o:tf] Pp6f lgod xf] –
cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL lgodx?, -;+zf]wg_ @)$@ . oL lgodx?df lgDglnlvt
s'/fx? ;dflji6 5g\ M–
-s_ ah]6 lgdf{0f ug]{, vr{sf] lgsf;f lbg], vr{ ug]{,
-v_ vl/b jf 9'jfgL;DaGwL sfo{,
-u_ lgdf{0f dd{t ;'wf/ -l8hfOg, nut Ol:6d]6, lgdf{0f, ;'kl/j]If0f OToflb_
-3_ k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf nflu JolQm jf kmd{nfO{ lgo'Qm ug{] .
-ª_ af]nkq, 7]Ssf k§f, 36f36 OToflb;DaGwL Joj:yf .
-r_ lhG;L nut, ;+/If0f, dd{t ;Def/ .
-5_ lnnfd ljqmL, bfg bftJo .
-h_ Hofnf, b//]6 / Hofnfbf/Lsf] aGbf]a:t .
-em_ vr{ ldGxf .
!&=@ ;d:of
pko'{Qm cfly{s lgodx? ljljw k|sf/sf sfd ug]{ ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nosf nflu
;dfg ?kn] pko'Qm jf kof{Kt 5}gg\ .
!&=# ;dfwfgsf pkfo

ctM o; ;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ cy{ dGqfnon], hgtfsf] wg vr{ ug'{kbf{ ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n]
ckgfpg'kg]{ ;fjwfgL, hfu¿stf, lskmfot / clwstd k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{
b[li6sf]0f OToflb ;dfj]z u/L Pp6f d"n cfly{s lgod agfpg] .
114
-v_ pQm d"n cfly{s lgodnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;a} dGqfnox?n] cfkm\gf]
dGqfnocGtu{t ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{x?sf] k|s[lt tyf ljz]if cfjZostfx?nfO{
x]/L cfkm\gf ljleGg sfo{x?sf ;DaGwdf a]Unfa]Un} lj:t[t cfly{s ljlgodx?
agfpg] .
-u_ pQm ljlgodx? cy{ dGqfnosf] k/fdz{ lnP/ dlGqkl/ifb\df :jLs[ltsf nflu
k]; ug]{ / :jLs[t ePkl5 tbg';f/ sfo{ ug]{ .
-3_ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox?n] cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f ubf{ tyf
dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] n]vf k/LIf0f ubf{ d"n cfly{s lgod / pQm ljefuLo
cfly{s ljlgodx?cg';f/ ug]{ .
115
kl/R5]b !*
ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
!*=! ljifo k|j]z
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @% -$_ cg';f/ æ= = = = == ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf]
dfWodåf/f hgtfnfO{ zf;gdf clwsflws dfqfdf ;lDdlnt x'g] cj;/ h'6fO{
k|hftGqsf nfex?sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf sfod ug'{ /fHosf] d'Vo bfloTj x'g]
5 .Æ ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf] pQm lgb]{zs l;4fGtnfO{ sfof{lGjt ug{sf] lgldQ :yfgLo
txdf hgtfnfO{ k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;]jf, ;'ljwfx?sf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ :yfgLo
hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt ljleGg :t/sf lgsfox?nfO{ k|bfg ug{ sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L
ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] qmd / cEof;nfO{ cy{k"0f{ ?kdf cl3 a9fpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
o; kl/R5]bdf :yfgLo lgsfox?df lgIf]k0f ug{ jf~5gLo x'g] sfo{ tyf ;f] sfo{nfO{
;DkGg ug{ cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
!*=@ :yfgLo lgsfosf txx?

:yfgLo :t/df hgtfnfO{ zf;gdf ;lDdlnt ug]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f
$^=! -u_ n] b]xfosf :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox? /xg] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . tL
lgsfox? x'g\ –
-s_ ufpF :t/Lo,
-v_ gu/ :t/Lo /
-u_ lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfo .
!*=# lgIf]k0f ug]{ sfo{sf] k|s[lt

lgDglnlvt sfdx? :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?df lgIf]k0f (Devolve) ul/g'kb{5 .
-s_ :yfgLo :t/df sfo{/t ;/sf/L, cw{;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?aLr
;fd~h:o Pj+ ;dGjo sfod u/L ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfdx?,
-v_ :yfgLo :t/df g} pknAw l;k, ;fwg / Ifdtfsf] pkof]u u/L ;DkGg ug{
;lsg] sfdx?,
-u_ :yfgLo l:ylt Pj+ cfjZostfcg';f/ leGgfleGg} sfo{ljlw / sfo{ k4lt
ckgfP/ ug'{kg]{ sfo{x?,
-3_ :yfgLo hgtfsf] OR5fg';f/ tyf pgLx?k|lt pQ/bfoL eP/ ug'{kg]{ sfo{x?,
116
-ª_ PsLs[t (Integrated) ?kdf hgtfdf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;]jfx? /

-r_ :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xof]u Pj+ ;+nUgtfåf/f dfq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] sfdx? .
dfly bkmf !*=# df pNn]v ul/Pcg'?k >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f ;~rfng eOcfPsf
;fd'bflos jg, vfg]kfgL, k|fylds tyf k|f}9 lzIff, ;fgf l;FrfO cfof]hgfx?,
k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf h:tf ljifout sfo{x? -lj:t[t tflnsf cg';"rL ^ df_
:yfgLo lgsfodf lgIf]k0f ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=$ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb' M lhNnf :t/Lo lgjf{lrt lgsfo

;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox? -ufpF :t/Lo, gu/ :t/Lo /
lhNnf :t/Lo_ dWo] :yfgLo If]qsf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf] nflu of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjog k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljrf/ ubf{, xfnnfO{
;x/L If]qsf] lgldQ gu/ :t/Lo lgjf{lrt lgsfo tyf ;Dk"0f{ u|fdL0f If]qsf] lgldQ
lhNnf :t/Lo lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ g} ljs]lGb|t sfo{ k|0ffnLsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf] ?kdf
lng' pko'Qm x'g] 5 . t;y{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k|oTg oL ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf
lhDd]bf/L k"/f ug{ ;Ifd agfpg]tkm{ s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . ufpF :t/Lo lgjf{lrt
lgsfonfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf ;;fgf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos
;xof]u -;fwg, ;|f]t / k|fljlws_ lhNnfdfkm{t pknAw u/fOg'kb{5 . ;fy} cfkm\gf
If]qsf ;d:of, ;Defjgf / cfjZostfsf] hfgsf/L lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfonfO{ pknAw
u/fpg] sfo{ ;d]t ufpF :t/Lo lgsfoaf6 u/fOg'kb{5 .
!*=% lhNnf / gu/sf cfjZostfx?sf] leGgtf

u|fdL0f If]q / ;x/L If]qsf] rf;f]sf] ljifodf w]/} leGgtf /xG5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf
s'nf]k}gL, af6f]3f6f], kz'r/0f, s[lif tyf s[lif pTkfbgsf] a]rlavg h:tf s'/fdf
clws rf;f] /xG5 eg] ;x/af;Lsf] lgldQ 3/38]/L, cfjf;, kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkg,
vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{, 9n lgsf;, zf}rfno, ;/;kmfOsf] k|aGw h:tf ljifon] lk/f]Ng]
ub{5 . t;y{ :yfgLo lgsfox?df sfo{ lgIf]k0f ubf{ ufpF tyf gu/sf] aLrdf
If]qut leGgtfsf] kmn:j?k k}bf x'g uPsf cfjZostf tyf rfxgfsf] leGgtfnfO{
:jLsf/ ul/g' plrt x'g] 5 . gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt b'j}nfO{ lhNnf
:t/Lo lgsfocGtu{t /flvPsf]df ;x/L If]qsf ;d:ofk|lt lhNnfn] h'g dfqfdf Wofg
lbg'kg]{ xf] ;f] lbg ;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g . t;y{ gu/kflnsfnfO{ lhNnf :t/Lo
lgsfocGtu{t /flvg'sf] ;§f a]Un} :jtGq lgsfosf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/g'kb{5 /
gu/kflnsf If]qleq gu/ ljsf;;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]bf/L gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbOg]
Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
117
!*=^ lhNnf / gu/sf] aLrsf] ;dGjo

lhNnf lhNnfdf ;~rfng x'g] a:tL ljsf; sfo{qmd (Settlement Progarmme) /
gu/ ljsf; of]hgfsf] sfo{qmd (Urban Development Programme) sf aLr ;dGjo
(Co-ordination) sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdf / c? klg ;+o'Qm rf;f]sf
ljifox?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lgldQ lhNnf / gu/sf k|ltlglw ;lDdlnt /x]sf]
Pp6f :yfoL ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=& of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L

:yfgLo lgsfodf lgIf]k0f ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] af/]df lg0f{o lng], jflif{s of]hgf
th'{df ug]{, sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ;'kl/j]If0f Pj+ cg'udgsf] k"0f{ cleef/f :yfgLo
lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ P]gåf/f k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 . lgIf]k0f ul/Psf sfo{x?sf] af/]df
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ubf{ ;DalGwt lgIf]k0f ul/Psf sfo{x?sf] af/]df sfo{qmdsf]
;~rfng ubf{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfon] >L % sf] ;/sf/åf/f lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf gLlt / k|fyldstfnfO{ Wofg lbg' /fd|f] x'g] 5 . t/ cfcfkm\gf sfo{If]qsf
cfjZostf / ;DefJotf g} :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] nflu ljsf; sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ cfwf/ x'g'kb{5 .
!*=* gu/ tyf lhNnf :t/Lo PsfOnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ Joj:yf

:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?dWo] ljz]if u/L lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfo / gu/kflnsfnfO{
tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|fljlws ;]jf (Technical Support) sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
o;sf] nflu lhNnf lhNnfdf of]hgf PsfO (Planning Unit) sf] cfjZostf 5 .
gu/kflnsfdf klg o:tf PsfOsf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf lgsfodf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ of]hgf k|lqmofsf] ljljw kIfdf k|lzlIft u/L :yfgLo lgsfosf] of]hgf
;~rfng Ifdtfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] oy]i6 Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
!*=( clwsf/ lgIf]k0fsf] ;Gbe{df ul/g'kg]{ cfly{s Joj:yf

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfo{ k4ltcg'?k :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] ;]jfx?sf] ;[hgf,
Joj:yfkg tyf lj:tf/ ug{ k|z:t nufgL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ cfkm\gf] ;|f]tsf] cefjdf
;a} sfdsf] lgldQ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox? ;w}F s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] d'v tfSg] /
s]Gb|Lo ;xof]uljgf kfOnf ;fg}{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x] eg] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f k|lqmof
lgik|efj x'g ;Sg] 5 . ctMPj clwsf/ lgIf]k0fsf] ;fy;fy} qmlds ?kdf cfkm\gf]
cfly{s Ifdtfsf] j[l4 ug{ ;Sg] Pj+ ljleGg pkfoaf6 :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng
ug'{kg]{ sfo{lt/ klg :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ pGd'v u/fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf]
nflu :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ b]xfocg';f/sf ;|f]tx?sf] Joj:yf x'g cfjZos
5 .
118
!*=(=! cltl/Qm s/sf] Joj:yf

:yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljBdfg P]g tyf lgodx?n] k|bfg u/]sf ljleGg s/
nufpg ;Sg] clwsf/afx]s b]xfosf yk clwsf/ k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=(=!=! lhNnf :t/sf] lgldQ
lhNnfsf] lgldQ xfn;Dd sGb|Lo cg'bfgafx]s clj/n ?kdf cfDbfgL x'g]
cGo s'g} ;|f]t 5}g . ctMPj xfn;Dd s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af6 s'g} lsl;dsf] s/
gnfOPsf] t/ :yfgLo :t/af6 ;lhnf];Fu ;fwg p7fpg ;lsg] If]qx?df -
h:t} M s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ lhNnf :t/sf] lgldQ cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t agfpg
;lsg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5_ s/ nufpg] clwsf/ lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfonfO{
k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=(=!=@ gu/ :t/sf] lgldQ
gu/kflnsfsf] lgldQ k|ToIf s/dWo] ;x/L 3/hUUff s/ k|d'v ;|f]t xf] . t/
To;df s]Gb|Lo s/ nflu;s]sf] x'Fbf pQm s]Gb|Lo s/sf] s]xL k|ltzt
gu/kflnsfnfO{ pknAw u/fO{ lbg] gLlt ckgfpg' jf~5gLo x'G5 .
s[lif hldg / ;x/L If]qsf] cfjf;Lo hldgsf] dfnkf]t ;dfg lsl;dsf]
/x]sf] 5 . t/ ;x/L If]qsf cfjf;Lo hldgsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] t'ngfdf
dfnkf]t gu0o /x]sf] x'Fbf, ;x/L If]qsf] cfjf;Lo hldgdf dfnkf]t j[l4 u/L
gu/kflnsfnfO{ pknAw u/fOlbg] gLlt ckgfpg' klg pko'Qm x'G5 .
!*=(=!=# ufpF :t/
ufpF :t/df s/ ;ª\sng ug]{ k|zf;lgs oGq gePsf] x'Fbf / s/ ;ª\sng
Ifdtf klg gePsf] x'Fbf ljBdfg cj:yfdf s'g} kl/jt{g gug]{ gLlt lng'
plrt x'G5 .
!*=(=@ cg'bfg
:yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ M
-s_ ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg] /
-v_ qmlds ?kdf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfgljgf g} lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;Sg] l:yltlt/
pGd'v u/fpg] b[li6sf]0faf6 lgDglnlvt cg'bfg Joj:yf ckgfOg'kb{5 M
119
cg'bfgsf] cg'bfgsf] p2]Zo cg'bfg kfpg]

lsl;d = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = =
lhNnf gu/ ufpF
! ;+:yfut k|To]s :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ ,, ,, lhNnfaf6
ljsf; ;+:yfut ;]jf ;'ne u/fpg k|fKt ug]{
cg'bfg hg;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df jf lhNnfsf]
cfly{s l:ylt / ljsf;;DaGwL
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df lbOg] cg'bfg
@ k|f]T;fxg h'g h'g :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfon] ,, ,, lhNnfaf6
cg'bfg k|ToIf s/ ;ª\sng u/L jf cGo k|fKt ug]{
k|fKt ug]{ pkfon] cfkm\gf] ;|f]t
;fna;fnL j[l4 ub{5g\ ltgnfO{
lbOg] cg'bfg
# sfo{qmd >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 vf; vf; ,, ,, lhNnfaf6
cg'bfg lsl;dsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k|fKt ug]{
lbOg] sfo{qmd cg'bfg
!*=(=# cfly{s pQ/bfloTj
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ lgIf]k0f ul/Psf sfo{x?sf] ;Dkfbgsf nflu
dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL -s/, b:t'/, z'Ns / >L % sf]
;/sf/åf/f lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL cflb ljleGg sfo{sf nflu k|fKt x'g]
Psd':6 jf ljifout cg'bfg_ / vr{;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt
lgsfodf lglxt ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=(=$ :yfgLo ljsf; sf]if
u|fdL0f If]qdf lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo ;d'bfox?nfO{ cfly{s
;DefJotf ePsf cfof]hgfx? nfu" ug{ k'FhL pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] aL;
s/f]8 ¿lkofF k'FhL ePsf] Ps :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 .
o; sf]ifsf] k|zf;g ;/sf/af6 dgf]lgt k|ltli7t JolQmx?sf] Pp6f ;ldltn]
ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . o; sf]ifaf6 :jLs[t ul/g] C0f k|:tfljt
kl/of]hgfx?sf] cfly{s ;DefJotfdf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . :yfgLo :t/df
120
k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; u/fpg] vfnsf cfly{s ;DefJotf b]lvg] kl/of]hgfx?df

lghL pBdLx?nfO{ klg sf]ifaf6 C0f pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . C0fsf] dfudf
j[l4 x'Fb} uPkl5 afXo ;xof]u ;d]t kl/rfng u/L sf]ifsf] k'FhLdf j[l4 ub}{
n}hfg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
!*=!) sd{rf/L Joj:yf

-s_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfo{ k4ltsf] ;kmntf / k|efjsfl/tf w]/} dfqfdf sd{rf/L
k|0ffnLsf] pTk|]/0ff, dgf]bzf tyf s'zntfdfly e/ kb{5 . sd{rf/Lsf] s'zntf
of]Uo JolQmsf] 5gf]6, j[lQ ljsf;sf cj;/x?, pko'Qm tflndsf] Joj:yf
tyf oyf]lrt\ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yfaf6 k|efljt x'G5 . ctMPj, :yfgLo
lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] ;]jf cfsif{s agfpg lgDg pkfox? cjnDag ul/g'
kb{5 M
!= sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgikIf 5gf]6, ;¿jf, kbf]Gglt h:tf sd{rf/L k|zf;g
;DaGwL sfdsf nflu ;+:yfut Joj:yf ug]{,
@= ;]jfsf] :yfloTj k|bfg ug]{ /
#= k"j{ ;]jfsfnLg tyf ;]jfsfnLg tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-v_ dflysf s'/fx?sf] Joj:yf ug{ lgDgadf]lhdsf] gLlt cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 M
!= of]Uotf / pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L 5gf]6 Pj+ ltgsf] j[lQ
ljsf;;DaGwL ljifo x]g{sf] nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :yfgLo lgjf{lrt
lgsfo ;]jf cfof]usf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . k|:tfljt cfof]un] cfkm\gf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu If]qLo ljsf; s]Gb|x?df sfof{no :yfkgf ug'{
/fd|f] x'g] 5 .
@= :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?df lgIf]k0f ul/Psf sfo{x?df xfn ;+nUg
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pQm lgsfox?df cfkm\g} sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf
x'g g;s];Dd, tt\–tt\ lgsfodf sfhdf k7fpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
o;/L sfhdf k7fOPsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;xdlt jf
;Nnfxljgf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfon] cGoq ;¿jf gug]{ Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 . cGttf]uTjf :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] cfkm"k|lt g}
pQ/bfoL x'g] u/L cfkm\gf 5'§} sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf u/L lghfdtL
;]jfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lt:yfkg (Replace) ub}{ hfg'kb{5 . ;fy} lhNnf
lhNnfdf sfo{/t lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbnfO{ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfosf
sd{rf/Ln] k|lt:yfkg u/]kl5 qmdzM vf/]h ub}{ hfg'kb{5 .
t/ lhNnf :t/Lo lgjf{lrt lgsfo / gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sfl/0fL clws[t
kbdf eg] lghfdtL ;]jfsf jl/i7 clws[tnfO{ sfhdf k7fpg] k|yf oyfjt\\
121
/flvg'kb{5 . dfu ul/Psf v08df dfq cGo clws[t txsf kbflwsf/LnfO{

sfhdf k7fOg'kb{5 .
!*=!! k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f sfo{ k4lt ;'¿ ePkl5 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw, ;/sf/L sd{rf/L tyf
:yfgLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L, pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf ;b:ox? ;d]tnfO{ ljs]lGb|t sfo{
k4ltsf] dg;focg'?k ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Joj:yfkg kIfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg tyf
k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg -of]hgf ;~rfng k|lqmof, hgkl/rfng, ;dGjo / Joj:yfkg
h:tf ljifodf cfjZos kg]{ l;k, 1fg / hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] b[li6sf]0faf6_
ljleGg lsl;dsf k"j{ Pj+ ;]jfsfnLg tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!!=! :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
:yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] k|lzIf0f sfo{df clw/fHosf] ljleGg
ljsf; If]qdf xfn !! j6f :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x? ;+nUg 5g\ .
o; l;nl;nfdf k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf :yfkgf x'g] :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfosf]
;ª\Vof, logdf ;+nUg x'g] kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/Lsf] ;ª\Vof, ;~rfng
ul/g'kg]{ k|lzIf0fsf] :j?k / cjlw Pj+ ;DalGwt ljsf; If]qsf] ef}uf]lns Pj+
oftfoftsf] l:yltsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L xfn k|To]s k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df ljBdfg
;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;ª\Vof tyf :yfg ;DaGwdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!!=@ gu/kflnsf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
gu/kflnsåf/f ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{ / gu/kflnsfdfkm{t ;x/L If]qdf k'¥ofOg]
;]jf ;'ljwfsf] :j?k / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltåf/f ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmd
k"0f{?k]0f km/s geP klg ;x/L If]qsf cfjZostf leGg ?kdf b]lvg yfn]sf
5g\ . ;fy} a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0fsf] k|lqmofsf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;x/L If]qdf pTkGg
;d:ofx?sf] ljZn]if0fdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpg Pj+ gu/kflnssf kbflwsf/LnfO{
k|lzlIft u/fpg] b[li6sf]0faf6 ljz]if k|sf/sf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd (Specialised
Training Programme) ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o;y{, xfn sfo{/t
:yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?dWo] Pp6f k|lzIf0f s]Gb|nfO{ k"0f{?k]0f
gu/kflnsfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] k|lzIf0f ug]{ / gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ cfjZos
k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf kl/0ft / ljsl;t ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!!=# k|lzIf0f s]Gb|;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfg
gu/kflnsf k|lzIf0f s]Gb| nufot cGo :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?n]
cfkm"n] k'¥ofpg] ;]jfnfO{ a9L cy{k"0f{ agfpgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{
122
lj]z]if1x?nfO{ cfsif{s ;'ljwf Pj+ plrt kfl/>lds pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Pj+
cfjZos ef}lts ;'ljwfx? ;[hgf ug{ ;Sg] / ;]jf k|bfg ul/g] lgsfo;Fu
z'Nssf] nfu" t cfkm} tf]Sg ;Sg] sfg'gL cfwf/ k|bfg u/L k|lzIf0f
s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTdlge{/ / :jzfl;t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t
ub{{} n}hfg'kb{5 .
!*=!@ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfo / :jo+;]jL ;ª\3 ;+:yfaLrsf] ;DaGw

;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx? k|foMh;f] ;/sf/sf] Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf If]q, ;d'bfo, ju{
jf ;d"xnfO{ dfgjf]lrQ ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ljz]if lsl;dsf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zoaf6
k|]l/t eP/ sfo{If]qdf pq]sf x'G5g\ . jt{dfg cj:yfdf, cfly{s ;fwg, hgzlQm,
Joj:yfkg Ifdtf tyf k|ljlw cflbdf u|fdL0f If]qdf ePsf] cefjnfO{ b[li6ut u/L
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] o:tf ;ª\3 ;+:yfnfO{ k|ltåGåLsf] ?kdf gx]/L
pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf lng'kb{5 . o:tf ;ª\3 ;+:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/ k|f]T;fxg ug]{
tyf ;]jfd"ns sfo{df pgLx?sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ a9fpFb} n}hfg] gLlt ckgfpg'kb{5 .
o;cg'?k :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] M
-s_ ;dfh;]jL ;ª\3 ;+:yfaf6 :yfgLo Onfsfdf pknAw u/fOg] ;]jfx?df
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfon] cfjZos ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] / tL Onfsfdf
;dfgfGt/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng gug]{ .
-v_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmd;Fusf] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf] ;fd~h:o tyf
;dGjo sfod ug]{ .
-u_ ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfaf6 ;Dkfbg u/fpg ;lsg] sfdx? ;se/ pgLx?nfO{
g} ;'Dkg] gLlt lng] .
;fy} lhNnf :t/Lo lgjf{lrt lgsfon] :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutfaf6 ug'{kg]{
sfo{x?sf] sfof{Gjog / ;~rfng ;se/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf
k/Dk/fut ;+:yfx?åf/f u/fpg plrt x'g] 5 .
!*=!# n]vf k/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf

!*=!#=! n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] :jtGq n]vf k/LIf0f x'g]
pko'Qm Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . oL lgsfox?sf] n]vf k/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfsåf/f
lgo'Qm n]vf k/LIfsåf/f u/fpg'kb{5 . n]vf k/LIf0f sfo{ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
ePsf] ^ dlxgfleq ;DkGg ul/;Sg'kb{5 .
123
!*=!#=@ n]vf k/LIf0fsf] ;fj{hlgs hfgsf/L

:yfgLo ;+:yfx?sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] hfgsf/L Pj+ lgoGq0f ;fj{hlgs
rf;f]sf] ljifo x'G5 . ctMPj ;+:yfleq} lgu/fgLsf] l:ylt ;[hgf ug{ :yfgLo
;+:yfx?sf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf klg n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ tyf ;f]
k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt ;d]t ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . n]vf
k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdfly 5fglag u/L cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{
;fwf/0f ;efn] cfkm" dWo]af6 Pp6f n]vf ;ldlt u7g ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g'
kb{5 .
!*=!$ lglZrt dfkb08sf] cfwf/ a:tL / ahf/nfO{ gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff

ug]{
dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] ljleGg If]q nufot cGo :yfgx?df gofF a:tLx? ljsl;t x'Fb}
5g\ . oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf, aGb Jofkf/, hg;ª\Vof / pknAw cGo ;'ljwfsf]
b[li6sf]0faf6 o:tf a:tLx?n] ;x/sf] ?k lnFb} 5g\ . o:tf ahf/ / a:tLsf ljz]if
;d:ofnfO{ oy]i6 Wofg glbg] xf] eg] ;DalGwt :yfgsf] jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/
kg{ hfG5 . To;}n] gofF a:tL / ahf/nfO{ lglZrt dfkb08 -h:t}, hg;ª\Vof,
v08l:dt ;8ssf] pknAwtf, xf6 ahf/, ljBfno, :jf:Yo / k|x/L rf}sLsf] ;'ljwf
cflb_ sf] cfwf/df gu/kflnsf 3f]lift ul/g'kb{5 . o:tf gu/kflnsfnfO{
Joj:yfksLo Pj+ ;|f]tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 /fd|f] l:yltdf k'Ug s]xL ;do nfUg ;Sb5 .
ctM ha;Dd gofF gu/kflnsfx? tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfly{s Pj+ Joj:yfkgsf]
b[li6sf]0faf6 ;dy{ x'Fb}gg\ ta;Dd ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ltgnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u,
cfly{s ;|f]t / cGo ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
!*=!% gu/kflnsfnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] cfwf/

ljBdfg gu/kflnsfx? ;fwg, ;|f]t / Joj:yfkgsf] b[li6n] Pscsf{af6 leGg 5g\ .
ctM >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;fwg / ;|f]t pknAw u/fObf gu/kflnsfnfO{ Ps}
?kdf x]l/g' x'Fb}g . h;sf] ;fwg / ;|f]t 5}g ltgsf] l:ylt ;'wf/ ug]{ Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 / h'g gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;/sf/L ;xof]usf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g To;nfO{ cfly{s
cg'bfg / cGo ;xof]u pknAw u/fO/fVg' kb}{g . o;sf] nflu gu/kflnsfx?nfO{
ljleGg >]0fLdf juL{s/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!^ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfo / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf lgsfox?aLrsf]

;DaGw
:yfgLo lgsfox?df clwsf/sf] lgIf]k0f eO;s]kl5 klg tT;DaGwL ;a} lhDd]jf/L >L
% sf] ;/sf/af6 5'6\g hfFb}g . g t :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] s]Gb|af6 s'g}
124
lsl;dsf] ;xof]uljgf g} ;a} sfdx? ;DkGg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . jf:tjdf Psflt/

:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofOlbg], dfu{ bz{g lbg] tyf ;+j4{g ug]{
h:tf sfo{x? >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ug'{kb{5 eg] csf]{lt/ :yfgLo lgjf{lrt
lgsfox?n] ;/sf/;Fu k|fljlws Pj+ cfly{s ;xof]u lng] tyf k|fKt gLltut dfu{
bz{gsf] cg';/0f klg ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] kf/:kl/stfdf afFlwPsf] >L % sf] ;/sf/ /
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfoaLrsf] ;DaGw cfk;L ljZjf; / ;xof]uaf6 dfq ljsl;t /
;'b[9 x'g ;Sb5 . ctMPj k|f/Deb]lv g} o:tf] ljZjf; / ;xof]usf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf
ub}{ hfg lgDg pkfox? cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 M
-s_ h'g h'g dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qaf6 :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfodf lhDd]jf/L ;fl/g]
5 tL dGqfnodf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f cg'udg PsfOsf] :yfkgf ug]{ / cfkm\gf]
ljifout sfo{If]qdf lgIf]lkt lqmofsnfksf] cg'udg (Monotoring) / /]vb]v
(Supervision) sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-v_ :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL
k|d'v lhDd]jf/ dGqfnosf] e"ldsf / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf]
cg'udg tyf /]vb]vsf] bfloTj lbg] . o; dGqfnon] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt dGqfnosf] sfo{sf] cg'udg tyf ;"rgf ;ª\sng u/L cfjlws
;dLIff ug]{ .
-u_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL gLlt lgb]{zg, lbg], k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ tyf afwf c8\rgsf]
km's'jf ug{ u/fpgsf] lgldQ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL
dlGqkl/ifb\ ;ldlt (Cabinet Committee) sf] Joj:yf ug]{ / o; ;ldltsf]
nflu ;a} ;"rgf ;fdu|L tof/ ug]{ sfd :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs
ljsf; dGqfnon] ug]{ .
-3_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL ljifodf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ gLltut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg,
o;;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ / ;'kl/j]If0f tyf
cg'udgsf nflu ljsf; tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL ;+;bLo ;ldltcGtu{t Ps
ljs]Gb|Ls/0f pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
-ª_ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{ lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfonfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg]
b[li6af6 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] k|To]s kfFr jif{df k|To]s lhNnfsf] k|fljlws
cfly{s (Techno-economic) ;j]{If0f u/fO{ lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf
;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg tyf cj:yfsf] af/]df ;DalGwt lhNnf :t/Lo
lgsfonfO{ cjut u/fOlbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
125
!*=!& ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ug'{kg]{ yk Joj:yf

!*=!&=! /fhgLlts lgoGq0f
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf] /fhgLlts lgoGq0fsf] lgldQ ckgfOg]
pkfox?dWo] lgnDag tyf lj36g h:tf s'/f k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ . t/ o;
lsl;dsf] lgoGq0f k|lqmofn] ;fdfGotM :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfosf] ;+:yfut
ljsf;df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . ctM lgnDag jf lj36gsf
cfwf/x? :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!&=@ :yfgLo ;+:yfx?sf] lgldQ cfly{s cfof]usf] Joj:yf
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf] cfjlws ?kdf ljQLo l:yltsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L
ljQLo l:yltcg'?k plrt tyf cfjZos ;'emfjx? >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;dIf
k|:t't ug{ k|To]s kfFr jif{df :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfo;DaGwL cfly{s cfof]u
(Local Government Finance Commision) u7g u/L /fo ;'emfj lng] Joj:yf
ul/g'kb{5 .
!*=!&=# ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjog
plNnlvt gLltut l;4fGtx?nfO{ sfo{ ?kdf kl/0ft ug]{ lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo
:jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnosf] x'g'kb{5 .
!*=!* sfof{Gjog tflnsf

sfof{Gjogsf] If]q lgsfo cjlw
:yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, @)$( cfiff9
;d'bfoaf6 ;~rfng ul/g] :yfgLo :jzf;g d;fGt
cfof]hgfx?sf] nflu k'FhL pknAw tyf ;fdflhs
u/fpg] p2]Zon] @) s/f]8 ¿lkofF ljsf; dGqfno,
k'FhL ePsf] Ps :yfgLo ljsf; cy{ dGqfno
sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ -bkmf !*=(=$_
126
kl/R5]b !(
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?
!(=! ljifo k|j]z
g]kfnsf] cfly{s ultljlwdf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . >L
% sf] ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf oL ;+:yfgx?n] cy{ Joj:yfsf sltko k|d'v
If]qx?df k|e'Tj sfod ul/cfPsf 5g\ . ljB't\, cfGtl/s xjfO{ ;]jf, b"/ ;~rf/,
vfg]kfgL;DaGwL ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ / /f;folgs dn tyf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfoft u/L
cfk"lt{ ug]{ Joj;fodf oL ;+:yfgx?sf] Psflwsf/ /x]sf] 5 .
!(=@ ljBdfg l:ylt

-s_ xfn hDdf ^@ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t 5g\ M
pBf]u – @*
Jofkf/ – (
;]jf – *
hgf]kof]uL If]q – #
;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts – ^
ljQLo If]q – *
^@
-v_ pTkfbg If]qdf ;+nUg ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ;ª\Vof lghL If]qsf]
pBf]ux?sf] t'ngfdf Go"g g} /x] tfklg ljZj a}ª\ssf] Ps k|ltj]bgcg';f/
oL ;+:yfgx?sf] lx:;f s'n l:y/ ;DklQdf #^ k|ltzt, d"No clej[l4
(Value Added) df @( k|ltzt / /f]huf/Ldf @% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
-u_ ;+:yfgx?sf] l:y/ ;DklQ sl/a ¿= !%)) s/f]8 5 .
-3_ ;+:yfgx?df sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;ª\Vof @)$^–$& df nueu ^#,)))
lyof] .
!(=# ;+:yfgx?sf] cfly{s l:ylt

-s_ ljZj a}ª\ssf] Ps k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ljut # jif{sf] cjlwdf >L % sf]
;/sf/n] ;+:yfgx?sf] nflu cf};tdf /fh:jsf] @) k|ltzt /sd nufgL
u/]sf] 5 / w]/}h;f] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx? gf]S;fgLdf rn]sf 5g\ . @)$^–$&
df ;+:yfgx?sf] s'n gfkmf ? $#=@* s/f]8 tyf s'n gf]S;fgL ¿= &*=#(
s/f]8 lyof] . ut % jif{sf] cjlwdf pTkfbg / jfl0fHosf] If]qdf ;+nUg
127
;+:yfgx?n] dfq ¿= !=% c/a /sdsf] 3f6f jxg ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

kmn:j?k >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] oL ;+:yfgx?df /x]sf] ;]o/÷k'FhLsf] d"Nodf
lg/Gt/ x|f; x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
-v_ ljleGg ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] gfd, ltgLx?df sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf]
;ª\Vof, ltgLx?sf] s'n l:y/ ;DklQ, k|ltkmn b/ tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf]
l:ylt cg';"rL & df lbOPsf] 5 .
-u_ ;+:yfgx?n] a}ª\lsª If]qaf6 lnPsf] C0f r'Qmf ug{, rfn" k'FhLsf] Joj:yf
ug{ / sn sf/vfgfsf] k'g:yf{kg tyf cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ >L % sf]
;/sf/n] a9\bf] dfqfdf Joo ef/ jxg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 .
!(=$ ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg l:ylt

;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg;DaGwL l:ylt o;k|sf/ 5 M
-s_ ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo ;'lglZrt Pj+ k|i6 5}g .
-v_ ;+:yfgx?df ;/sf/L lgoGq0f / b}lgs Joj:yfkgdf x:tIf]k lgs} clws
dfqfdf 5 .
-u_ clwsf+z ;+:yfgx?n] ljleGg ljifodf :jtGq ?kn] gLlt lgwf{/0f ug{
;Sb}gg\ .
-3_ ;+:yfgsf pRrtd Joj:yfkg kbx?df xr'jf lsl;dn] cg'ko'Qm lgo'lQmx?
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
-ª_ clwsf+z ;+:yfgx?df ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ cfjZoseGbf clws JolQmx?nfO{
lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 .
-r_ ;+:yfgsf ;~rfns ;ldltx?df bIf / cg'ejL JolQmx?sf] ;§f kfnf]
k'¥ofpg] lsl;daf6 ljleGg dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ rng 5 .
-5_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g g t ;/sf/k|lt
;~rfns ;ldltx?sf] lhDd]jf/L g} :ki6 5 .
-h_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;+:yfgx?sf ultljlwx? jf ;kmntf÷ljkmntfsf]
;d'lrt n]vfhf]vf u/L efjL af6f] lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g h;n] ubf{
Joj:yfkgdf lhDd]jf/Lsf] efjgf lzlyn x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
-em_ ;+:yfgsf Joj:yfkg ju{nfO{ sfddf a9L clek|]l/t ug{ ;Sg] pko'Qm
k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnLsf] cefj 5 .
-`_ ;+:yfgsf sd{rf/Lx?df Joj:yfkg;DaGwL pko'Qm tflndsf] sdL 5 .
128
-6_ clwsf+z ;+:yfgx?df w]/} k'/fgf k|ljlwx? (Obsolete Technology) sf] k|of]u
eO/x]sf] 5 .
-7_ ;+:yfgx?df ahf/ Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf] sdL 5 .
-8_ ;+:yfgx?sf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg /fd|f] 5}g / ;fy} n]vf /fVg] tl/sf
q'l6k"0f{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
!(=% ;+:yfgx?;DaGwL gLlt

w]/}h;f] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx? b]zdf u}/;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf ultljlwx? cToGt
;Lldt /x]sf ;dodf :yflkt ePsf lyP . To; ;dodf b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;nfO{
ult k|bfg ug{ ;/sf/L cu|;/tf cfjZos lyof] . t/ ca l:ylt leGg 5 . ca
Jofkfl/s / cf}Bf]lus If]qdf lghL If]qsf ultljlwx?sf] w]/} lj:tf/ eO;s]sf] 5 /
lghL If]qsf] Ifdtfdf klg j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o; kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df ;+:yfgx?df
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] eO/x]sf] nufgLnfO{ km'Ssf u/L cGoq a9L k|ltkmn x'g] sfo{df
nufgL ug]{ tyf ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ NofO{ ltgLx?sf] pTkfbsTjdf j[l4
ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+:yfgx?sf] :jfldTj, Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngdf lghL If]qnfO{ a9\bf]
dfqfdf ;l/s ub]{ n}hfg] gLlt ckgfpg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 . ;fy} ca pk|fGt Jofkfl/s
/ cf}Bf]lus sfo{x?df >L % sf] ;/sf/ ;fdfGotM ;+nUg gx'g] gLlt ckgfpg' kb{5 .
;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfngdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;l/s ug]{ d'Vo pkfox?
lgDglnlvt 5g\ M
-s_ ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg (Management) lghL If]qnfO{ 7]Ssf (Lease) df
lbg]
-v_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?nfO{ klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/L v'nf ;fj{hlgs
?kdf lglZrt k|ltzt ;]o/x? ;j{;fwf/0fdf ljqmL ug]{ /
-u_ lghL If]qnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf ljqmL ug]{ .
lghL If]q cfs[i6 gx'g] cyjf lghL If]qnfO{ lbg pko'Qm gx'g] t/ ;~rfng ug{
cfjZos ePsf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ rflxF ltgLx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf pko'Qm ;'wf/ u/L
;/sf/L If]qd} /flv/xg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
!(=^ ;/sf/L If]qdf /xg] ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/x?

;/sf/L If]qd} /flvg] ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ug'{kg]{ gLltut ;'wf/x? tn k|:tfj
ul/Psf 5g\ M
-s_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ljleGg If]qdf ePsf] PsflwkTosf] cGt u/L
k|lt:kwf{Tds l:ylt ;[hgf ug]{ .
129
-v_ ;/sf/L If]qdf sfod /xg] ;+:yfgx?sf] pRr Joj:yfkg (Top management)
cyf{t\ dxfk|aGws / pkdxfk|aGws jl/i7 Joj:yfksx?sf] of]Uotf, cg'ej /
pko'Qmtfsf] 5fglag u/L cfjZos b]lvPdf kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;'emfj k|:t't ug{
Ps pRr :t/Lo tyf lgikIf ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{ .
-u_ ;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf clwsf+z k];fut / Joj:yfkg Ifdtf ePsf
tyf u|fxs ju{sf] lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmx?dWo]af6 lgo'lQmx? ug]{ /
>L % sf] ;/sf/af6 b'O{hgf eGbf a9L sd{rf/Laf6 k|ltlglwTj gu/fpg] .
;/sf/L ;+:yfgsf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf kbdf dGqL /xFbf dGqfnoaf6
;f] :+f:yfg;DaGwL gLlt lgikIf ?kn] lgwf{/0f ug{df afwf k'Ug] x'Fbf, ;f] gug]{ .
dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ cTofjZos ePsf]df afx]s ;~rfng ;ldltdf g/fVg] .
;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIf kbdf Joj:yfkg Ifdtf ePsf], k|ltli7t /fli6«o
lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmx?dWo]af6 lgo'Qm ug]{ .
-3_ ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo k|efjsf/L / ldtJooL ?kn] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L
;~rfns ;ldltsf] /xg] u/L tf]Sg] .
-ª_ ;+:yfgx?sf] b}lgs k|zf;gdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf]
x:tIf]k gx'g] Joj:yf ug]{ . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] clwsf+z jf k"0f{ :jfldTj
ePsf ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sd{rf/L lgo'lQm ug]{, vf/]h ug]{ / ltgLx?sf]
tna ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo ;t{x? tf]Sg] k"0f{ clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ . To;}
u/L, cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf PsflwkTo /fVg] ;+:yfgafx]s cGo
;+:yfgx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;]jf jf pTkfbgsf] d"No tf]Sg] :jtGqtf klg lbg] .
-r_ ljleGg ;+:yfgx?sf] ;]jfsf] pko'Qm txdf ;+:yfg aflx/af6 klg v'nf
k|ltof]lutfsf] cfwf/df ;Ifd / k|ltefzfnL JolQmx?nfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
-5_ ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgn] ;+:yfgdf sfd ug]{ cGo sd{rf/Lx?dWo], ;+:yfgsf]
sfo{df a9L k|efjsfl/tf / ldtJolotf Nofpg] jf ;+:yfgsf] ;~rfngdf
dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug]{ sd{rf/L jf sd{rf/L ;d"xnfO{ k|ToIf k|f]T;fxg lbgsf]
nflu pko'Qm Joj:yf th'{df u/L nfu" ug]{ .
-h_ cfkm\gf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngdf ;'wf/ u/L ;+:yfgsf p2]Zo / nIo xfl;n
ug]{ ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ pko'Qm k|f]T;fxg lbg] k|0ffnLsf] th'{df /
ljsf; ug]{ .
-em_ pQm k|f]T;fxg k|0ffnLcGtu{t ;+:yfgx?sf] d"Nofª\sg, ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo
k|flKtdf ePsf] k|ultaf6 ug'{kb{5 . ljleGg ;+:yfgx?sf nflu ljleGg
dfkb08x?sf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s'g} ;+:yfgsf] bIftf a9L gfkmfaf6
cª\lst ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 eg] s'g}sf] ;~rfng nfutdf ul/Psf] s6f}tLaf6
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ;+:yfgx?sf] d"Nofª\sgrflxF ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf,
130
d"No / lj:tf/af6 ug'{kb{5 . ;+:yfgx?sf] gfkmf ljleGg s'/fx?dfly lge{/

ub{5 h;df ;+:yfgsf] lgoGq0f aflx/sf s]xL s'/fx? klg x'G5g\ .
;+:yfgsf] ;~rfngsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;+:yfgsf cwLg /x]sf s'/fx?sf]
;DaGwdf dfq ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; b[li6af6 k|To]s ;+:yfgsf nflu
leGbfleGb} æpknlAwsf kl/;"rsx?Æ sf] lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} s'g}
;+:yfgsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;f] ;+:yfgsf] ljut jif{sf] l:ylt;Fu t'ngf ;d]t
ug'{kb{5 .
-`_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] s]jn lgDglnlvt
sfo{x? ug]{ M
!= ;~rfng ;ldlt / d'Vo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/L lgo'Qm ug]{ .
@= ;+:yfgn] ug'{kg]{ ;'¿ nufgLsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ;fwg
pknAw u/fpg]
#= ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo / bL3{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg nIo tf]Sg] .
$= ;+:yfgsf ultljlwx? p2]Zocg'?k eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ .
%= p2]Zo / nIo k|flKtcg'?k ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k'/:sf/ / b08sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
^= pko'{Qm cfwf/df, ;+:yfgn] xfl;n ug'{kg]{ pknlAwx? / >L % sf]
;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ ;fwg / ckgfpg'kg]{ gLltx?af/] ;a} s'/f
:ki6 ?kn] tf]sL ;+:yfgx?;Fu s/f/gfdf ug]{ .
&= k/:k/df ;DalGwt ;+:yfgx?sf ultljlwx?df cfjZos ;dGjo sfod
ug]{ .
*= c? s]xL gug]{ .
-6_ ;+:yfgx?df /x]sf clws sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;d:of (Overstaffing) ;dfwfg ug{
t'¿Gt cfjZos sbd p7fpg] .
-7_ ;+:yfgsf] ;~rfngdf sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx?sf] a9L ;xeflutf u/fpg] p2]Zon]
Joj:yfkgåf/f sfo{ ;~rfng :t/df v8f ul/g] ljleGg ;ldltx?df sfdbf/
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
-8_ ;+:yfgx?df n]vf / n]vf k/LIf0f;DaGwL lgDglnlvt Joj:yf ug]{ M
!= Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;+:yfgsf] sfo{ ;~rfngdf a/fa/ d2t eO/fVg]
lsl;dsf] n]vf / ;"rgf k|0ffnL (Information system) sf] th'{df /
ljsf; ug]{,
131
@= ;+:yfgdf cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f / lgoGq0fsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf

ldnfpg],
#= ;+:yfgx?sf] n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ;+:yfgn] dxfn]vf k/LIfs;Fu
k/fdz{ u/L ug]{ /
$= clGtd n]vf k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf clgoldttfaf/] 6'+uf] nufpg] k|lqmof /
Joj:yf lgwf{l/t ug]{ .
!(=& ;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfng / :jfldTjdf ug'{kg]{ kl/jt{g;DaGwL gLlt

lghL If]qnfO{ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg / :jfldTjdf a9\bf] dfqfdf ;l/s ug]{
;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt l;4fGtx? ckgfpg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 M
-s_ lghL If]qn] ul//x]sf] Jofkfl/s sfo{df ;+nUg ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf]
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf :ki6 ;t{x? tf]sL lghL If]qnfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbg] .
-v_ o;} u/L gfkmfdf grn]sf t/ rNg ;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf ;+:yfgx?sf]
Joj:yfkg klg ;t{x? tf]sL 7]Ssfdf lbg] .
-u_ gfkmfdf rNg ;Sg] ;Defjgf gePsf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nodf
ljqmL ug]{ jf ælnlSj8];gÆ df k7fpg] .
-3_ lghL If]qn] a9L bIftfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] ;+:yfgx?nfO{ klg lghL
If]qnfO{ ljqmL ug]{ .
-ª_ gfkmfdf rln/x]sf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ æklAns lnld6]8 sDkgLÆ sf] ?kdf kl/0ft
u/L &%Ü ;]o/x? hg;fwf/0fdf v'nf ?kn] ljqmL ug]{ . clGtd nIf ;a}
;]o/x? ljqmL ug]{ x'g'kb{5 .
-r_ gfkmfdf grn]sf, rNg klg g;Sg] t/ ;/sf/L gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu
cfjZos ePsf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ a9L :jfoQtf k|bfg u/L tyf ltgLx?sf]
Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ u/L ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf sfod /fVg] t/ ;/sf/L gLlt /
lgb]{zgcg';f/ sfd ubf{ pgLx?nfO{ gf]S;fgL x'g] ePdf ;f] k"lt{ ug{
cfjZos cg'bfg t'¿Gt pknAw u/fpg] .
-5_ hgf]kof]uL ;]jfx?sf] ;~rfng ul//x]sf ;+:yfgx?nfO{ oyfjt\ ;/sf/L
:jfldTjdf sfod /fVg] t/ ltgLx?nfO{ a9L :jfoQtf k|bfg u/L ltgLx?sf]
Joj:yfkgdf Jofks ;'wf/ ug]{ .
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf l;4fGtcg';f/ xfn /x]sf] ;+:yfgx?dWo] s'g ;+:yfgsf
;DaGwdf s:tf] Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf k|To]s ;+:yfgsf] sfo{
k|s[lt, ljQLo l:ylt, Joj:yfkg, k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf OToflbsf] cWoog u/L l;kmfl/;
k]; ug{ cfufdL ^ dlxgfleq k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ u/L Joj:yfkg ljz]if1x? /x]sf]
132
Pp6f sfo{ 6f]nL u7g ug'{kb{5 . t/ o;}aLr dfly bkmf !(=^ df pNn]v ul/Psf
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;'wf/x? ;a} ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?df oyfzL3| nfu" ug{'kb{5 .
!(=* ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] /]vb]v;DaGwL Joj:yf

-s_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?nfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg, pgLx?sf] ultljlwx?sf] cg'udg
ug{, pgLx?sf] pknlAwsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ / pQm d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df
pgLx?n] kfpgkg]{ k'/:sf/ / b08sf ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{
l;kmfl/; ug{ Ps :jtGq æ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg cfof]uÆ sf] u7g ug'{ pko'Qm
x'g] 5 . cfof]usf] u7g ;/sf/L pRr clwsf/L / cGo of]Uo / cg'ejL
JolQmx?dWo]af6 x'g'kb{5 . cfof]usf] cfkm\g} ;lrjfno /xg'kb{5 .
-v_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?df ug]{ lgo'lQm tyf lg0f{ox?
cfof]usf] ;Nnfx lnP/ ug'{kb{5 .
!(=( cfly{s / cGo gLltdf ;'wf/

-s_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ul/g] pko'{Qm ;'wf/x?nfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L
agfpg a[xQ/ cfly{s gLltx?df klg s]xL ;'wf/x? ug'{kg]{ 5g\ . o:tf
;'wf/x? oL lbzfx?lt/ k|jflxt x'g'kb{5 M– c;fwf/0f cj:yfx?df afx]s
d"No lgoGq0f gug]{, cGo If]qx?df klg ljBdfg ;/sf/L lgoGq0f v's'nf]
kfb}{ hfg], cfoft, lgof{t / ljb]zL d'b|f;DaGwL lgoGq0f klg Go"gtd
ul/g'kb{5 .
-v_ cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf h:t} ljB't\ zlQmsf] dfunfO{ cfk"lt{ ug{ hn
ljB't\ cfof]hgfx?sf] ljsf;, lghL If]qnfO{ nufgL ug{ cfs{lift Pj+
k|f]T;flxt ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cf}Bf]lus gLltdf klg
;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
133
kl/R5]b @)
;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf tflnd / ljsf;
@)=! ljifo k|j]z
dfgj ;|f]tsf] ljsf;sf] nflu tflnd / ;ª\u7g ljsf; b'O{ clt dxÎjk"0f{ kIfx?
x'g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df jt{dfg k|zf;g ;'wf/cGtu{t ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf sfo{/t dfgj
;|f]tsf] sfo{ bIftf tyf k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ pko'Qm tflnd / Ifdtf j[l4sf
cGo pkfox? (Capalility building Measures) sf ;fy} ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf
ultljlwx? ;DaGwdf 7f]; gLlt / sfo{qmdx? cjnDag ug{ cfjZos 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gdf tflnd / ljsf;sf] ljBdfg l:yltn] ;'wf/sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ cem a9L k|i6 ?kdf cf}FNofpFb5 . Psflt/ dfgj ;|f]t ljsf;sf] sfo{
s]jn tflnd ultljlw;Dd dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ tflnd s]jn tflnd
s]Gb pGd'v ultljlwdf dfq ;Lldt 5 . ;fy} ;~rfng ePsf sltko tflndx?sf]
u'0f:t/ klg sd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kl/0ffd:j?k tflndn] JolQm, ;d"x / ;ª\u7gsf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/df cfzf u/]cg'?ksf] of]ubfg lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . csf]{lt/ dfgj
;|f]t ljsf;sf] nflu ;DefJo pkfox? klg cjnDag eO/fv]sf 5}gg\ . o;} u/L
JolQmut 1fg / l;k clwj[l4 ug]{ kIf;Fu dfq tflnd a9L s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
;ª\u7gfTds ljsf;;Fu o;nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ kl/kf6L cem a:g ;s]sf] 5}g .
tflnd sfo{ / tflnd lbg] ;+:yfut lgsfox?n] kfpg'kg]{ pRr k|fyldstf kfpg
;s]sf 5}gg\ / k|zf;lgs k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu ;+jfxs (Catalyst) sf] e"ldsf v]Ng
;s]sf 5}gg\ . o; ;Gbe{df tflnd / ljsf;sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu ljleGg sbdx?
rfNg' cfjZos 5 .
@)=@ ljBdfg l:ylt / ;d:of
-s_ sl/a tLg jif{cl3 >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 lghfdtL ;]jfsf] nflu tflnd gLlt
k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . pQm gLltsf] ;Gbe{df lgDglnlvt ;d:ofx? b]vf
k/]sf 5g\ M
!= ;j{k|yd pQm tflnd gLltn] tflnd sfo{sf] ljsf;sf] nflu :ki6
gLltut cfwf/ k|bfg ug'{ ;§f tflnd sfo{qmdsf] lgoGq0fdf a9L hf]8
lbPsf] 5 .
@= tflnd / dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; tyf ;ª\u7g ljsf; aLrsf] cGt/
;DaGwnfO{ dgg ul/Psf] 5}g .
#= tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf]
b]lvFb}g .
134
$= tflnd gLltsf] sfof{Gjog Tolt k|efjsf/L ?kdf x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .

%= tflnd gLltdf If]qut tflnd tyf ljsf; gLltsf] af/]df s'g} s'/f
pNn]v ePsf] kfOFb}g .
-v_ tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;DaGwdf lgDg ;d:ofx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ M
!= sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos :jfoQtf k|bfg gul/Psf] x'gfn] clwsf+z
tflnd s]Gb|x?n] ;;fgf s'/fsf] nflu klg dGqfno / ljefusf] d'v
tfSg] k|j[lt b]lvPsf] 5 .
@= Ps} If]q / ljleGg If]qx?df /x]sf tflnd s]Gb|sf lqmofsnfkx?aLr
;dGjosf] cefj eO{ sfddf bf]xf]/f]kg / ;|f]tsf] b'¿kof]u eO/x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
#= ljleGg tflnd s]Gb|x?df /x]sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L ?kdf
k|of]u eO/x]sf] b]lvFb}g .
$= sltko tflnd s]Gb|x?df tflnd ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
Go"gtd k"jf{wf/x? klg ePsf] b]lvFb}g .
%= sltko tflnd s]Gb|sf ultljlwx? tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf dfq
s]lGb|t ePsf] b]lvG5 . tflndnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] cg';Gwfg / k/fdz{
;]jftkm{ sd} dfqfdf dfq ;+nUg ePsf] kfOG5 .
-u_ tflndsf] p2]Zo, tflnd k|lqmof / k|ljlw tyf tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] nflu
k];fut tl/sf ckgfOPsf] b]lvFb}g . oL kIfx?df lgDglnlvt ;d:ofx?
b]lvG5g\ M
!= k|foMh;f] tflnd sfo{qmd sIffut x'g] u/]sf] / tflndsf] hf]8
;ª\VofTds pknlAwtkm{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
@= sltko tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;xL k|lqmof cjnDag gu/L ;~rfng
eO/x]sf 5g\ .
#= tflndaf6 k|bQ 1fg, l;k / cGo kIfx?sf] sfof{Gjog :t/df ePsf]
pkof]u / To;;DaGwL ;d:of tyf k|efjsfl/tf cWoogsf] ;fy}
tflndsf] cg'udg klg ePsf] b]lvFb}g .
$= tflnd ljlwsf] xsdf ;xefuL pGd'v k4lt cjnDag ePsf] b]lvGg .
%= tflnd ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; cfjZos dfqfdf x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .
-3_ k|lzIfssf] lgsf;sf] nflu ePsf k|of;x? klg ckof{Kt b]lvG5 . o;
;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt ;d:ofx? b]lvG5g\ M
135
!= k|lzIf0fsf] sfddf cg'ej gePsf jf k|lzIf0ftkm{ em'sfj gePsf

JolQmnfO{ k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df k7fpg] rng b]lvG5 .
@= sltko tflnd s]Gb|x?sf cfkm\g} sd{rf/Lx? (Core Staff) gx'Fbf tflnd
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ / :t/ sfod ug{ sl7gfO k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
#= h'g;'s} sd{rf/L klg tflnd s]Gb|df ;¿jf x'gf;fy k|lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf]
sfo{qmddf efu g} glnO{ k|lzIfs x'g] Joj:yfn] tflnd sfo{qmdsf]
:t/df c;/ kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 .
$= k|lzIfssf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;/sf/L tflnd s]Gb|x?n] s'g} 7f]; of]hgf
tof/ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g .
-ª_ tflnd sfo{qmdsf] lhDd]jf/L k|lzIffyL{ / k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?df dfq ;Lldt ePsf]
b]lvG5 . o;af6 lgDg ;d:ofx? ;[hgf ePsf 5g\ M
!= sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cefjdf Jofjxfl/s tflnd sfo{qmd th'{df
/ ;~rfng ug{ sl7gfO kg{ uPsf] kfOG5 .
@= sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] ;xof]u / cle¿lrljgf k|lzIffyL{x?af6 cflh{t
l;kx?sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsPsf] b]lvFb}g .
-r_ clwsf+z sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?df tflnd / ljsf;;DaGwL ultljlwx? g} ;~rfng
ePsf 5|}gg\ . o; sfo{nfO{ x]g]{ s'g} 5'§} PsfOsf] Joj:yf ePsf] kfOFb}g .
sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?df sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|i6
gePsf] sf/0fn] sd{rf/Lsf] tflnd cfjZostf /fd|/L ls6fg ug{ sl7g ePsf]
5 .
-5_ tflnd / sfo{ ;DkfbgaLrsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ dgg u/]sf] kfOFb}g . o;af6
lgDglnlvt ;d:ofx? ;[hgf x'g uPsf 5g\ M
!= tflnd sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt cª\sn] kbf]Ggltdf ;xof]u k'Ug] x'gfn] Ps
dlxgfeGbf nfdf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] tflnddf eP klg ;l/s x'g] k|j[lQ
b]lvG5 .
@= :ki6 sfo{ ljj/0f / ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] ;xof]usf] cefjdf
clwsf+z tflndx? ;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]6g] lsl;daf6 ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvFb}g .
#= gofF kbdf ;¿jf x'Fbf / kbf]Gglt x'Fbf axg ug'{kg]{ gofF lhDd]jf/Lsf]
nflu clgjfo{ tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ePsf] kfOFb}g .
-h_ clwsf+z ;ª\u7gx?df tflnd / ljsf; sfo{ ;~rfngnfO{ sd dxÎj lbO{
Hofb} sd ah]6 5'6\ofOPsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;[hgf x'g ePsf ;d:ofx?
lgDglnlvt 5g\ M
136
!= k|lzIfs ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]tsf] cefj .

@= sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ :jb]z tyf ljb]z tflnddf k7fpg ah]6sf] sdL .
#= tflnd s]Gb|x?df k"jf{wf/x?sf] ljsf; / ePsf k"jf{wf/x?sf] dd{t
;Def/ ug{ sl7gfO .
$= ;ª\u7g ljsf; / dfgj ;|f]t ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt cg';Gwfg Pj+
k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ g;lsPsf] .
@)=# ;'wf/sf nflu gLltut ;'emfjx?

-s_ lghfdtL ;]jf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df tflnd / ljsf; sfo{sf] ;'wf/sf
nflu lgDglnlvt gLltut ;'emfjx? k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 M
!= /fli6«o :t/df tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu gLltut Joj:yf, dfu{ bz{g /
;dGjo ug{ pRr :t/Lo ;+:yfut Joj:yf ug]{ .
@= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] nflu /fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLltsf] th'{df ug]{ .
#= sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?df tflnd / ljsf; gLlt th'{df ug]{ / tflndsf]
nflu ;ª\u7gfTds Joj:yf ug]{ .
$= tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ .
%= tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] p2]Zod"ns juL{s/0f ug]{ .
^= tflndnfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf;;Fu cfa4 ug]{ .
&= k|lzIfsx?sf] k];fut ljsf;;DaGwL Joj:yf ug]{ .
*= tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
(= g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
!)= ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;]jf pkof]u ug]{ nlIft hg;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g]
tflnd;DaGwL gLltut / ;+:yfut Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
@)=$ /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\ (National Council For Human
Resources Development) :
;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf ;a} lgsfox?sf] nflu dfgj ;|f]t tyf ;ª\u7g ljsf; ;DalGwt
gLlt / ;dli6ut of]hgf agfpg] tyf ;+:yfut ;dGjo, :t/ lgwf{/0f, ;fwgsf]
Joj:yf / d"Nofª\sg ug{ xfn s'g} ;+:yfut Joj:yf 5}g . t;y{ Jofks Pj+
bL3{sflng b[li6sf]0faf6 tflnd / ljsf; sfo{nfO{ ultzLn tyf pknlAwd"ns agfO{
/fli6«o ljsf;df dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] hgzlQm tyf ;ª\u7gsf] ljsf; ug{sf]
nflu Ps pRr :t/sf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] Pp6f /fli6«o dfgj
;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf ug{ pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
137
@)=$=! kl/ifb\sf sfo{x?

-s_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu dfu{ bz{g Pj+ lgb]{zg
lbg], cfjZos gLltx? / bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{ nfu" ug]{ u/fpg] .
-v_ ljleGg If]qut lgsfox?sf tflnd / ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx?
aLr ;dGjo ug]{ .
-u_ tflnd / ljsf; sfo{x?sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ tyf ;+:yfut cg'udg
/ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ .
-3_ tflnd tyf ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf ultljlwx? lgoldt tj/n] ;~rfng
ug{sf] nflu ;do ;dodf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ / ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
-ª_ tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{
lbg] .
-r_ /fli6«o :t/df tflnd / ljsf;sf ljleGg dxÎjk"0f{ kIfx?df cWoog,
cg';Gwfg, uf]i7L, ;Dd]ng cflb ug]{, u/fpg] .
-5_ tflnd / ljsf;nfO{ k];fut Pj+ ;+:yfut ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
@)=$=@ kl/ifb\sf] u7g
-s_ kl/ifb\ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g x'g'kg]{ .
-v_ kl/ifb\df /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf, g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f
k|lti7fgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, ;/sf/L Pj+ ;ª\ul7t ;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L
/ lghL If]qsf dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkg Pj+ tflnd;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f;Fu
;DalGwt pRr Joj:yfkg / ljz]if1x?sf] ;d]t ;dfg ?kdf
k|ltlglwTj x'g'kg]{ .
-u_ kl/ifb\nfO{ Pp6f :jfoQ lgsfosf] ?kdf u7g ul/g'kg]{ .
-3_ kl/ifb\sf] ;lrjfno ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf /xg'kg]{ o; kl/ifb\sf]
;Dks{ dGqfno klg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno x'g'kg]{ .
@)=% ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] nflu /fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLlt

;d'Rrf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfnfO{ ;d]6\g] tyf tflnd / ljsf;sf] Jofks cjwf/0ffnfO{
cjnDag ug]{ lsl;dsf] Pp6f /fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLltsf] th'{df ug]{ / o;sf]
sfof{Gjog ;d]t u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] x'g] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
138
@)=%=! /fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLltdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifox?

-s_ tflnd / ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo, gLlt Pj+ sfo{gLlt .
-v_ tflndsf] lsl;d k|lqmof / pkfox? .
-u_ k|zf;lgs Pj+ ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf] k|lqmof, o;sf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf /
tflnd;Fu PsLs/0f .
-3_ tflndsf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf Pj+ tflnd /
ljsf;sf] k];fut ljsf; .
-ª_ tflndsf] :t/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf .
-r_ k|lzIfs Pj+ ;ª\u7g ljsf;df ;+nUg JolQmx?sf] of]Uotf, :t/
pQ/bfloTj / k|lzIf0f Joj:yf .
-5_ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljsf;sf] nflu cGo Joj:yf / pkfox? tyf o;
;DaGwdf sfo{ ;ª\u7g Pj+ Joj:yfksx?sf] lhDd]jf/L / e"ldsf .
-h_ j}b]lzs tflnd;DaGwL Joj:yf .
-em_ dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; of]hgfsf] Joj:yf Pj+ dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkg;Fu
;dGjo .
-`_ tflnd / ljsf; ultljlwx?sf] ;+:yfut ;dGjo / d"Nofª\sg .
@)=%=@ /fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLltsf d"n l;4fGtx?
-s_ tflnd / ljsf;nfO{ JolQm, ;d"x tyf ;ª\u7gsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg,
pknlAw / k|efjsfl/tf;Fu k|ToIf ?kdf cfa4 ul/g'kg]{ .
-v_ tflndnfO{ s]Gb|d'vL sfo{sf] ;Lldt cy{df dfq gx]/L sfo{ ;ª\u7gleq
klg ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtf j[l4sf cGo pkfox?sf] ?kdf lng] / ;ª\u7g
tyf k|zf;lgs ljsf;;Fu PsLs/0f ug'{kg]{ b[li6sf]0f lng] .
-u_ tflnd / ljsf;nfO{ sfo{sf/L lhDd]jf/L (Executive Responsibility) sf]
?kdf lng] tyf o;sf] d'Vo pQ/bfloTj ;ª\u7gsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v /
pRr Joj:yfkgn] lng'kg]{ .
-3_ tflnd / ljsf;nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] cfTdljsf;, j[lQ ljsf;, k];fut
ljsf; / ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf] d'Vo ;fwgsf] ?kdf lng] .
-ª_ tflnd / ljsf;nfO{ Pp6f Joj;flos / ljz]if1tfd"ns sfo{sf] ?kdf
x]g]{ / lgof]lht sfo{sf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{ .
-r_ tflnd / ljsf;sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df ljlzi6Ls/0f / nlIft ;d"xk|lt
pGd'v x'g] (Client Orientation) cjwf/0ff cjnDag ug]{ .
139
@)=^ lghfdtL ;]jf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df tflnd / ljsf;

sfo{sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f
sfo{ ;ª\u7gn] tflnd / ljsf;sf] k|fylds bfloTj cfkm}n] jxg ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf]
ljsf; ;fj{hlgs If]qdf eO;s]sf] 5}g . tflnd / ljsf; d'Vo ?kn] ;DalGwt
sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] Joj:Yffkgsf] -vf; u/L sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf]_ lhDd]jf/L xf] eGg]
wf/0ffsf] klg ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf/0f sfo{ ;ª\u7gleq tflnd /
ljsf;sf] sfo{ ;Lldt / sdhf]/ l:yltdf /x]sf] 5 . ;ª\u7gleq o; sfo{nfO{
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ lgDg sbdx? rflng'kb{5 M
-s_ k|To]s dGqfno, ljefu Pj+ ;+:yfgx?sf] p2]Zo / sfo{ ljj/0f ls6fg ubf{
tflnd / ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L klg :ki6 ?kdf tf]Sg] .
-v_ sfo{sf/L k|d'v / cGo txsf Joj:yfksx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf g}
cfk"mcGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflnd / ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg] .
-u_ k|d'v nufot cGo txsf Joj:yfksx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] Pp6f
k|d'v cfwf/ tflnd / ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L slt kfngf u/]sf] 5, o;nfO{
dfGg] .
-3_ pRr Joj:yfkg nufot cGo txsf clws[tx?sf] tflnd tyf ljsf;;DaGwL
Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ pgLx?nfO{ pko'Qm tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
@)=^=! sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] ;+/rgf
dGqfno, ljefu tyf ;+:yfg :t/sf ;ª\u7gx?df tflnd / ljsf;
PsfOx? :yfkgf ug]{ . o:tf PsfOx? ;Dej eP;Dd clws[t k|yd geP
sDtLdf clws[t låtLo :t/sf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] u7g ug]{ .
tflnd / ljsf; PsfOn] lgDg sfo{x? ug'{kb{5 M
-s_ ;ª\u7gsf] nflu tflnd / ljsf;sf cfjZostfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
-v_ ;ª\u7gsf] tflnd / ljsf; gLlt tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ ug]{ /
;f] gLlt tyf of]hgf :jLs[t ePkl5 nfu" ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lng] .
-u_ cfGtl/s tflnd / ljsf; sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
-3_ If]qut /fli6«o / cGo tflnd ;+:yfx?;Fu cfjZos ;Dks{ / ;dGjo
sfod /fVg] .
-ª_ :j]bz tyf ljb]zdf x'g] tflnddf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k7fpg] ;DaGwdf
sf/afxL ug]{ .
140
-r_ tflndkl5 tflnddf l;s]sf s'/fx?x?sf] pkof]u ug{ d2t ug]{,

cg'udg ug]{ .
-5_ ;ª\u7gleq tflnd / ljsf;sf] sfo{ ug{ cGo Joj:yfksx?nfO{
;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
dfly plNnlvt k|To]s lgsfodf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] cWoIftf / cGo pRr
Joj:yfksx?sf] ;xeflutfdf Pp6f tflnd / ljsf; ;ldlt agfpg] .
;ª\u7gdf tflnd / ljsf;sf] sfo{sf] bfloTj o; ;ldltdf lglxt ug]{
;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf tflnd / ljsf; PsfOnfO{ /fVg] .
;ldltn] lgDg sfo{x? ug'{kb{5 M
-s_ tflnd / ljsf; gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu dfu{ bz{g,
;'kl/j]If0f / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ .
-v_ gLltut s'/fx?df cfGtl/s / afXo ;dGjo sfod /fVg] .
-u_ tflnd / ljsf; tyf ;ª\u7gsf cGo sfo{x?nfO{ PsLs[t u/L
cufl8 a9fpg] .
-3_ ;ª\u7gleqsf] tflnd ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfngdf cfjZos ;xof]u /
;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
@)=^=@ If]qut tflnd
If]qut (Sectoral) :t/df tflnd / ljsf; sfo{nfO{ ;dlGjt ug{ / ;'b[9
agfpg qmlds ?kdf If]qut tflnd / ljsf; gLlt tyf of]hgf agfpFb}
hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . kl5 uP/ ljleGg If]qut tflnd / ljsf; ;ldltx?
(Sectoral Training Board) qmlds ?kdf u7g ub}{ hfg] l;4fGt cjnDag
ug'{kb{5 .
@)=& tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;

ljleGg dGqfno tyf ljefu Pj+ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?cGtu{t ;~rfng eO/fv]sf
tflnd s]Gb|x? cfkm\gf] If]qut (Sectoral) lgsfosf] dfgj ;|f]tsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Pj+
k|zf;lgs tyf ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf] sfo{df cfjZos / k|efjsf/L e"ldsf v]Ng
;ls/fv]sf 5}gg\ . tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu lgDg pkfox?
ckgfOg'kb{5 M
-s_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf k|zf;g / Joj:yfkg;DaGwL /fli6«o tflnd s]Gb|sf] ?kdf
g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
141
-v_ If]qut (Sectoral) tflndsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{sf] nflu Ps}

ljifoIf]qcGtu{tsf ljleGg lgsfox?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg] tflnd s]Gb|x?nfO{
If]qut tflnd s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug]{ .
-u_ ;/sf/L lgsfo Pj+ ;+:yfgx?sf] nflu ljz]if k|sf/sf] tflnd cfjZostfx?
k"/f ug{] tflnd s]Gb|nfO{ ;ª\u7g :t/sf] (In house) tflnd s]Gb|sf] ?kdf
/fVg] .
-3_ If]qut tflnd s]Gb|x?nfO{ ;DalGwt If]q (Sector) sf gLlt lgdf{tf /
ljz]if1x? ePsf] tflnd ;ldltcGtu{t /fv]/ :jzfl;t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf
;~rfng ug]{ .
-ª_ ;ª\u7gleqsf] tflnd s]Gb|nfO{ klg Jofj;flos ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ sfo{
:jfoQtf lbOg'kg]{ . t/ tflnd s]Gb|x?n] tflnd / ljsf; ;DaGwdf
kl/ifb\sf] gLlt lgb]{zgcg'?k cfcfkm\gf] If]qut gLlt / sfo{qmd agfO{ sfo{
ug'{kg]{ .
-r_ ljleGg :t/sf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;~rfngsf] nflu Go"gtd ef}lts, ljQLo
tyf dfgjLo k"jf{wf/x? lgwf{/0f ug]{ / pQm k"jf{wf/x?sf] Joj:yf geO{sg
tflnd ;~rfng ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-5_ ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf] nflu ul/g] ;ª\u7g tyf sfo{ljlw (O&M) ;j]{If0f tyf
cGo ;j]{If0f tyf cGo ;ª\u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdx? ;DalGwt tflnd
s]Gb|x?af6 ;~rfng u/fpg] jf tflnd s]Gb|sf] ;xof]udf ;DalGwt sfo{
;ª\u7gn] ug]{ .
-h_ ljleGg tflnd s]Gb|x?n] pknAw ef}lts, z}lIfs / dfgjLo ;|f]tx?sf]
clwstd pkof]u ug{ cfk;df ;xof]u / ljlgdo ug]{ .
-em_ k|To]s tflnd s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdx?sf] lgoldt d"Nofª\sg ug'{sf ;fy}
k|To]s kfFr jif{df ;+:yfut / k|efj d"Nofª\sg ug]{ .
-`_ /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] gLlt lgb]{zgcGtu{t /xL ;a} tflnd
s]Gb|sf k|d'vx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L tflnd ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
@)=&=! tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf
-s_ cfkm\gf] ;]jf pkef]u ug]{ lgsfo jf ;ª\u7gx?sf] dfgj ;|f]t tyf
nlIft ;d"xsf] nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf tflnd sfo{qmdx? th'{df ug]{,
;~rfng ug]{ tyf d"Nofª\sg / cg'udg ug]{ .
-v_ ;ª\u7gleqsf] tflnd / ljsf; PsfOnfO{ cfjZos ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
142
-u_ ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] k|zf;lgs Pj+ ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf] sfo{ ug]{ /

sfo{ ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
-3_ tflnd s]Gb|sf] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleqsf ljleGg ljifo, ;d:of tyf k|ljlw
h:tf s'/fx?df cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|sfzg ug]{ .
-ª_ ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ k/fdz{ / ;"rgf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
-r_ ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] ug'{kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
@)=&=@ tflnd s]Gb|sf] ;+:yfut cWoog
tflnddf bf]xf]/f]kg x6fpg ljleGg :t/sf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ljifout sfo{If]q
/ pQ/bfloTj :ki6 ?kdf ls6fg ul/g'kb{5 . o; l;nl;nfdf df}h'bf
tflnd s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ PsLs/0f, lj36g jf ljefhg ug{ tyf
gofF s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug{ lj:t[t cWoogsf] cfjZos ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf
klg /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\af6 sfo{ ;'¿ u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
@)=* tflndsf] juL{s/0f

xfn ;~rfng eO/x]sf tflnd lqmofsnfkx? vf; u/]/ ;]jf k|j]z / ;]jfsfnLg
tflndsf] ?kdf dfq ;Lldt 5g\ . tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;a} ljifoj:t' (Genearal
Type) ;dfj]z x'g] vfnsf] ePsf]n] o;af6 k|efjsf/L glthf k|fKt x'g ;ls/fv]sf]
5}g . tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] l;nl;nfdf tflndnfO{ lgDgcg';f/
juL{s/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
@)=*=! ;]jf k|j]z
;]jfdf gofF k|j]z ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu cfcfkm\gf] sfo{If]q /
pQ/bfloTjaf/] cjut u/fpg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|efjsf/L ?kdf u/fpgsf
nflu k|bfg ul/g] .
@)=*=@ ;]jfsfnLg
sfo{/t txdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg a9L k|efjsf/L ?kdf ug{ cfjZos kg]{ 1fg /
l;ksf] clej[l4 ug{sf ;fy} ;]jf;DaGwL lhDd]jf/L lng tof/ kfg{ k|bfg
ul/g] .
@)=*=# ljz]if
s'g} vf; sfo{ ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ tyf sfo{
;Dkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt ljz]if ;d:ofnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L k|bfg ul/g] .
143
@)=*=$ ;+:yfut (In house)
sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?sf] ;ª\u7gfTds ljsf; / ;d:ofdf s]lGb|t u/L k|bfg

ul/g] .
@)=( nlIft ;d"x

-s_ tflnd tyf ljsf; ultljlwx? lghfdtL ;]jf Pj+ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df
/x]sf tLg ju{x?nfO{ nlIft u/L ;~rfng ug]{ M pRr Joj:yfkg, dWod
:t/Lo Joj:yfkg / ;xfos :t/ . tflndnfO{ k|To]s ju{n] ug'{ d'Vo
sfo{x?sf] k|efjsf/L ;Dkfbgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljifox? tkm{ s]lGb|t
ug]{ .
-v_ ;xfos sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lo :t/df k|bfg ul/g] tflndsf] cnfjf If]qLo
:t/df tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ qmdzM ljs]lGb|t u/L ;~rfng ub}{ hfg] .
@)=!) tflnd / sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf;

-s_ ;xfos :t/ Pj+ clws[t :t/sf] ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf k|j]z tflnd
clgjfo{ ug]{ .
-v_ k|To]s txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|efjsf/L ?kdf ug{ tyf
dflyNnf] txsf] nflu of]Uo agfpg ;]jfsfnLg tflnd lbg] . kbf]Gglt ePkl5
klg gofF kbsf] lhDd]jf/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;Dkbfg ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt
sfo{ ;ª\u7g / tflnd s]Gb|n] ;]jfsfnLg tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
-u_ ;]jfsfnLg tflndsf] cnfjf k|To]s txdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfcfkm\gf]
sfo{If]q;Fu ;DalGwt l;k clej[l4sf] nflu ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ª\u7g / tflnd
s]Gb|af6 ljz]if tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
-3_ Ps sfo{ ;ª\u7gaf6 csf]{ sfo{ ;ª\u7gdf ;¿jf ePkl5 ;¿jf eO{ uPsf]
sfo{ ;ª\u7g / ;f] ;ª\u7gsf] sfo{ k|s[ltaf/] ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ª\u7gn]
kl/rofTds tflnd (Orientation) sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
@)=!)=! k|lzIfs ljsf;;DaGwL Joj:yf
k|lzIfs ljsf; ;DaGwdf s'g} 7f]; gLlt gePsf] / h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ klg k|lzIfssf]
?kdf ;¿jf ug{ ;lsg] kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;~rfng eO/fv]sf 5}gg\ . o;y{ tflnd s]Gb|x?df k];fljb\ (Professional)
k|lzIfsx?sf] ljsf; ug{ lgDg sbdx? rfNg'kg]{ b]lvG5 M
144
-s_ ;a} tflnd s]Gb|df k|lzIfssf] ?kdf g} sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lx? (Core Staff) sf]
Joj:yf u/L lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|lzIfsx?sf] Pp6f 5'§} pk;d"x bL3{sfnLg
;'wf/sf] qmddf u7g ug]{ .
-v_ k|lzIfssf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ljsf; ug{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f lg/Gt/
?kdf k|bfg ug]{ .
-u_ k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f sfo{df k|efjsf/L agfpg k|lzIf0f If]q;Fu ;DalGwt
ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug{ nufpg] . ;fy} sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf] ljsf;df k/fdz{
;]jf k|bfg ug{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ tflnd s]Gb| ;~rfng ug{ cg'ejL JolQmx?sf] klg cfjZostf kg]{ ePsf]n]
lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu cfcfkm\gf] sfo{ ;ª\u7gaf6 To:tf JolQmx?nfO{
k|lzIfssf] ?kdf sfo{ u/fpg] . o;/L sfhdf cfpg] JolQmnfO{ klg clgjfo{
?kdf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f lbg] .
-ª_ k|lzIfsx?nfO{ Jofjxfl/s sfo{sf] cg'ej u/fpg ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ª\u7gdf
uO{ s]xL ;do sfo{ ug{ nufpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-r_ k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df s'g} ljz]if1sf] cfjZostf k/]df To:tf] ljz]if1 s/f/ ;]jfdf
Nofpg ;lsg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-5_ k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg eQfsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
@)=!)=@ tflnd tyf ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf lgsfo / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?n] sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflnd
tyf ljsf;sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] tna eQfsf] sDtLdf kfFr k|ltzt /sd
5'6\ofpg] . ljleGg lgsfocGtu{tsf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
/sdsf] klg 5'§} Joj:yf ug]{ .
@)=!! g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] e"ldsf

;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf tflnd / ljsf; sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpFb} n}hfg g]kfn k|zf;lgs
k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgn] cem a9L k|efjsf/L / dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng' cfjZos 5 .
/fli6«o :t/sf] tflnd, cg';Gwfg / k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfosf] ?kdf
k|lti7fgsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg lgDg gLltx? ckgfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 M
-s_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf pRr :t/sf] k|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ljsf; ;+:yf
(Management Development Centre) sf] ?kdf k|lti7fgsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{
:ki6 ?kdf lgwf{l/t ug]{ . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu k|lti7fgn] lgDg sfo{x?df
hf]8 lbg'kg]{ 5 M
145
!= ;fj{hlgs tyf ljsf; k|zf;g, Joj:yfkg / of]hgf Pj+ cfly{s

ljsf; cflb ljifox?df ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf clws[t :t/sf ;Dk"0f{
txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf k|j]z, ;]jfsfnLg, ljz]if / ;+:yfut tflnd
k|bfg ug]{ .
@= dfly plNnlvt ljifox? nufot ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] lgldQ dxÎjk"0f{
cGo gLltut / ;d:ofd"ns ljifox?df cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L
gLltut ;'wf/x?sf] ljifodf ;'emfj lbg] .
#= ;a} If]qut lgsfox?sf] nflu pRr Joj:yfkg ljsf; sfo{qmdx?
(Senior Executive Development Programmes) ;~rfng ug]{ .
$= >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ;lrjx?, ljlzi6 >]0fLsf clws[tx? Pj+
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf sfo{sf/L k|d'vx?sf] nflu k|zf;g, Joj:yfkg,
;ª\u7g ljsf;;DaGwL uf]i7Lx? cfof]hgf ug]{ .
%= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?df Joj:yfkg / ;ª\u7g ljsf;sf
sfo{x? -h:t} k|lqmofut ;'wf/, k4lt ljsf;, sfo{ ;'wf/_ ;~rfng
ug]{ / ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] .
^= ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu k/fdz{ / ljz]if1 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
-v_ If]qut tyf sfo{ ;ª\u7g :t/sf] tflnd / ljsf; ultljlwx?sf] ;+:yfut
ljsf;sf] nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ k|d'v /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] ?kdf
k|lti7fgnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ / o;sf] nflu k|lti7fgn] lgDg sfo{x? ug'{kb{5 M
!= tflnd / ljsf; sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] ljsf;sf] nflu k|lzIf0f
k|lqmof tyf ;ª\u7g ljsf; (Organisation Development) ;DaGwL
l;k ljsf; sfo{qmdx? Pj+ uf]i7Lx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
@= tflnd / ljsf; sfo{;DaGwL gLltut, k|lqmofut / ;d:ofd"ns
cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ / cGo ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;f] sfo{ ug{ d2t ug]{ .
#= tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu k/fdz{ / ;"rgf ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{ .
$= cGo tflnd s]Gb|x? / sfo{ ;ª\u7gx?;Fu ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ug]{ .
-u_ gLlt lgdf{0fstf{x?, ;f+;bx?, Pj+ gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg pRr
Joj:yfksx?nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f, k|zf;g ;'wf/ / /fli6«o ljsf;sf dxÎjk"0f{
kIfx?af/] ;do ;dodf uf]i7L Pj+ 5nkmn sfo{qmdx? cfof]hgf ug]{ .
146
-3_ blIf0f Pl;ofsf] ;fy} cGo If]qx?sf /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t Pj+ Joj:yfkg
ljsf;;DaGwL lgsfox?;Fu ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{ /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] ?kdf
ljsl;t ug]{ .
-ª_ k|zf;gsf ljljw kIfx?, k|zf;g ;'wf/ / Joj:yfkg ljsf; h:tf dxÎjk"0f{
ljifox?df ljrf/, cg';Gwfg / ljZn]if0f ug]{ / gLltut ljsNkx? (Policy
Options) k|:tfljt ug]{ k|fl1s ;+:yf (Think Tank) sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug]{ .
-r_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] nflu pRr :t/sf] Joj:yfksLo hgzlQmsf] ljsf; /
Joj:yfkg Ifdtf j[l4sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?;Fu ldn]/
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
-5_ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf ug]{ k|zf;g ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx?sf]
k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ tflnd, cg';Gwfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf
tyf ;"rgf ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ .
-h_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|zf;sLo tflndnfO{ ljlzi6Ls/0fsf] cfwf/df
ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg xfn k|lti7fgcGtu{tsf] ;xfos sd{rf/L k|lzIf0f
s]Gb|nfO{ 5'§} :jfoQ lgsfosf] ?kdf qmlds ?kn] ljsl;t ub}{ nUg
pko'Qm x'g] .
@)=!@ nlIft hg;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] tflnd;DaGwL gLltut / ;+:yfut

Joj:yf M
>L % sf] ;/sf/cGtu{tsf clwsf+z tflnd s]Gb|x?n] d'Vo ?kdf ;/sf/L lgsfosf]
;]jf pkof]u ug]{ hg ;d"xnfO{ tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;;DaGwL
:ki6 gLltsf] cefjdf ;~rfng ePsf] o; lsl;dsf] tflnd sfo{qmdx? k|efjsf/L
x'g g;Sg'sf ;fy} sfo{qmddf bf]xf]/f]kg / tflnd;DaGwL ljleGg ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf gLltut / ;+:yfut Joj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ lgDg
Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
-s_ k|:tfljt /fli6«o dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; kl/ifb\n] ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;]jf pkef]u
ug]{ nlIft ;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] tflndsf] nflu gLlt th'{df ug]{ .
-v_ o;k|sf/sf] tflndx? Ps lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf Ps tflnd s]Gb|dfkm{t
dfq ;~rfng ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{ . s'g ef}uf]lns If]qdf s'g tflnd
s]Gb|nfO{ o;k|sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o ug{sf] nflu xfn
eO/x]sf tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] Ifdtf / k"jf{wf/x?sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df
5gf]6 ug]{ . cfjZostfcg';f/ pQm If]qdf /x]sf :ynut tflnd s]Gb| jf
PsfOx?nfO{ PsLs/0f ub}{ hfg] gLlt lng] .
147
-u_ ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] cfkm\gf] nlIft hg;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] If]qut
tflndx? pQm s]Gb|dfkm{t k|bfg ug]{ . cfjZostfcg';f/ pQm s]Gb|af6 3'DtL
tflnd klg ;~rfng ug]{ .
-3_ dlxnf ju{sf] ljz]if cfjZostfcg'?k df}h'bf :yfgLo ljsf;, >d tyf
;fdflhs sNof0f, lzIff, pBf]u cflb dGqfnox?af6 ;~rfng eO/x]sf
tflnd tyf ljsf; sfo{qmdx?df bf]xf]/f]kg gkg]{ u/L Pp6} ;+:yfut
Joj:yfaf6 ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu df}h'bf dlxnf tflnd lqmofsnfk /
;+:yfx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
@)=!@=! u}/;/sf/L Pj+ lghL If]qdf tflnd
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? Pj+ lghL If]qnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L dfqfdf ;fj{hlgs
;]jf;DaGwL sfo{x? ;'Dkb} hfg] gLltcg'?k logLx?sf] sfo{ Ifdtf
clej[l4sf] nflu u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qdf tflndsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf]
nflu gLltut / ;+:yfut Joj:yf klg /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\n]
ldnfpg' pko'Qm x'g] 5 .
@)=!# k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u -@)$*_ sf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu

ul/g'kg]{ Joj:yf
kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df ;fj{hlgs ;]jfaf6 hgtfnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L ;]jf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon]
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]un] k|:tfljt u/]sf] sfo{ k|0ffnLdf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgåf/f ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]
;+nUgtfsf] ;fy} cGo :jb]zL Pj+ ljb]zL lgsfox?sf] ;xof]udf lgDg ljifodf
tTsfn tflnd tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm x'g] 5M
-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg,
-v_ sfo{ ;/nLs/0f,
-u_ ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg,
-3_ ;ª\u7gfTds :j?k tyf clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg,
-ª_ hg;Dks{ tyf hg pQ/bfloTj (Public Accountablility),
-r_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] wf/0ffdf kl/jt{g tyf sfo{ k|lta4tf,
-5_ u}/;/sf/L If]qx?nfO{ ;'lDkg] sfo{If]q,
-h_ cGo cfjZos ljifox? .
148
@)=!$ sfof{Gjog tflnsf

qm= ;+= sfof{Gjogsf If]qx? lgsfo cjlw
@)=!$=! /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf]
:yfkgf
s kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf / o;sf] ;+:yfut cg'udg PsfO @)$( ;fn
ljsf;sf] nflu lj:t[t sfo{ of]hgf j}zfv
agfpg ljz]if1x?sf] sfo{bn u7g d;fGtleq
ug]{ .
v sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / dlGqkl/ifb\ sfo{bn @)$( ;fn
;dIf k]; ug]{ . cfiff9 d;fGt
u kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf ug]{ dlGqkl/ifb\ @)$( ;fn
;lrjfno >fj0f d;fGt
@)=!$=@ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] nflu /fli6«o
tflnd / ljsf; gLltsf] th'{df
s tflnd / ljsf; gLlt th'{dfsf] /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
nflu sfo{bn u7g ug]{ ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] >fj0f !%
;lrjfno
v tflnd / ljsf; gLltsf] d:of}bf sfo{bn @)$( ;fn efb|
tof/ ug]{ / k|:tfj ug]{ . d;fGt
u tflnd / ljsf; gLlt :jLs[t ug]{ /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
/ nfu" ug]{ ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] cflZjg d;fGt
;lrjfno
@)=!$=# lghfdtL ;]jf tyf ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfgx?df tflnd / ljsf;
sfo{sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f
s dGqfno, ljefu Pj+ ;+:yfgx?sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ @)$( ;fn
p2]Zo / sfo{ ljj/0fdf tflnd / ;DalGwt dGqfno j}zfv d;fGt
ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg]
v Joj:yfksx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt sfo{sf/L t'¿Gt
cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflnd / k|d'v
ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg]
dGqfno, ljefu tyf ;+:yfgx?df ;DalGwt dGqfno, @)$( ;fn
u tflnd / ljsf; PsfOsf] :yfkgf ljefu / ;+:yfg >fj0f d;fGt
ug]{
3 dGqfno, ljefu / ;+:yfgdf tflnd ;DalGwt dGqfno @)$( ;fn
/ ljsf; ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ljefu / ;+:yfg >fj0f d;fGt
ª tflnd s]Gb| k|d'vx? ;+nUg ePsf] /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn efb|
149
tflnd ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ljsf; kl/ifb\ d;fGt

r If]qut tflnd gLlt th'{df ug]{ ;DalGwt dGqfno qmlds ?kdf
tflnd / ljsf; ;ldlt u7g ug]{
@)=!$=$ tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t qmlds ?kdf
-o;cGtu{t ljleGg sfo{x? /fli6«o ljsf; kl/ifb\,
tyf If]qut tflnd / ljsf; ;DalGwt dGqfno,
gLltx?df Joj:yf u/L qmlds tflnd / ljsf;
?kdf nfu" ub}{ hfg]_ . ;ldlt tyf
tflnd s]Gb|x?
@)=!$=% tflndsf] juL{s/0f -o; cGtu{t /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
k|:tfljt Joj:yfx? /fli6«o tflnd ljsf; kl/ifb\ cflZjg d;fGt
/ ljsf; gLltdf ;dfj]z ug]{_
@)=!$=^ tflnd / sd{rf/Lsf] j[lt ljsf; /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
-o;cGtu{t k|:tfljt Joj:yfx? ljsf; kl/ifb\ cflZjg d;fGt
/fli6«o tflnd / ljsf; gLltdf
;dfj]z ug]{_
@)=!$=& k|lzIfs ljsf;;DaGwL Joj:yf
;a} tflnd s]Gb|x?df k|lzIfsx?sf] ;DalGwt dGqfno @)$( ;fn
s ?kdf sfo{ ug{ cfkm\g} sd{rf/L ;+:yfg >fj0f d;fGt
(Core Staff) sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
v k|lzIfssf] nflu k|f]T;fxg eQfsf] /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
Joj:yf ug]{ ljsf; kl/ifb\ >fj0f d;fGt
cy{ dGqfno
u k|lzIfs ljsf;sf] nflu tflnd tyf g]kfn k|zf;lgs lgoldt ?kdf
cGo Joj:yf ug]{ . k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg,
;DalGwt sfo{
;ª\u7g /
tflnd s]Gb|
3 k|lzIfs;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfx? /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t qmlds ?kdf
ljsf; kl/ifb\,
;DalGwt dGqfno,
;+:yfg, tflnd
s]Gb|x?
@)=!$=* tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu ;|f]tsf] /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
Joj:yf ljsf; kl/ifb\, >fj0f d;fGt
cy{ dGqfno
@)=!$=( g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] k|lti7fg /fli6«o qmlds ?kdf
150
e"ldsf -o; cGtu{tsf k|:tfljt dfgj ;|f]t ljsf;

Joj:yfx? k|lti7fgsf] jflif{s tyf kl/ifb\
bL3{sfnLg of]hgfx?, /fli6«o dfgj
;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] gLlt /
of]hgf Pj+ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L
qmlds ?kdf nfu" ub}{ hfg]_ .
@)=!$=!) nlIft hg;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t
tflnd;DaGwL gLltut / ;+:yfut ljsf; kl/ifb\ /
Joj:yf ;DalGwt
dGqfnox?
s ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;]jf pkef]u ug]{ /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn
nlIft ;d"xnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ljsf; kl/ifb\ c;f]h d;fGt
tflnd;DaGwL gLlt th'{df ug]{
sfo{bn u7g ug]{ .
v gLltsf] d:of}bf tof/ k]; ug{ / sfo{bn /fli6«o @)$( ;fn
sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; dª\l;/ d;fGt
kl/ifb\ ;DalGwt
dGqfno
u ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfwf/df nlIft hg /fli6«o dfgj ;|f]t @)$( ;fn k';
;d"xnfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yfx? ljsf; kl/ifb\
lgwf{/0f ug{, PsLs/0f ug{ /
logLx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu
cWoog / sfo{ of]hgf agfpg
sfo{bn u7g ug]{
3 sfo{ of]hgf k|:t't ug]{ / sfo{bn /fli6«o @)$( ;fn
To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfgj kmfu'g d;fGt
;|f]t ljsf;
kl/ifb\, ;DalGwt
dGqfnox?
151
kl/R5]b @!
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f
@!=! ljifo k|j]z
e|i6frf/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts ljs[ltsf] ;"rs xf] . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f
ug]{ p2]Zon] ljutdf klg w]/} k|of;x? ePsf lyP . e|i6frf/nfO{ ;+:yfut ?kn]
lgjf/0f ug{ @))( ;fndf e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g th'{df u/L ;f] P]gcGtu{t e|i6frf/
lgjf/0f ljefusf] :yfkgf eof] . e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ug]{ sfo{df pko'{Qm P]g ckof{Kt
dx;'; ePkl5 @)!# ;fndf /fi6« ;]jsx?sf] -e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f_ P]g Jojxf/df
NofOof] . of] P]gn] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ljefusf] ;§f ljz]if k|x/L ljefu /xg] Joj:yf
u¥of] . cGttM @)!& ;fndf e|i6frf/;DaGwL sfg'gnfO{ PsLs[t u/L e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f
P]g, @)!& hf/L eof] .
o;} u/L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( df ePsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wgn] -@)#@ ;fn_ clVtof/
b'¿kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]u /xg] Joj:yf u¥of] / @)#$ ;fndf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u
lgjf/0f cfof]u u7g eof] . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] klg cg'lrt sfo{
tyf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] Joj:yf u/]sf]5 .
o;k|sf/ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ug{ sfg'gL tyf ;fª\u7lgs pkfox?nfO{ k|fyldstf
lbPsf] b]lvG5 . oL k|of;x?sf] afah'b klg cGo d'n'sx?df h:t} g]kfndf klg
e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . jf:tjdf e|i6frf/ ;fdflhs / JolQmut d"No /
dfGotf;Fu k|ToIf?kn] ;Da4 5 . t;y{ e|i6frf/ pGd"ng ug]]{ sfo{ Hofb}sl7g 5 .
t/ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ eg] ;Dej / Jofjxfl/s x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] of]
kl/R5]b oxL nIotkm{ pGd'v (Oriented) 5 .
@!=@ e|i6frf/sf sf/s tÎjx?

e|i6frf/ d'Vo sf/s tÎjx? o;k|sf/ 5g\ M
-s_ cfly{s sf/0f
a9\bf] dxFuLsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] qmo zlQm x|f;
eO{ lghx?sf] Go"gtd cfjZostf k"/f x'g g;Sg' .
-v_ ;fdflhs sf/0f M
!= st{Jolgi7 / Odfgbf/sf] t'ngfdf h'g;'s} k|sf/n] eP klg cyf]{kfh{g
ug]{sf] ;Ddfg x'g' .
@= wfld{s tyf g}lts dfGotf xfnsf] ;dfhdf sd x'Fb} hfg' /
152
#= ;fdflhs /Lltl/jfhdf t8s e8s a9\b} uPsf]n] u}/ sfg'gL 9Ën]

cyf]{kfh{g ug]{ k|lt:kwf{ a9\g' /
-u_ /fhgLlts sf/0f M
!= e|i6frf/df ;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ obfsbf pRr :t/af6 ;+/If0f k|fKt x'g]
k|j[lQn] ubf{ o:tf] txdf ;Dks{ a9fpg ;s] e|i6frf/ IfDo x'g ;S5
eGg] wf/0ff ;dfhdf a9g' /
@= ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ /fhgLlts bn tyf ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?
e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w / lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{k|lt pbfl;g /xg' .
-3_ k|zf;lgs sf/0f M
!= of]hgf th'{df ubf{ e|i6frf/ x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgfx? -h:t} M lj:t[t
;DefJotf cWoog gu/fO{ ah]6 Joj:yf ug'{, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/sf]
x|f; tyf ;fwgsf] cfwf/ r'xfj6 cflb /f]Sg b/ ljZn]if0f Pj+
cfwf/x? (Norms) cBfjlws gu/fO{ of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{_ af/] ljrf/
gul/g' .
@= sd{rf/L ;DklQ ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L oyfy{ n]vfhf]vf x'g g;Sg',
#= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu th'{df ul/Psf P]g lgodx? k|efjsf/L ?kn]
sfof{Gjog g'x'g',
$= ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ bIftf, l;k tyf tflndsf]
sdL / cg';Gwfgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fwgx?sf] Joj:yf gx'g' /
%= cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g] lgsfodf ;¿jf jf kb:yfkgsf] nflu ljleGg
k|sf/sf] bafa lbg] jf eg;'g ug]{ k|j[lQ a9\g' .
@!=# ljBdfg ;d:ofx?

e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{df lgDg ;d:ofx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ M
-s_ e|i6frf/ Pp6} JolQm jf kbflwsf/Lsf] cu|;/tfn] sd} dfq x'g] ub{5 .
o;sf] nflu ljleGg JolQm jf kbflwsf/Lsf] ;xof]u cfjZos kb{5 .
o;k|sf/ kf/:kl/s u7aGwg u/L e|i6frf/ x'g] x'Fbf k|df0f h'6fpg] sfo{
sl7g x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
-v_ bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflbsf] gfpFaf6 x'g] e|i6frf/sf] lgoGq0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
-u_ s'g} sfof{nosf sd{rf/Ln] e|i6frf/ u/]sf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|d'vn]
yfxf kfPdf klg e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kG5fpg] k|j[lQ b]lvG5 .
153
-3_ e|i6frf/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;fwf/0ftM ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ h:tf]
;hfo lbg] k|rng 5 . ;DklQsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L e|i6frf/af6 sdfPsf]
;DklQ hkmt u/]sf] pbfx/0f k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5}g .
@!=$ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu k|:tfljt ;'emfjx?

Odfgbf/L dflyNnf] txaf6 ;'¿ x'g'kb{5 . lghfdtL ;]jf nufot cGo ;a} ;]jfx?df
klg Odfgbfl/tfsf] cefj dfGo tyf :jLsfo{ x'g' x'Fb}g . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu
cfjZos x'g] pko'Qm k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug{ ;j{k|yd e|i6frf/ oyf;Dej x'g} g;Sg]
jftfj/0f ;[hgf ul/g'kb{5 . e|i6frf/ ePdf e|i6frf/Ldfly sfg'gL sf/afxL ul/g'
kb{5 . t;y{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu lg/f]wfTds (Preventive) / pkrf/fTds
(Curative) pkfox? cjnDag ul/g'kb{5 .
@!=$=! lg/f]wfTds pkfox?

-s_ ;/sf/L jf cGo ;fj{hlgs sfd sf/afxL ;/n / kf/bz{s
(Transparent) x'g'kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu kf]:6 aS;, 6]lnkmf]g, h:tf
ljifodf ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;/sf/L k|of]hg / ;fj{hlgs ljt/0fsf]
nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ;ª\Vof ;fjh{lgs ?kn] k|sflzt ug'{ kb{5 .
-v_ pBf]u, jfl0fHo h:tf If]qdf ljBdfg lgodg (Regulation) nfO{ v's'nf]
ub}{ n}hfg'kb{5 .
-u_ sd{rf/Lx?n] kfpg] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f h:tf ;'ljwf d"No ;"rL /
d'b|fl:kmltsf] cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sfg ub}{ n}hfg'kb{5 .
-3_ sd{rf/L sfo{/t :yndf cfkm\gf] 3/ gx'g]nfO{ cfjf; ;'ljwf (Quarter
Facility) pknAw u/fO{ lbg'kb{5 .
-ª_ st{Jolgi7 / Odfgbf/Lsf] c;fwf/0f pbfx/0f k|:t't ug]{ JolQm jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ tSdf, k|z+;f kq, k'/:sf/åf/f ;Ddfg
lbg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
-r_ /fhgLlts bn / ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?n] :jo+ hfu¿s eO{
cg'lrt sfd / e|i6frf/ /f]Sg hgdt tof/ ug'{kb{5 / cg'lrt sfo{
tyf e|i6frf/ ug]{dfly sf/afxL ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg k|f]T;flxt
ug'{kb{5 .
-5_ /fi6«oJofkL ?kdf g}lts lzIffsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{,
!= ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmddf g}lts lzIff ;dfj]z ug]{ /
@= >Jo b[Zo ;fdu|L tof/ u/L k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
154
-h_ ;/sf/L sfof{non] k|bfg ug]{, ;f];DaGwL sfo{qmd / ;do tflnsf

;fdfGo gful/ssf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu k|sfzg ug]{ k|rngsf] ;'¿cft
ug'{kb{5 .
-em_ n]vf k/LIf0faf6 k'li6 ePsf clgoldttfx? ;~rf/sf dfWodåf/f
;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/g'kb{5 .
-`_ e|i6frf/df clGtd ?kn] k|dfl0ft JolQmx?sf] gfdfjnL hg;dIf Nofpg]
kl/kf6L a;flng'kb{5 .
-6_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu g]t[Tj lng] ju{n] Odfgbf/Lsf] pbfx/0f
b]vfpg'kb{5 .
-7_ ;DklQ ljj/0f cBfjlws /fvL cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ckgfpg'kb{5 .
-8_ ljz]if u/L 7]Ssf k§f /fh:j / lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt sfof{nosf
sfo{x?df ;DalGwt lgsfox?af6 lgu/fgLsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
@!=$=@ pkrf/fTds pkfox?
@!=$=@=! k|zf;lgs
-s_ s'g} sfof{nodf e|i6frf/ ePdf ;f]sf] klxrfg ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L
;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] x'g'kb{5 . ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|d'vn] o;
lhDd]jf/Lsf] j]jf:tf u/]df lghdfly klg sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
-v_ s'g} sfof{no, ljefu jf dGqfnodf e|i6frf/ ePsf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt
lgsfosf k|d'vsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5 lghn] ;f] ljifopk/ cfkm"nfO{
k|Tofof]lht clwsf/adf]lhd cfkm}n] sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg] eP cfkm}n]
sf/afxL rnfpg] / ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k|:t't ug'{kg]{ eP
oyfzL3| ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k|:t't ug'{kb{5 . ljefuLo sf/afxL
tbf¿stfsf ;fy gug]{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf ;DalGwt ;'k/j]Ifsdfly
;d]t sf/afxL ug]{ kl/kf6L a;flng'kb{5 .
-u_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf] sfof{Gjog kIf Hofb} lkmtnf] ePsf]n] e|i6frf/ ug]{
k|j[lQn] a9fjf kfPsf] 5 . ;fgfltgf e|i6frf/df cfFvf lrlDng] k|j[lQn]
ubf{ 7"nf 7"nf e|i6frf/ ePsf 5g\ . t;y{, e|i6frf/ ;fgf] eP tfklg
;hfo lbg] k|rng sfod ul/g'kb{5 .
-3_ ef}lts lg/LIf0f / n]vf k/LIf0fsf] cfwf/df txlssft u/L cg'lrt
sfo{÷e|i6frf/ u/]sf] b]lvPdf sf/afxL ug]{ k/Dk/f a;flng'kb{5 .
155
-ª_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, ljz]if k|x/L ljefu /

dGqfnox?nfO{ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{df /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu
/ k|x/L sfof{non] cjfZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 .
-r_ 7"nf 7]Ssfx?sf] 5gf]6 / lg0f{o ubf{ ;ldlt u7g u/L d"Nofª\sgsf]
cfwf/df ul/g'kb{5 / d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/x? kf/bz{s x'g'kb{5 . ;fy}
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;d]t v'nf x'g'kb{5 .
-5_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k|d'v
k|fljlws k/LIfs (Chief Technical Examiner) sf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
lghn] ;a} 7"nf lgdf{0f sfo{x?df lgwf{l/t u'0f:t/ sfod eP
gePsf]af/] lgoldt lg/LIf0f u/L k|ltj]bg k]; ug'{kb{5 . ;f]
k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cg'lrt sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPdf lhDd]jf/ kIfdfly
sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
@!=$=@=@ ;DklQ ljj/0f
-s_ /fhkqfª\lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f cBfjlws u/fO{ ;f]sf]
cg'udg ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;DalGwt PsfOnfO{ ;an /
;Ifd agfpg'kb{5 . s;}sf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf zª\sf:kb lsl;dn] yk
x'g cfPdf ;fdfGo k|;fzg dGqfnon] cWoog u/L cfjZos b]lvPdf
clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u÷ljz]if k|x/L ljefunfO{ ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L lbO{ cfjZos sf/afxL rnfpg'kb{5 . xfn gd'gfsf] nflu
s]xL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f hfFr (Verify) u/L u}/sfg'gL 9Ën]
;DklQ cfh{g u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf sd{rf/Lx?dfly plrt sf/afxL
rnfO{ b08 ;hfo ug'{kb{5 .
-v_ /fhkq cgª\lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f lghx? sfo{/t
dGqfno jf ljefudf /flvg' kb{5 . s;}sf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf
zª\sf:kb lsl;dn] yk x'g cfPdf ;DalGwt dGqfno jf ljefun]
cwoog u/L cfjZos b]lvg cfPdf lj]z]if k|x/L ljefunfO{ hfgsf/L
lbO{ cfjZos sf/afxL rnfpg'kb{5 . xfn gd'gfsf] nflu s]xL
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f hfFr u/L u}/sfg'gL 9Ën] ;DklQ cfh{g
u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf sd{rf/Lx?dfly plrt sf/afxL rnfO{ b08
;hfo ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ ;DklQ ljj/0f geg]{ jf cBfjlws gu/fpg] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sf/afxL
ul/g'kb{5 .
156
-3_ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnodf

/fvL cBfjlws u/fOg'kb{5 . dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnon] dfly bkmf
@!=$=@=@ -s_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ ug'{kb{5 .
-ª_ e|i6frf/sf] c;/ ;dfhsf ljljw If]qdf kg]{ x'Fbf cGo lgsfotkm{ klg
o; kl/R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/sf] efjgfadf]lhd x'g ;Sg] u/L
cfjZos Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
@!=% ljljw
-s_ e|i6frf/sf] s;'/df cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ d2t lbg]nfO{ k'/:sf/ /
b'¿T;fxg ug]{, bafa lbg], afwf lj/f]w ug]{, e'm7f ph'/ ug]{nfO{ ;d]t b08
;hfo lbg] sfg'gn] g} Joj:yf u/]sf] eP klg sfof{Gjog x'g] gu/]sf]n]
o;tkm{ cfjZos sbd rflng'kb{5 .
-v_ e|i6frf/sf] txlssft ug]{ lgsfo clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u /
ljz]if k|x/L ljefunfO{ cfw'lgs pks/0fx? h'6fO{ ;an / ;zQm
agfOg'kb{5 .
157
kl/R5]b @@
cg'udg Joj:yf
@@=! ljifo k|j]z
k|zf;lgs If]qdf ;dofg's"n ;'wf/ u/L k|hftGq / ljsf;sf dfux? ;Ifd /
k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 k"/f ug{ ;Sg] k|zf;sLo Joj:yf sfod u/fpg] b[li6sf]0faf6
cfof]un] ljleGg gLltut ;'emfjx? tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]uåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf sltko ;'emfjx?dWo] s]xL ;'emfjx? t'¿Gt nfu" ug{
;lsG5 eg] cGo ;'emfjx?nfO{ nfu" ug{ c? a9L lj:t[t sfo{qmd agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
km]l/ nfu" ul/Psf ;'emfjx?af6 ck]lIft glthf lg:s]sf] 5 5}g cg'udg / ljZn]if0f
u/L cfjZos ;'wf/fTds (Corrective) sf/afxL ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'g ;Sb5 . oL ;a}
sfo{sf nflu tLg jif{ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ k|:t't ;'emfjx? tf]lsPsf]
cjlwdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg / sfof{Gjogdf cfOkg]{
;d:ofx? ljZn]if0f u/L ltgsf] ;dfwfgdf ;xfotf k'¥ofpg Ps cg'udg PsfOsf]
Joj:yf x'g cfjZos 5 .
cfof]uåf/f k|:t't ;'emfjx?sf] cGt/ ;DaGw >L % sf] ;/sf/sf ljleGg gLltx?;Fu
x'g] ePsf]n] cg'udg PsfO k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf /xg'kb{5 .
@@=@ cg'udg PsfOsf sfo{x?

cg'udg PsfOsf] sfo{x? b]xfocg';f/ x'g'kb{5 M
-s_ cfof]usf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xfotf ug]{,
-v_ sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf cfOkg]{ afwf c8rg km'sfpg],
-u_ sfof{Gjogaf6 pTkGg ePsf ;d:ofx? ljZn]if0f ug]{, u/fpg] /
-3_ ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt lgisif{sf] cfwf/df >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ k|zf;gsf] If]qdf
;'wf/sf] lgldQ cfjZos gLlt cg'kf]if0f (Policy Feedback) ug]{ .
@@=# cg'udg PsfOsf] u7g

-s_ cg'udg PsfOdf Pshgf k|d'v / h¿/t k/]df Pshgf cGo ;b:o / d'Vo
;lrj kb]g ;b:o /xg'kb{5 . ;fy} cfjZos ;ª\Vofdf ljz]if1 ;d]t /xg]
Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
158
-v_ cg'udg PsfOsf] k|d'vsf] kbdf k|zf;gdf cg'ejL tyf lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
cfb/ / k|wfgdGqLsf] ljZjf; k|fKt ug{ ;Ifd JolQmnfO{ pko'Qm bhf{ lbP/
(Appropariate Status) lgo'Qm ul/g'kb{5 .
-u_ cg'udg PsfOn] ljsf; k|zf;g, ljsf;sf] cfw'lgs k|j[lQ (Modern Trend)
/ /fli6«o k|zf;gsf] ljljw kIfx?sf] af/]df ljz]if bvn ePsf u}/;/sf/L /
lghL If]qaf6 ;d]t ljz]if1sf] ;]jf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 .
@@=$ cg'udg PsfO / k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;ldlt

cfof]uåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf nfu" x'g] cjlw -# jif{_ ;Dd
cg'udg PsfOn] k|zf;g ;'wf/sf] ljifodf klg >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ gLltut
;'emfjx? pknAw u/fpg] x'Fbf o:t} k|s[ltsf] xfn ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf /x]sf]
k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;ldltnfO{ oyfjt\ /flvFbf sfddf bf]xf]/f]kgf cfpF5 . ctM cg'udg
PsfOsf] sfo{ cjlw;Dd o;}åf/f k|zf;g ;'wf/;DaGwL sfo{ u/fOg'kb{5 / PsfO
sfo{/t /x'Gh]n k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;ldlt :ylut ul/g'kb{5 .
@@=% pks/0fx?
cg'udg PsfOsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfw'lgs pks/0fx? -h:t}
sDKo'6/_ sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
@@=^ sfof{Gjog tflnsf

sfo{If]q lgsfo cjlw
cg'udg PsfO u7g ug]{ dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno t'¿Gt
159
d'Vo l;kmfl/;x?sf] ;f/f+z

-s_ ;/sf/sf] sfo{If]q
!, hghLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;+nUgtf xfn Jofks ?kdf
/x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ;/sf/L ;ª\u7gx? cgfjZos ?kn] af]lemnf] /
vlr{nf] x'g'sf ;fy} ltgsf] k|efjsfl/tf klg 36\g uPsf] 5 . o; b[li6af6
tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf x'Fb} uPsf] ljsf;sf] kl/k|]Ifdf xfn >L % sf] ;/sf/
;+nUg /x]sf sltko sfo{x?sf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTodfly k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
s:tf sfo{x? ;/sf/n] 5f]8\g'kg]{ tyf s:tf sfo{x?df cfkm\gf] Wofg s]lGb|t
ug'{kg]{ eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o:tf] k'g/fjnf]sg lgDglnlvt
;}4flGts cfwf/df ug]{ M
-s_ lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? /fli6«o ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf cu|;/
x'g ;s'g\ eGg] p2]Zo /fvL >L % sf] ;/sf/n] pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf]
;[hgf Pj+ k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f u/L k|j4{gfTds / k|]/0ffTds e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug]{ .
-v_ u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ sfo{ ;~rfngdf ;'udtf xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;/sf/L
lgoGq0f v's'nf] ub]{ n}hfg] .
-u_ lghL If]q / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf sfo{x?sf]
lgwf{/0f u/L To:tf sfo{x?df ;/sf/L ;+nUgtf 5f8\b} hfg] .
-3_ cfly{s ultljlw / ;]jf ;~rfngdf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ a9L ;Ifd
agfpg pko'Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ .
@, k|To]s dGqfnon] ul/cfPsf sfo{x? / lgodg ul/Psf ljifox? ;d]tsf]
lj:t[t ;"rL tof/ u/L xfn dGqfno ;+nUg /x]sf sfo{x? lsg g5f]8\g] /
lgodg ul/Psf ljifox?af6 lgodg lsg gx6fpg] eGg] k|Zgsf] cfwf/df
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L lg¿k0f ug{ k|To]s ljifout dGqfno (Sectoral Ministry)
x?df / s]Gb|Lo :t/df Ps sfo{bnsf] u7g ug]{ .
#, sfo{bnn] ;/sf/L sfo{ jf lgodgdfly k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ sfo{ oyfzL3| k|f/De
u/L ;/sf/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;'emfj pknAw u/fpFb} hfg'kb{5 / ;/sf/af6
ePsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;DalGwt P]g, lgod / kl/kqnfO{ ;d]t vf/]h jf
;+zf]wg ul/g'kb{5 . of] sfo{ Ps jif{leqdf ;DkGg ug]{ .
160
-v_ hgtfdf k'¥ofOg] ;]jf

$, k|To]s dGqfno÷ljefun] cfkm\gfcGtu{t /x]sf sfof{nox?n] k|bfg ug]{
;]jfx?;DaGwL ljj/0f :ki6 ?kn] tf]Sg], pQm ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ rflxg]
;fwgx? sfof{nox?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg], pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd ug{ k"/f
clwsf/ lbg] clg pQm ;]jf nlIft ;d"xdf k'¥ofpgsf nflu sfof{no
k|d'vx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ u/fO{ lnlvt ?kdf lghx?;Fu ;dembf/L ug]{ tyf
sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfdsf] d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df tnasf] %)
k|ltzt;Dd k|f]T;fxg k'/:sf/ :j?k lbg] tyf ;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{ gug]{nfO{
pko'Qm ;hfo lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
%, ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ k|To]s ;/sf/L jf ;+:yfgsf] sfof{nodf ;f] sfof{non] k|bfg
ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] p2]Zo, ;]jfsf] k|sf/ / u'0f:t/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof
tyf ;]jf kfpgsf nflu hgtfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? tyf klv{g'kg]{ ;do OToflb
:ki6 ?kdf ;"rgf kf6Ldf n]v]/ ;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf clgjfo{ ?kn] /fVg]
Joj:yf ug]{ . o; ;DaGwdf ;"rgfsf ljleGg dfWodåf/f hgtfnfO{ Jofks
?kdf hfgsf/L ;d]t u/fpg] .
^, ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;+:yfgx?dfly ;d'lrt ?kn] ;]jf
k'¥ofpgsf nflu bafj lbg] p2]Zon], ljleGg If]qdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf
;ª\u7gx?sf] :yfkgf ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg lbg], To:tf
;ldlt÷;ª\u7gx?n] k|:t't u/]sf s'/fx?dfly ;d'lrt Wofg lbg] / cfjZos
b]lvPdf sf/afxL ;d]t ug]{ .
&, ;/sf/åf/f k'¥ofOg] u/]sf s]xL ;]jfx? -h:t}– vfg]kfgL, ;fgf l;FrfO,
;fd'bflos jg OToflb_ k/LIf0fsf] ?kdf, s]xL lhNnfx?df u}/;/sf/L If]qdf
/x]sf ;ª\u7g jf ;+:yfnfO{ 7]Ssfdf lbg] tyf k/LIf0fsf] glthf tyf
u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] Ifdtfdf x'Fb} uPsf] ljsf;cg'?k qmlds ?kdf cGo If]qdf
;d]t lj:tf/ ub}{ hfg] .
-u_ k|zf;sLo ;ª\u7g

*, dGqfnox?sf] ;ª\Vof @! af6 36fO{ !* sfod ug]{ .
(, x'nfs ;]jf ljefunfO{ qmdzM cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn] cfTdlge{/ u/fO{ l56f
5l/tf] x'nfs ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd agfpg ;d]t g]kfn x'nfs ;]jfnfO{
;/sf/L If]qleq g} Ps :jzfl;t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{ / o;
sfo{sf nflu Ps sfo{bn u7g ug]{ .
161
!), xjfO{ ljefunfO{ klg sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ a9L :jfoQtf k|bfg ug{ jf~5gLo
ePsf]n] o;nfO{ Pp6f 5'§} ;/sf/L k|flws/0fsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ sbd
rfNg' pko'Qm x'g] .
!!, /]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] sfo{ k|s[lt Pp6} lsl;dsf] ePsf]n]
logLx?nfO{ Pp6} Joj:yfkg 5ftfcGtu{t /xg] u/L Ps 5'§} /fli6«o /]l8of]
tyf 6]lnlehg k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ul/g' pko'Qm x'g] .
!@, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfd ljleGg dGqfnox?;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n]
jftfj/0f;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ / ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 sfof{Gjog u/fpg
k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf Ps jftfj/0fLo kl/ifb\ :yfkgf ug{ pko'Qm x'g] .
!#, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lxt ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug]{ sfd klg ljleGg
dGqfnox?;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n] tT;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f tyf lgwf{l/t gLltsf]
sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udgsf nflu Ps ædlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf nflu /fli6«o
cfof]uÆ (National Commisssion on Women and Children) sf] u7g ug{
pko'Qm x'g] .
!$, xfn ljleGg ljefux?af6 :yfkgf ul/Psf lhNnf / Onfsf :t/Lo
sfof{nox?sf] cfjZostfdfly k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]
Ps sfo{6f]nL u7g u/L ;f] 6f]nLsf] l;kmfl/;df cgfjZos sfof{nox?
vf/]h ug]{ .
!%, sf7df8f}F, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/sf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] sfo{df ;dGjo
Nofpg ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] pkTosf cfo'Qmsf] kb ;[hgf u/L To;df pko'Qm
kbflwsf/L lgo'Qm ug]{ .
!^, oftfoft / ;~rf/;DaGwL k"jf{wf/x?df ePsf ljsf;nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL @)!*
;fndf ul/Psf] !$ c~rn / &% lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns ljefhgdf k'g/fjnf]sg
ug{ Ps cfof]u u7g ug]{ .
!&, cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt eO{ ;f]cg';f/ sfo{ geP;Dd oftfoft / ;~rf/sf
;'ljwf k'u]sf lhNnfx?df /x]sf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\Vof 36fpg]
p2]Zon] Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ kfos kg]{ l5d]sL lhNnfdf klg ;]jf k'¥ofpg]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ of]hgf / ljsf; k|lqmof

!*, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] Wofg a[xt\ (Macro) cfly{s gLlt l;kmfl/;
ug]{, ljsf;;DaGwL bL3{sfnLg nIox? lgwf{/0f ug]{, cfwf/e"t ljsf;
gLltx? th'{df ug]{, ljsf;sf k|fyldstfx? lglZrt ug]{, ;DalGwt
lgsfox?;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;/sf/L nufgLx?sf] kl/df0f lgwf{/0f ug]{ /
162
;fwgx?nfO{ ljleGg v08x?df (Sectors) afF8kmfF6 ug]{ tyf ljsf;;DaGwL

gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ sfo{df s]lGb|t ug'{
pko'Qm x'g] .
!(, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf lg0f{ox?df dGqLx?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpg cfof]usf
a}7sx?df ;a} dGqLx?nfO{ cfdlGqt ug]{ tyf cfly{s / ljsf;;DaGwL
gLltx?df 5nkmn x'g] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf klg /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf
pkfWoIfnfO{ cfdlGqt ug]{ .
@), /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno ;fgf] t/ sfo{d"ns (Functional) x'g'kg]{ .
cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf w]/}h;f] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L xf]Og cfof]usf] sfddf
;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] lsl;dsf ljz]if1x? /xg'kb{5 / o:tf ljz]if1x?nfO{
pko'Qm kfl/>lds lbP/ cfjZostfg';f/ s/f/df lngkfpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
@!, ljefuLo dGqLx?nfO{ gLlt lgwf{/0f;DaGwL sfddf ;xfotf k'¥ofOg] p2]Zon],
dGqfnodf gLlt;DaGwL k/fdz{ lbg] Pp6f cª\u x'g'kb{5 . o:tf] cª\udf
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;DalGwt ;b:o, dGqfnosf ;lrj tyf dGqfnon]
cfjZostfg';f/ 5fg]sf ljz]if1 ;Nnfxsf/ /xg'kb{5 .
@@, dGqfnox?n] ljleGg ;fdfGo k|zf;sLo k|s[ltsf sfddf /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
@#, dGqfnox?n] sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgf tyf :ynut
sfof{nox?nfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{tkm{ a9L Wofg lbg] tyf ltgLx?nfO{
sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x? k|bfg u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu pQ/bfoL
klg u/fpg] .
@$, cfof]hgf / lhNnf sfof{nox?nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;'lDkPkl5 If]qLo
lgb]{zgfnosf] cfjZostf gx'g] x'Fbf ltgLx?sf] ;§f If]qLo :t/df ;fgf
cfsf/sf If]qLo sfof{nox? :yfkgf u/L jf dGqfno÷ljefudf g} If]qLo
cfwf/df cg'udg PsfO /fvL ltgnfO{ lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg /
;'kl/j]If0fsf] sfd ;'lDkg] . /fli6«o :t/sf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;'kl/j]If0frflxF
;f]em} dGqfno jf ljefun] ug]{ .
@%, o;} u/L sfo{sf/L ljefux?nfO{ klg clwstd clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ .
@^, ljefux?nfO{ pQm clwsf/x? k|Tofof]lht u/]kl5 dGqfnox?n] cfkm\gf]
clwsf/ oyf;Dej ;fgf] kf/L cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg dGqfnosf oL jf:tljs
sfddf s]lGb|t ug'{kb{5 M
-s_ dGqfnosf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
163
-v_ gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L / ldtJolotf k"j{s x'g] Joj:yf

ldnfpg] .
-u_ dGqfno cGtu{tsf ultljlwx?sf] cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f / d"Nofª\sg
ug]{ .
-ª_ lghfdtL ;]jf

@&, lghfdtL ;]jfdf xfn /x]sf /fhkqfª\lst / /fhkq cgª\lst ;]jfsf] lje]b
tyf ljleGg >]0fLx?sf] ljefhg ;dfKt u/L ;Dk"0f{ lghfdtL ;]jfåf/f ul/g]
ljleGg k|sf/ / :t/sf sfd ug]{ kbx?nfO{ 5'§} tna :s]n ePsf ljleGg
txx?sf] z[ª\vnfdf juL{s/0f u/L Ps PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf (Unified Civil
Service) k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
@*, pko'{Qm PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jf k|0ffnLnfO{ sfo{ ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ sltko
k|zf;lgs k"jf{wf/x?– h:t}, k|To]s kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, kbx?sf]
d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / tbg'?k ltgLx?sf] tx lgwf{/0f ug]{ OToflb tof/ ug{
;do nfUg]] x'Fbf pQm k|:tfljt k|0ffnLtkm{ pGd'v x'Fb} jt{dfg lghfdtL ;]jfdf
lgDglnlvt tTsflns Joj:yf ug]{ M
@(, k|zf;g ;]jf nufot /fhkqfª\lst ;a} ;]jfx?sf k|To]s >]0fLdf klxnf] tx
/ bf];|f] tx u/L b'O{ tx /fVg] .
#), >]0fLleqsf] klxnf] txaf6 bf];|f] txdf ætx j[l4Æ ug]{ / Ps >]0fLaf6 csf]{
>]0fLdf ækbf]GgltÆ ug]{ . tx j[l4 ;DalGwt dGqfnoåf/f x'g] / kbf]Gglt ;]jf
jf ;d"xJofkL cfwf/df kbf]Gglt ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ug]{ .
#!, ljlzi6 >]0fLafx]s cGo ;a} >]0fLsf klxnf] txdf nuftf/ $ jif{ ;Gtf]ifhgs
;]jf ug]{nfO{ bf];|f] txdf tx j[l4 ug]{ . t/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgcg';f/
/fd|f] ug]{nfO{ sfdsf] pTs[i6tfcg';f/ @ jf # jif{ d} klg tx j[l4 ug{
;lsg] .
#@, ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf x'g] kbf]Ggltsf] nflu afx]s k|To]s >]0fLsf] bf];|f]
txdf sDtLdf # jif{ ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/Lx? dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] klxnf] txdf
kbf]Ggltsf nflu u|fXo x'g] .
##, ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 pRr of]Uotf k|fKt JolQmx?nfO{ klg ;/sf/L
;]jfdf k|j]z ug{ ;'ljwf xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] låtLo >]0fLsf l/Qm kbx?dWo]
@) k|ltztdf v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] cfwf/df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df
lgo'lQm ug]{ .
#$, lghfdtL ;]jfsf /fhkqfª\lst >]0fLx?df kbf]Gglt nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf
jf ;b:osf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] kbf]Gglt ;ldltx?sf] l;kmfl/;df ug]{ .
164
#%, Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljz]if Ifdtf ePsf st{Jolgi7 tyf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s sfd u/L
lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] sd{rf/Lx?dWo]af6 pRr Joj:yfkg
:t/ u7g ug]{ . k|zf;g ;]jfsf] k|yd / ljlzi6 >]0fLnfO{ pRr Joj:yfkg
:t/ dfGg] .
#^, pRr Joj:yfkg :t/df k'Ug] cj;/af6 k|fljlws nufot s'g} klg ;]jfsf
sd{rf/L jl~rt gx'g\ eGg] p2]Zon] h'g;'s} ;]jfsf] låtLo >]0fLsf] bf];|f]
txdf sDtLdf # jif{ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L k|zf;g ;]jfsf] k|yd >]0fLsf] klxnf]
txdf kbf]Ggltsf nflu u|fX\o x'g] .
#&, ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf /x]sf cg'ejL, bIf / k|ltefzfnL JolQmx?sf
nflu klg pRr txdf k|j]zsf] åf/ vf]Ng] p2]Zon] ;a} ;]jfx?sf] k|yd
>]0fLdf l/Qm /x]sf kbx?dWo] @) k|ltzt kbx?df v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf]
cfwf/df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm ul/g] Joj:yf ug]{ .
#*, pRr Joj:yfkg :t/df ghfg] k];fljb\ :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfkm\g} k];fdf
klg j[lQ ljsf;sf ;d'lrt cj;/x? pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] k|fljlws
;]jfx?sf ljlzi6 >]0fLdf klg k|yd >]0fLsf kbx?sf] &M! sf] cg'kftdf
kbx? ;[hgf ug]{ . ;fy} cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf c;fwf/0f of]ubfg ug]{ k];fljb\
-k|fljlw1_ nfO{ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] bf];|f] txdf kbf]Ggltsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
#(, k|zf;g ;]jfleq ljz]if1tfsf] cem a9L ljsf; ug{sf] nflu xfn /x]sf n]vf
;d"x / x'nfs ;d"xsf cltl/Qm s'6g}lts ;d"x, cfly{s ;d"x / /fh:j
;d"xsf] klg yk Joj:yf ug]{ .
$), /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLdf xfn /x]sf] ;xfos ;lrjsf] kb vf/]h ug]{ .
$!, ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw lgDglnlvt cg';f/ tf]Sg] M
-s_ d'Vo ;lrj / ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] bf];|f] tx– # jif{ tyf >L % sf]
;/sf/n] ! jif{ yKg ;Sg] .
-v_ ;lrj tyf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] klxnf] tx– % jif{ tyf >L % sf] ;/sf/n]
! jif{ yKg ;Sg] .
$@, sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna :s]nleqsf] jflif{s j[l4nfO{ lghx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"Nofª\sg;Fu cfa4 ug]{ .
-r_ sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf; M kb:yfkgf / ;¿jf

$#, gofF egf{ x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;]jf k|j]z tflnd lbO{ tyf lghx?sf]
z}lIfs of]Uotf / lghx?n] ;]jf k|jz ] tflnddf xfl;n u/]sf] pknlAw
165
;d]tsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pko'Qm dGqfnosf] s]Gb|Lo :t/ jf sfo{:yndf

kb:yfkg ug]{ .
$$, gofF k|s[ltsf jf pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L jxg ug'{kg]{ kbdf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
kb:yfkg ubf{ sfo{ k|s[lt / :t/cg'?k tflnd lbP/ dfq kb:yfkg ug]{ .
$%, ;DalGwt ;]jf÷;d"xleqsf kb ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df ;Dej ePdf /fhkqfª\lst
låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf Psk6s kxf8L /
Psk6s t/fO{sf lhNnfdf sfd ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ . oL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
oyf;Dej lxdfnL lhNnfdf klg Psk6s v6fpg] .
$^, %) jif{sf] pd]/ gf3]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] kbdf / lxdfnL
e]udf kb:yfkg tyf ;¿jf gug]{ .
$&, ;]jfdf /x]sf bDkQLnfO{ oyf;Dej Ps} 7fpFdf kb:yfkgf jf ;¿jf ug]{ .
;¿jf ubf{ sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut jf kfl/jfl/s l:yltk|lt ;+j]bgzLn /xg] .
$*, c8\8f k|d'vsf] ;¿jf x'Fbf ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ sfof{nosf] l:ylt
cjut u/fpg] k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug]{ .
-5_ kbf]Gglt;DaGwL l;4fGt

$(, sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Gglt lghx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sg tyf dflyNnf]
kbsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ ;Sg] u'0f / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df dfq x'g] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
-h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg

%), sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sg oyfy{ ?kn] x'g ;sf];\ eGg]
p2]Zon] sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Lsf] :t/cg';f/ rf/j6f sfo{
;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg;DaGwL gofF kmf/dx? k|:tfljt ul/Psf 5g\ .
%!, k|:tfljt sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfly{s jif{ @)$*÷$(
sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu g} nfu" ug]{ .
%@, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d lgwf{l/t tl/sfcg';f/ eg]{ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg tflnd / uf]i7Lx? t'¿Gt ;~rfng ug]{ .
%#, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d lgwf{l/t ;dodf lgwf{l/t tl/sfcg';f/ eg{
nufpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ;lrj / ljefuLo k|d'vsf] x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .
166
-em_ ;]jf ;'/Iff

%$, lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] OR5fcg';f/ x'g] 5
eGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf % nfO{ vf/]h ug]{ .
%%, sd{rf/LnfO{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf glbO{ krf{ v8f u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg jf avf{:t
ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf ^-!_sf] v08 -v_ nfO{
vf/]h ug]{ .
%^, >L % sf] ;/sf/n] @) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfz
lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &=! sf] pklgod
-#_ nfO{ vf/]h ug]{ .
%&, lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ cfb]z /2 eO{ sd{rf/L
;]jfdf k'ga{xfnL ePdf ;]jfaf6 cjsfz kfPsf] ldltb]lv k"/f tna eQf
kfpg] Joj:yf k'gM sfod ug]{ .
%*, sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug'{kbf{ lgnDagsf] cjlw a9Ldf # dlxgf dfq sfod
ug]{, lgnDagsf] cjlwdf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tnasf] Ps rf}yfO /sd Go"g
ePsf]n] tnasf] cfwf /sd kfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-`_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g lgoddf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljljw ljifox?

%(, @) jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf sd{rf/Ln] :j]lR5s cjsfz lng rfx]df lghsf]
pd]/ ^) jif{ k"/f x'g hlt cjlw afFsL /xG5 Tolt cjlwdWo] a9Ldf &
jif{sf] lgj[lQe/0fsf] Psd':6 /sd kfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ . of] Joj:yf @)%!
;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd nfu" /xg] .
^), % jif{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf t/ @) jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf sd{rf/Ln]
cjsfz lng rfx]df lghn] lgodfg';f/ kfpg] pkbfgsf] cltl/Qm hlt jif{
sfd u/]sf] 5 Tolt dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd klg pkbfgafkt kfpg]
Joj:yf ug]{ / of] Joj:yfnfO{ @)%! ;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Dddf nfu" ug]{ .
^!, sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] pkbfgsf] clwstd ;Ldf x6fpg] .
^@, lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] cfr/0f;DaGwL lgodx?df ablnFbf] kl/l:ylt
cg's"n ;+zf]wg ug]{ .
-6_ sfo{ ljj/0f

^#, lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;Dk"0f{ kbx?sf sd{rf/Lx?n] ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? ;dfj]z u/L
sfo{ ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf tof/ ug]{ .
167
^$, sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfdx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf
k]; u/]kl5 ;'kl/j]Ifs / ;DalGwt zfvf k|d'v ;d]tn] cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L
sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]; ePkl5 To;nfO{ clGtd ?k lbO{ nfu" ug]{ .
^%, sfo{ ljj/0fsf] tof/L;Fu} ;a} txsf kbx?nfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ / ;f]
clwsf/ sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
^^, dGqfno÷ljefu / cGo 7"nf sfof{nox?n] dxfzfvf÷zfvf tyf oL
PsfOx?sf] k|d'vx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / pQ/bfloTj ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf
emlNsg] u/L sfof{no lbUbz{g ;d]t tof/ u/L k|sfzdf Nofpg] . cGo
sfof{nox?n] k|To]s txsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :ki6
?kn] tf]sL ;f]xLcg';f/ u/fpg] .
-7_ cfjZostfeGbf a9L sd{rf/Lx? M ;d:of / ;dfwfg

^&, ;/sf/L ;ª\u7gnfO{ a9L bIf, 5l/tf] / sd vlr{nf] agfpg] p2]Zon] >L %
sf] ;/sf/df /x]sf :yfoL kbx?sf] ;ª\Vofdf nueu @% k|ltzt s6f}tL
u/L cfly{s jif{ @)%)–%! sf] cGt;Dddf !)@,&$$ af6 36fP/ &&,)))
sfod ug]{ .
^*, pQm nIo k|fKt ug{ lgDglnlvt pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug]{ M
-s_ ;/sf/n] xfn ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] cf}lrTo jf cfjZostfdfly
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cgfjZos sfo{x? 5f8\b} hfg],
-v_ ljleGg :t/sf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;ª\u7gfTds ;'wf/,
-u_ cgfjZos sfof{nox?sf] vf/]hL,
-3_ dGqfnox?df sfdsf] tx 36fpg],
-ª_ ljleGg ljifos sfo{ljlwdf ;/nLs/0f,
-r_ Pp6f lhNnf :t/Lo sfof{non] kfos kg]{ csf]{ lhNnfdf klg ;]jf
k'¥ofpg],
-5_ xfn l/Qm /x]sf kbx?dWo] cTofjZosafx]s cGo kbx? oyfzL3|
vf/]h ug]{ . xfn lstfavfgfdf /x]sf] /]s8{cg';f/ !%,*)) eGbf a9L
kbx? l/Qm 5g\,
-h_ :j}lR5s cjsfz lng rfxg] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ @)%).)%! ;Dd ;'ljwf
lbg] .
^(, ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?df klg pko'{Qm nIocg'?k kbx?df s6f}tL ug'{kg]{ .
168
-8_ ;/sf/L sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlwdf ;/nLs/0f

&), dGqfnox?df l6Kk0fL p7fO{ lg0f{o ul/g] k|lqmofdf lg0f{ostf{ / ;'¿ sf/afxL
ug]{ clws[tsf aLrdf csf]{ Ps tx dfq sfod u/L cgfjZos txx?
36fpg] / o;cg'?k gofF ;ª\u7g tflnsf th'{df ug]{ .
&!, dlGqkl/ifb\df k]; x'g], cfly{s lgsf;f, d'2f dfldnf / 7]Ssf k§f h:tf
ljifox?df dfq l6Kk0fL p7fpg] . c? ljifodf 5nkmn jf cfb]zaf6 lg0f{o
lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
&@, dGqfno tyf ljefux?df lg0f{o lnOg] k|lqmofsf] p7fg clws[t:t/af6 ug]{ .
&#, dGqfno tyf ljefux?df /fhkqfª\lst / /fhkq cgª\lst sd{rf/L -lkog,
8«fOe/, dfnL, kfn]afx]s_ sf] cg'kft !M! df ga9g] u/L Joj:yf ug]{ .
&$, dlGqkl/ifb\df k]; ug'{kg]{ / gLltut ljifox?afx]s cGo ljifo;DaGwL clwsf/
dGqLåf/f ;lrjnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ul/g'kg]{ . ;lrjn] klg cfkm\gf] dftxtsf]
clws[tx?nfO{ cfcfkm\gf] txaf6 sfd km:of]{6 ug{ ;Sg] u/L clwsf/
k|Tofof]hg ug]{ . -;lrjn] dGqfnosf] gLltut ljifodf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t
ug]{_ .
&%, s'g} a}7sdf efu lnFbf jf k7fpFbf ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ clwsf/ kfPsf]
JolQmn] dfq efu lng] Joj:yf ug]{ . o:tf a}7sdf ePsf] lg0f{odf ;DalGwt
JolQmn] ;xdlt JoQm u/]kl5 lghn] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ sfof{nosf] ;xdlt ;d]t
ePsf] dfGg] .
&^, ljleGg ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ;/sf/L ;+:yfgn] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf cGo s'g}
dGqfno jf sfof{no;Fu kqfrf/ ubf{ ;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfnodfkm{t ug'{kg]{
afWotf x6fO{ ;f]em} ;Dks{ ug{ ;Sg] ug]{ .
-9_ ah]6– n]vf Joj:yf / lgsfout cfly{s lgod

&&, xfnsf] ljsf; / ;fwf/0f ah]6 juL{s/0fsf] ;§f æk'FhLut vr{Æ /
æ;fna;fnL vr{Æ sf] ?kdf gofF juL{s/0f ug]{ tyf ;fna;fnL / k'FhLut
ah]6 /sd 5'6\ofpg] :ki6 cfwf/ klg tof/ ug]{ .
&*, xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] ah]6 zLif{sx?df k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
&(, ah]6 k|:tfj ug]{, 5fglag ug]{, s6f}tL ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{ tl/sfdfly
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ltgnfO{ a9L o'lQm;ª\ut agfpg] h;n] ubf{ ah]6df
;/sf/åf/f lgwf{l/t k|fyldstf / sfo{qmdx? 7Ls;Fu k|ltlalDat x'g ;s"g\ .
*), k"/f eO;s]sf cfof]hgfx?sf] ;~rfng / dd{t ;Def/sf nflu cfjZos kg]{
/sd ah]6df ;dfj]z ug{ ;d'lrt dfkb08x?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
169
*!, ;dodf ah]6 lgsf;f gx'gfn] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] jf ljsf;;DaGwL sfddf afwf
gk/f];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ljut cfly{s jif{sf] vr{sf] Ps ltxfO;Dd >fj0f
dlxgfsf] ;'¿d} ;DalGwt sfof{nox?n] ;fk6L kfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
*@, clxn] h:tf] ah]6 lgsf;f / a]¿h' km:of]{6nfO{ cfa4 gug]{ tyf ljz]if
sf/0fn] /f]Ssf ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s :jLs[t ah]6cg';f/sf] rf}dfl;s
lgsf;fx? sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tTk/tfk"j{s lbg] .
*#, a]¿h' km:of]{6 u/L cfly{s cg'zf;g kfng u/fpgdf dGqfnox? a9L ;lqmo
/xg'kg]{ .
*$, ;fn tdfd ePkl5 #% lbgleq ;Dk"0f{ ;|]:tfsf] ;fy} n]vf k/LIf0fsf] nflu
cfjZos ljj/0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefudf bflvn gug]{nfO{ ;hfo lbg]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
*%, a/a'emf/ysf] Joj:yf s8fOsf ;fy nfu" ug]{ .
*^, n]vf k/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] k|df0f lng' lbg'kg]{ .
*&, ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n] /sd vr{ ubf{ clwstd k|ltkmnsf] ;fy}
;fjwfgL, hfu¿stf / lskmfot;fy xf];\ eGg] b[li6sf]0fn] cy{ dGqfnoaf6
Pp6f d"n cfly{s lgodsf] th'{df x'g'kg]{ / pQm d"n lgodcGtu{t /xL
dGqfno tyf ljefux?n] cfcfkm\gf ljz]if cfjZostf x]/L a]Unfa]Un}
ljlgodx?sf] th'{df ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
-0f_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
**, :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xof]u Pj+ ;+nUgtfåf/f dfq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] sfo{x?,
h:t}– ;fd'bflos jg, vfg]kfgL, k|fylds tyf k|f}9 lzIff, ;fgf l;FrfO
cfof]hgfx?, k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf OToflb sfo{x? :yfgLo lgsfodf lgIf]k0f
ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] .
*(, lgIf]k0f ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] af/]df lg0f{o lng], jflif{s of]hgf th'{df
ug]{, sfof{Gjog ug]{ / ;'kl/j]If0f Pj+ cg'udgsf] k"0f{ cleef/f :yfgLo
lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ P]gåf/f k|bfg ul/g'kg]{ .
()= gu/kflnsfnfO{ lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfocGtu{t /flvg'sf] ;§f a]Un} :jtGq
lgsfosf] ?kdf /fVg'kg]{ .
(!, :yfgLo lgjf{lrt ;+:yfx?nfO{ qmlds ?kdf cfkm\gf] cfly{s Ifdtfsf] j[l4
ug]{ Pj+ ljleGg pkfoaf6 :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{lt/ pGd'v
u/fpg'kg]{ .
170
(@, of]Uotf / pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L 5gf]6 Pj+ ltgsf] j[lQ ljsf;;DaGwL
ljifo x]g{sf] nflu :yfgLo :t/df lgjf{lrt lgsfo ;]jf cfof]usf] Joj:yf
ug'{kg]{ .
(#, :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?df xfn ;+nUg ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pQm
lgsfox?n] cfkm\g} sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug{ g;s];Dd tt\ tt\ lgsfodf
sfhdf k7fpg] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
($, xfn :yfgLo ljsf;;DaGwL k|To]s k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df ljBdfg ;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;ª\Vof, :yfg / ;~rfngsf ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg
ug'{kg]{ .
(%, :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?dWo] Pp6f k|lzIf0f s]Gb|nfO{ k"0f{?k]0f
gu/kflnsfsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] k|lzIf0f ug]{ / gu/kflnsfnfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug'{kg]{ .
(^, k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf cfTdlge{/ / :jzfl;t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf
ljsl;t ub}{ hfg'kg]{ .
(&, :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?n] :jo+;]jL ;ª\3÷;+:yfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ tyf
;]jfd"ns sfo{df pgLx?sf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ a9fpFb} n}hfg] gLlt ckgfpg'kg]{ .
(*, :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?sf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] n]vf k/LIf0f dxfn]vf
k/LIfsåf/f lgo'Qm n]vf k/LIfsåf/f u/fpg] tyf n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgnfO{
;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt ;d]t ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
((, lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo ;d'bfoaf6 ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] cfly{s
;DefJotf ePsf cfof]hgfx?sf nflu k'FhL pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] aL;
s/f]8 ¿lkofF k'FhL ePsf] Ps :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
-t_ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?

!)), ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?df >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] nufgL /sd km'Ssf u/L cGoq
a9L k|ltkmn lbg] sfo{df nufgL ug]{ tyf ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkg /
pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+:yfgx?sf] :jfldTj / Joj:yfkgdf lghL
If]qnfO{ a9L ;l/s u/fpFb} hfg] gLlt ckgfpg] .
!)!, pQm gLltcg';f/ ljleGg ;+:yfgx?sf] k|sf/, l:ylt / cfjZostf x]/L
lgDglnlvt pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug]{ M
-s_ ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkg 7]Ssfdf lbg],
-v_ ;+:yfgnfO{ klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLdf kl/0ft u/L lglZrt k|ltzt
;]o/x? v'Nnf ?kdf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ljqmL ug]{,
171
-u_ ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf lghL If]qnfO{ ljqmL ug]{ jf lnlSj8];gdf k7fpg],

-3_ lghL If]q cfs[i6 gx'g] tyf lghL If]qnfO{ lbg pko'Qm gx'g] t/
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;+:yfgx?nfO{ ltgsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ u/L
;/sf/L If]qd} /flv/xg] .
!)@, ;/sf/L If]qd} /flv /xg' kg]{ ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgdf lgDg lnlvt ;'wf/x?
ug]{ M
-s_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ljleGg If]qdf /x]sf PsflwkTosf] cGt u/L
k|lt:kwf{Tds l:yltsf] ;[hgf ug]{ .
-v_ ;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfng ;ldltdf clwsf+z k];fljb\ / Joj:yfkg Ifdtf
ePsf tyf u|fxs ju{sf] lxt k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmx?dWo]af6 lgo'lQm
ug]{ tyf ;/sf/L k|ltlglw b'O{eGbf a9L g/fVg] .
-u_ ;+:yfgsf] ;~rfngsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ;~rfns ;ldltdf /xg] u/L
tf]Sg] / ;+:yfgx?sf] ;~rfngdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ;/sf/L x:tIf]k gx'g]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
-3_ cfkm\gf] Joj:yfkg / ;~rfngdf ;'wf/ u/L ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo xfl;n
ug{ Joj:yfkgnfO{ pko'Qm k|f]T;fxg lbg] k|0ffnLsf] th'{df ug]{ . o;sf]
lgldQ k|To]s ;+:yfgsf nflu a]Unfa]Un} æpknlAw ;"rsx?Æ lglZrt
ug]{ .
-ª_ ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/n] s]jn lgDglnlvt
sfo{x? ug]{ M
!, ;~rfns ;ldlt / d'Vo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/L lgo'Qm ug]{,
@, ;+:yfgnfO{ ;'¿ nufgLsf nflu cfjZos ljQLo ;fwg pknAw
u/fpg],
#, ;+:yfgsf] p2]Zo / bL3{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg nIo tf]Sg],
$, ;+:yfgsf ultljlwx? ;+:yfgsf p2]Zocg'?k eP gePsf]
cg'udg ug]{,
%, p2]Zo / nIo k|flKtcg'?k ;+:yfgsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k'/:sf/ /
b08sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
^, pko'{Qm cfwf/df ;+:yfgn] xfl;n ug'{kg]{ pknlAwx? / >L % sf]
;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ ;fwg / ckgfpg'kg]{ gLltx?af/] ;a}
s'/f :ki6 ?kn] tf]sL ;+:yfgx?;Fu s/f/gfdf ug]{,
&, k/:k/df ;DalGwt ;+:yfgx?sf ultljlwx?df cfjZos ;dGjo
sfod ug]{,
*, c? s]xL gug]{ .
172
!)#, ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] ultljlwx?sf] cg'udg ug{, pgLx?sf] pknlAwsf]

d"Nofª\sg ug{ / pQm d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df pgLx?n] kfpg] kg]{ k'/:sf/ /
b08sf ;DaGwdf >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ Ps :jtGq æ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfg cfof]uÆsf] u7g ug]{ .
!)$, ;a} ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?n] >L % sf] ;/sf/sf nflu lgwf{l/t nIocg'?k
cfkm\gf kbx?df s6f}tL ug'{kg]{ .
-y_ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf tflnd / ljsf;

!)%, /fli6«o :t/df tflnd / ljsf;sf] nflu gLltut Joj:yf, dfu{ bz{g, ;dGjo,
;|f]tsf] Joj:yf / ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf
gLlt lgdf{tfx? / ljz]if1x? ;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Pp6f /fli6«o
dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; kl/ifb\sf] u7g ug]{ .
!)^, ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L /fli6«o tflnd tyf ljsf; gLlt
th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u/fpg] . eljiodf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf lghL If]qsf]
nflu klg tflndsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf] nflu gLltut / ;+:yfut Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
!)&, sfo{ ljj/0fdf cfkm\gf] dftxtsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflnd / ljsf;sf nflu
sfo{ ;ª\u7gsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v / ;a} ;'kl/j]Ifsx? lhDd]jf/ x'g] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
!)*= k|To]s sfo{ ;ª\u7gdf tflnd / ljsf; PsfO :yfkgf ug]{ .
!)(, tflnd s]Gb|x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu tflnd s]Gb|x?nfO{ /fli6«o,
ljifout / sfo{ ;ª\u7g :t/ u/L tLg k|sf/df ljeflht ug]{ /
ltgLx?nfO{ cfjZos :jfoQtf k|bfg ul/g'sf ;fy} Go"gtd ef}lts, ljQLo /
dfgjLo k"jf{wf/x? tf]Sg] .
!!), tflnd s]Gb|x?aLr ;dGjo tyf ;|f]tsf] ljlgdo ug{ tflnd s]Gb| k|d'vx?
;lDdlnt Ps tflnd ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
!!!, sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf k|j]z, ;]jfsfnLg, ljz]if / ;+:yfd"ns tflndx? k|bfgug]{ .
!!@, tflnd s]Gb|x?df cfkm\g} sd{rf/Lx?sf] (Core Staff) sf] Joj:yf ug]{, k|lzIfs
ljsf;sf] nflu ;do ;dodf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f ug]{ / k|lzIfsx?nfO{
;ª\u7gdf k7fO{ sfd u/fpg] tyf cg';Gwfg Pj+ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf cj;/x?
k|bfg ug]{ .
173
!!#, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf pRr :t/sf] Joj:yfkg ljsf; ug]{ (Management

Devlopment Center) ;+:yfsf] ?kdf g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgnfO{
ljsl;t ug]{ .
-b_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f

!!$, e|i6frf/ lg/f]wsf nflu lgDglnlvt pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug]{ M–
-s_ ;/sf/L / cGo ;fj{hlgs sfd sf/afxL ;/n / kf/bz{s x'g'kg]{ .
-v_ pBf]u jfl0fHo h:tf If]qdf ljBdfg lgodg v's'nf] ub}{ n}hfg] .
-u_ sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] tna lgj[Qe/0f h:tf cfly{s ;'ljwf d'b|fl:kmltsf]
cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ hfg] .
-3_ cg'lrt sfo{ tyf e|i6frf/ ug]{dfly sf/afxL ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg
/fhgLlts bn / ;fdflhs ;ª\3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
-ª_ 7]Ssf k§f /fh:j / lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt sfof{nosf sfo{x?df
ljz]if lgu/fgL /fVg] .
-r_ ljBfnox?sf] kf7\oqmddf g}lts lzIff ;dfj]z ug]{ tyf g}lts lzIffsf]
Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ .
-5_ st{Jolgi7 / Odfgbf/Lsf] c;fwf/0f pbfx0f b]vfpg] sd{rf/LnfO{
pko'Qm k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg lbg] .
!!%, e|i6frf/sf] pkrf/sf] nflu lgDglnlvt pkfox? ug]{ M
-s_ s'g} sfof{nodf e|i6frf/ ePdf To;sf] klxrfg ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ;f]
sfof{nosf] k|d'vsf] x'g] tyf cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf ePsf] e|i6frf/pk/
a]jf:tf ug]{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf k|d'vdfly klg sf/afxL x'g'kg]{ .
-v_ /fhkqfª\lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f cBfjlws u/fO{ To;sf]
cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ug]{ tyf /fhkq
cgª\lstx?sf] ;DalGwt dGqfno÷ljefun] ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ . ;fy}
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f cBfjlws u/fO{ To;sf]
cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnon] ug]{ .
-u_ s;}sf] ;DklQ ljj/0fdf zª\sf:kb yk x'g cfPdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u jf ljz]if k|x/L ljefunfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ cfjZos
sf/afxL rnfpg] .
-3_ ;DklQ ljj/0f geg]{ jf cBfjlws gu/fpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ .
174
-ª_ xfn gd'gfsf nflu s]xL sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ ljj/0f hfFr ug]{
(Verify) tyf u}/sfg'gL 9Ën] ;DklQ cfh{g u/]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf
sd{rf/Lx?dfly sf/afxL rnfO{ b08 ;d]t lbg] .
-r_ ;fgf] e|i6frf/df cfFvf lrDng] k|j[lQn] ubf{ 7"nf] e|i6frf/ x'g] x'Fbf
;fg} ck/fwdf klg ;hfo ul/g'kg]{ .
-5_ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu / k|x/L sfof{non]
;DalGwt dGqfno÷ljefunfO{ ;"rgf pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .
-h_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k|d'v
k|fljlws k/LIfssf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
-w_ cg'udg PsfO

!!^, cfof]usf ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xfotf ug{ tyf pTkGg ;d:ofx?sf]
ljZn]if0f / lg/fs/0f ug{ Pp6f cg'udg PsfO k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nodf
/xg'kg]{ .
175
cg';"rL !
k|:tfljt dGqfnox?sf] gfdfjnL

!, dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfno
@, cy{ dGqfno
#, pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno
$, s[lif dGqfno
%, sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno
^, u[x dGqfno
&, hn;|f]t dGqfno
*, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft dGqfno
(, k//fi6« dGqfno
!), ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
!!, e"ld ;'wf/ tyf e"ld Joj:yf dGqfno
!@, /Iff dGqfno
!#, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno
!$, lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfno
!%, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
!^, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
!&, :yfgLo :jzf;g tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno
(Ministry of Local Gevernment & Social Development)
!*, :jf:Yo dGqfno
!(, >d dGqfno
176
cg';"rL @
;]jf÷;d"xx?sf] ljj/0f
-s_ g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jf
!, n]vf ;d"x
@, x'nfs ;d"x
-v_ g]kfn n]vf k/LIf0f ;]jf
-u_ g]kfn ;+;b\ ;]jf
-3_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jf
-ª_ g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª ;]jf
!, On]lS6«sn OlGhlgol/ª – ;d"x
@, On]S6«f]lgs PG8 6]lnsDo'lgs];g OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
#, d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
$, P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
%, dfOlgª OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
^, s]ldsn OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
&, d]6fnlh{sn OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
*, d]6«f]nhL – ,,
(, d]6]l/of]nhL – ,,
!), lhof]nhL – ,,
!!, s]d]:6«L – ,,
!@, l;len – ,,
-s_ hg/n – pk;d"x
-v_ 6«fG:kf]6]{;g – ,,
-u_ ljlN8ª PG8 cfls{6]S6 – ,,
-3_ :oflg6/L – ,,
-ª_ Ol/u];g – ,,
-r_ xfO8«f]kfj/ – ,,
-5_ xfO8«f]hln:6 – ,,
!# l;len PleP;g ck/;]g tyf OlGhlgol/ª ;d"x
-s_ l;len PleP;g ck/];g – pk;d"x
-v_ PlePzg 6]lnsDo'lgs];g d]lG6g]G; – ,,
!$ ;e]{ – ;d"x
!% Knflgª PG8 d]g]hd]G6 – ,,
-r_ g]kfn s[lif ;]jf
! Pu[ PS;6]G;g – ;d"x
177
@, xl6{sNr/ – ,,
#, lkm;l/h – ,,
$, nfOe:6s, kf]N6«L PG8 8]/L 8]enkd]G6 – ,,
%, Pu|f]gf]dL – ,,
^, KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL – ,,
&, PG6f]df]nf]hL – ,,
*, Pu[ Osf]gf]ldS;, dfs]{l6ª PG8 :6fl6l:6S; – ,,
(, :jfon ;fOG; – ,,
!), e]6]l/g/L – ,,
!!, Pu[ OlGhlgol/ª – ,,
!@, k'm8 k|f];]l;ª, Pgflnl;; PG8 Go'l6«;g – ,,
-5_ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf
!, 8]G6]:6«L – ;d"x
@, cfo'j]{lbs – ,,
#, klAns x]Ny gl;{ª – ,,
$, gl;{ª – ,,
%, x]Ny Ph's];g – ,,
^, :oflg6];g – ,,
&, d]l8sn 6]Sgf]nf]hL – ,,
*, xf]ldof]KofyL – ,,
(, hg/n x]Ny ;le{;]h – ,,
!), hg/n d]l8l;g – ,,
-s_ hg/n d]l8l;g – pk;d"x
-v_ lSnlgsn 6«lkmsn d]l8l;g – pk;d"x
!!, 8df{6f]nhL, n]k|f]nhL / e]g/n l8lhh]h – ;d"x
!@, ;fOlsof6«L – ,,
!#, lkl8ofl6«S; – ,,
!$, ;h{/L – ,,
-s_ hg/n ;h{/L – pk;d"x
-v_ cyf]{k]l8s – pk;d"x
!%, ckyNdnf]hL – ;d"x
!^, Pg]:y]l;of]nhL – ;d"x
!&, r]:6 l8lhh]h – ,,
!*, cj:6«]l6s tyf ufOgf]sf]nhL – ,,
!(, hg/n /]l8of]nhL, – ,,
@), klAns x]Ny P8ldlg:6«];g – ,,
@!, Kofyf]nhL / An8 a}ª\s – ,,
178
@@, lkmlhof]y]/fkL – ,,
@#, x]Ny OG;k]S;g – ,,
@$, hg/ln:6 – ,,
-h_ g]kfn jg ;]jf
!, g]zgn kfS;{ PG8 jfON8 nfO{km sGh/e];g – ;d"x
@, af]6gL – ,,
#, hg/n km/]:6«L – ,,
$, km/]:6 l/;r{ – ,,
%, :jfOn PG8 jf6/ sGh/e];g – ,,
^, kmfd]{;L – ,,
&, xflQ;f/ – ,,
-em_ g]kfn lzIff ;]jf
!, hg/n Ph's];g – ;d"x
-s_ Ph's];gn P8\ldlg:6«];g – pk;d"x
-v_ ;fOG; – ,,
-u_ DofyDofl6S; – ,,
-3_ ;f]l;on :6l8h – ,,
-ª_ s[lif lzIff -Plu|sNr/_ – ,,
-r_ OG8l:6«on Ph's];g – ,,
-5_ Oª\ln; – ,,
-h_ g]kfnL – ,,
-em_ xf]d ;fOG; -u[x lj1fg_ – ,,
-`_ ;]qm]6]l/on ;fOG; – ,,
-6_ P8N6 Ph's];g – ,,
-7_ ;+:s[t – ,,
@, lkmlhsn Ph's];g – ;d"x
#, lk|lG6ª – ,,
-s_ k]|; OlGhlgol/ª – pk;d"x
-v_ k]|; Dofg]hd]G6 – ,,
$, l6lrª – ;d"x
%, cfls{of]nhL – ,,
^, ufO8]G; PG8 sfplG;lnª – ,,
&, nfOa]|/L ;fOG; – ,,
*, k]lG6ª PG8 kmf]6f]u|fkmL – ,,
-s_ k]lG6ª – pk;d"x
-v_ kmf]6f]u|fkmL – ,,
(, 6]:6 PG8 d]h/d]G6 – ;d"x
179
-s_ Ph's];gn 6]:6 PG8 d]h/d]G6 – pk;d"x

-v_ k;f]{gn 6]:6 PG8 d]h/d]G6 – ,,
-`_ g]kfn tYofª\s ;]jf
!, hg/n :6fl6l:6S; – ;d"x
@, Plu| :6fl6l:6S; – ;d"x
#, afof] :6fl6l:6S; – ;d"x
$, 8]df]u|fkmL – ;d"x
-6_ g]kfn ljljw ;]jf
180
cg';"rL #
xfn sfod /x]sf :yfoL sd{rf/L b/aGbL ljj/0f

-sfof{nocg';f/_
l;= g+= sfof{no kb;ª\Vof
! ;+j}wflgs lgsfo tyf dGqfno 11691
:t/
@ ljefu :t/ 10213
# s]Gb|Lo :t/ 4721
$ If]qLo :t/ 4029
% c~rn :t/ 1586
^ lhNnf :t/ 39689
& PsfO :t/ 30815
!,)@, &$$ hDdf M

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = =
;|f]tM >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfox?åf/f k|fKt ljj/0fx?sf] cfwf/df tof/
ul/Psf] .
181
cg';"rL # -s_
xfn sfod /x]sf :yfoL sd{rf/L b/aGbL ljj/0f

-kbcg';f/_
l;= g+= kbgfd k|zf;g k|fljlws s'n k|ltzt
/fhkqfª\lst M
! ljlzi6 >]0fL 39 1 40 0 .04
@ k|yd >]0fL
cltl/Qm ;lrj 37 9 46 0 .04
;x;lrj 255 344 599 0 .58
# låtLo >]0fL
pk;lrj 797 902 1699 1 .65
;xfos ;lrj 481 717 1198 1 .17
$ t[tLo >]0fL
zfvf clws[t 2376 4257 6633 6 .46
hDdf 3985 6230 10215 9 .94
l;= g+= kbgfd k|zf;g k|fljlws s'n k|ltzt
/fhkq cgª\lst M
% k|yd >]0fL 6581 11242 17823 17 .35
^ låtLo >]0fL 13594 11171 24765 24 .10
& t[tLo >]0fL 5281 7231 12512 12 .18
* rt'y{ >]0fL 1427 3922 5349 5 .21
>]0fL ljlxg M
( 6fOlk:6 2599 2599 2 .53
!) 8«fOe/ 1539 1539 1 .50
!! lkog jf ;f] ;/x 27942 27942 27 .20
hDdf 58963 33566 92529 90 .06
s'n hDdf 62948 39796 102744 100 .00
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;|f]tM >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfox?åf/f k|fKt ljj/0fx?sf] cfwf/df tof/
ul/Psf] .
182
cg';"rL # -v_
;+j}wflgs lgsfo, dGqfno / cGtu{t sfof{nosf xfn df}h'bf /x]sf]

:yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f
l;= g+= ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf ;+j}wflgs s]Gb|Lo If]qLo sfof{no c~rn lhNnf PsfO hDdf k|ltzt
dGqfnosf] gfd lgsfo÷ ljefu sfof{no :t/ :t/ :t/ :t/ b/aGbL
dGqfno :t/ :t/
:t/
! clVtof/ b'¿kof]u 67 67 0 .07
cg';Gwfg cfof]u
@ lgjf{rg cfof]u 103 75 178 0 .17
# ;+;b\ ;lrjfno 346 346 0 .33
$ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] 477 477 0 .46
ljefu
% nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 203 105 87 395 0 .38
^ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / 3712 595 4307 4 .19
cGtu{t
& dxfGofolwjQmfsf] 768 768 0 .74
sfof{no / cGtu{t
* cy{ dGqfno 264 724 145 4046 270 5449 5 .30
( cfk"lt{ dGqfno 68 68 0 .07
!) cfjf; tyf ef}lts 132 442 596 2896 4066 3 .96
of]hgf dGqfno
!! ;fdfGo k|zf;g 173 109 282 0 .28
dGqfno
!@ sfg'g Gofo tyf 91 83 174 0 .17
;+;bLo Joj:yf d+=
!# jfl0fHo dGqfno 59 71 42 172 0 .17
!$ ko{6g dGqfno 58 398 917 1373 1 .34
!% k//fi6« dGqfno 143 122 72 337 0 .33
!^ /Iff dGqfno 43 94 137 0 .13
!& >d tyf ;fdflhs 57 30 60 20 167 0 .16
sNof0f dGqfno
!* pBf]u dGqfno 90 779 30 179 102 490 1670 1 .62
!( lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt 184 103 567 281 1732 2867 2 .79
dGqfno
@) jg tyf jftfj/0f 256 1627 115 2291 3996 8285 8 .06
dGqfno
@! hn;|f]t dGqfno 153 1001 42 649 2567 4412 4 .29
@@ e"ld ;"wf/ tyf 40 1145 28 5636 6849 6 .67
Joj:yf dGqfno
183
@# lgdf{0f tyf 122 980 766 210 240 2203 4521 4 .40
oftfoft dGqfno
@$ u[x dGqfno 318 819 2515 252 3904 3 .80
@% ;~rf/ dGqfno 90 582 103 177 48 3959 5819 10778 10 .49
@^ :jf:Yo dGqfno 2564 82 1844 472 1049 3673 11678 21362 20 .79
@& :yfgLo ljsf; 535 156 354 8439 9484 9 .24
dGqfno
@* s[lif dGqfno 157 1010 1069 294 6315 361 9206 8 .97
@( dlGqkl/ifb\ 114 114 0 .11
;lrjfno
#) /fli6«o of]hgf 304 95 130 529 0 .52
cfof]u
hDdf 11691 10213 4721 4029 1586 39686 30815 102744 100
;|f]tM ljleGg dGqfno / ;+j}wflgs lgsfox?af6 k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df tof/

ul/Psf] .
184
cg';"rL #-u_
;+j}wflgs lgsfo, dGqfno / cGtu{t sfof{nosf df}h'bf If]0fLut :yfoL b/aGbL
ljj/0f
l;= ;+j}wflgs /fhkqfª\lst /fhkq cgª\lst
g+ lgsfo÷ ;lrj÷ cltl/Qm ;x pk ;xfos zfvf hDdf /f=k+= /f=k+= /f=k+= /f=k+= 6fOlk: 8«fOe/ lkog hDdf s'n
dGqfnosf] gfd ljlzi6 ;lrj ;lrj ;lrj ;lrj clws[t cg+= cg+= cg+= cg+ 6 hDdf
k|yd låtLo t[tLo rt'y{
! clVtof/ 1 0 4 8 3 13 29 16 0 0 1 4 2 15 38 67
b'¿kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]u
@ lgjf{rg cfof]u 1 0 2 5 2 14 24 95 33 1 0 3 4 18 154 178
# ;+;b\ ;lrjfno 3 3 8 9 28 58 109 51 57 10 0 32 15 72 237 346
$ dxfn]vf 1 1 8 23 12 101 146 206 21 0 1 45 2 56 331 477
k/LIfssf] ljefu
% nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 1 1 10 12 13 51 88 74 60 45 2 38 14 74 307 395
^ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt 1 0 63 97 117 130 408 505 552 688 777 211 2 1164 3899 4307
/ cGtu{t
& dxfGofolwjQmfsf] 1 1 11 18 15 103 149 96 125 56 7 43 0 292 619 768
sfof{no /
cGtu{t
* cy{ dGqfno 2 2 15 88 71 361 539 1076 1275 503 319 234 68 1435 4910 5449
( cfk"lt{ dGqfno 1 1 1 6 2 15 26 20 2 0 0 8 2 10 42 68
!) cfjf; tyf 1 2 37 78 90 471 679 1860 591 59 0 156 65 656 3387 4066
ef}lts of]hgf
dGqfno
!! ;fdfGo k|zf;g 1 1 3 13 7 45 70 70 76 2 1 25 2 36 212 282
dGqfno
!@ sfg'g, Gofo 2 0 5 10 7 26 50 25 13 17 0 19 4 46 124 174
tyf ;+;bLo
Joj:yf dGqfno
!# jfl0fHo dGqfno 1 1 4 11 4 21 42 51 22 3 0 17 3 34 130 172
!$ ko{6g dGqfno 1 1 5 40 28 287 362 265 144 165 6 40 38 353 1011 1373
!% k//fi6« dGqfno 1 3 8 29 4 49 94 55 55 9 10 2 22 90 243 337
!^ /Iff dGqfno 1 0 1 3 3 8 16 47 30 18 0 10 0 16 121 137
!& >d tyf 1 1 5 5 4 26 42 31 28 0 0 18 4 44 125 167
;fdflhs sNof0f
dGqfno
!* pBf]u dGqfno 1 2 17 67 34 258 379 422 299 96 77 69 43 285 1291 1670
!( lzIff tyf 2 3 16 112 57 409 599 747 254 274 22 162 44 765 2268 2867
;+:s[lt dGqfno
@) jg tyf 1 2 44 125 72 411 655 2415 761 294 2759 121 154 1126 7630 8285
jftfj/0f
dGqfno
@! hn;|f]t dGqfno 2 3 46 103 129 516 799 1163 624 315 390 106 127 888 3613 4412
@@ e"ld ;'wf/ tyf 1 1 8 58 26 224 318 792 3581 333 53 155 80 1537 6531 6849
Joj:yf dGqfno
@# lgdf{0f tyf 1 2 38 86 86 476 689 1243 821 359 350 220 16 823 3832 4521
oftfoft dGqfno
@$ u[x dGqfno 2 3 32 80 26 225 368 452 755 480 30 309 311 1199 3536 3904
@% ;~rf/ dGqfno 1 1 5 23 25 186 241 506 1184 1064 16 122 28 7617 10537 10778
185
@^ :jf:Yo dGqfno 1 2 96 247 218 972 1536 2913 5668 6314 85 133 75 4638 19826 21362
@& :yfgLo ljsf; 1 1 9 94 12 184 301 542 4589 747 200 88 192 2825 9183 9484
dGqfno
@* s[lif dGqfno 1 4 78 210 82 834 1209 1948 3096 651 243 136 197 1726 7997 9206
@( dlGqkl/ifb\ 4 2 4 9 3 19 41 20 13 0 0 16 0 24 73 114
;lrjfno
#) /fli6«o of]hgf 1 2 16 30 18 140 207 117 36 9 0 57 25 78 322 529
cfof]u
hDdf 40 46 599 1699 1198 6633 10215 17823 24765 12512 5349 2599 1539 2794 92529 102744
2
;|f]tM ljleGg dGqfno / ;+j}wflgs lgsfox?af6 k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df cfof]un]

tof/ u/]sf] .
186
cg';"rL # -3_
:yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f nut

ljqmd ;+jt\\ !()% b]lv @))& ;Dd
l;= g+= ;fn b/aGbL ;ª\Vof s}lkmot
1 1905 4, 236
2 1907 6, 718
3 1917 10, 403
4 1927 13, 526
5 1937 14, 081
6 1947 15, 409
7 1957 17, 710
8 1967 20, 608
9 1977 23, 216
10 1987 26, 601
11 1997 27, 140
12 2007 28, 047
;|f]t M lghfdtL lstfavfgf
187
cg';"rL # -ª_
:yfoL b/aGbL ljj/0f nfut

@)!&.!*b]lv @)$&.$*;Dd
l;= cfly{s jif{ ! ;/sf/L @ ;/sf/L sd{rf/L 7xl/g] b/aGbL # ljljw :s]n s'n hDdf
g+= sd{rf/L /f=k+= /f=k+= cg+= lkog gv'n]sf] k|ltzt
g7xl/g] -!))_
1 2017/18 0 1050 (3 .85) 10691 (39 .20) 15531 (56 .95) 0 27272
2 2018/19 0 1139 (3 .99) 12419 (43 .48) 15005 (52 .53) 0 28563
3 2019/20 84 (0 .29) 1291 (4 .45) 11219 (38 .69) 15100 (52 .08) 1300 (4 .48) 28994
4 2020/21 160 (0 .53) 1553 (5 .19) 12996 (43 .43) 14534 (48 .57) 678 (2 .27) 29921
5 2021/22 209 (0 .69) 1660 (5 .49) 13004 (43 .04) 14787 (48 .94) 552 (1 .83) 30212
6 2022/23 278 (0 .89) 1933 (6 .21) 13694 (44 .01) 14768 (47 .46) 443 (1 .42) 31116
7 2023/24 213 (0 .66) 2303 (7 .10) 14913 (46 .00) 14752 (45 .50) 240 (0 .74) 32421
8 2024/25 212 (0 .63) 2571 (7 .63) 15851 (4706) 14549 (43 .20) 496 (1 .47) 33679
9 2025/26 295 (0 .83) 2796 (7 .90) 17272 (48 .83) 14712 (41 .59) 296 (0 .84) 35371
10 2026/27 246 (0 .58) 3251 (7 .66) 21548 (50 .80) 17188 (40 .52) 184 (0 .43) 42417
11 2027/28 267 (0 .59) 3847 (8 .53) 23606 (52 .31) 17137 (37 .98) 266 (0 .59) 45123
12 2028/29 279 (0 .58) 4023 (8 .36) 25205 (52 .39) 18415 (38 .28) 190 (0 .39) 48112
l;= cfly{s jif{ ! /f=k+= hDdf @ /f=k+= c= 6fOlk:6 8«fOe/ hDdf :s]n lgDg :t/ s'n hDdf
g+= k|ltzt hDdf k|ltzt hDdf k|ltzt k|ltzt gv'n]sf] hDdf k|ltzt k|ltzt
hDdf k|ltzt
13 2029/30 4513 (9 .04) 27315 (54 .73) 0 0 359 (0 .72) 17725 (35 .51) 49912
14 2030/31 4881 (9 .18) 28436 (53 .50) 0 0 399 (0 .75) 19435 (36 .57) 53151
15 2031/32 5126 (9 .26) 29961 (54 .11) 0 0 383 (0 .69) 19902 (35 .94) 55372
16 2032/33 5228 (9 .20) 30837 (54 .25) 0 0 438 (0 .77) 20340 (35 .78) 56843
17 2033/34 6360 (9 .71) 39100 (59 .68) 0 0 429 (0 .65) 19628 (29 .96) 65517
18 2034/35 6674 (9 .51) 42965 (61 .22) 0 0 437 (0 .62) 20104 (28 .65) 70180
19 2035/36 6832 (9 .86) 42060 (60 .70) 0 0 1013 (1 .46) 19381 (27 .97) 69286
20 2036/37 6445 (9 .12) 42715 (60 .47) 1580 (2 .36) 493 (0 .70) 0 19394 (27 .45) 70627
21 2037/38 6792 (9 .53) 42232( 59 .29) 1749 (2 .45) 853 (1 .20) 0 19606 (27 .52) 71232
22 2038/39 7682 (10 .20) 44206 (58 .74) 1847 (2 .45) 859 (1 .14) 0 20663 (27 .45) 75257
23 2039/40 7217 (9 .22) 47877( 61 .19) 1860 (2 .38) 808 (1 .03) 0 20475 (26 .17) 78237
24 2040/41 7526 (9 .27) 49416 (60 .85) 1922 (2 .37) 922 (1 .14) 0 21428 (26 .38) 81214
25 2041/42 8425 (9 .62) 52773 (60 .27) 1938 (2 .21) 1095 (1 .25) 0 23325 (26 .64) 87556
26 2042/43 8386 (9 .63) 51970 (59 .68) 2020 (2 .32) 1097 (1 .26) 0 23614 (27 .11) 87087
27 2043/44 8728 (9 .89) 52410 (59 .39) 2055 (2 .33) 1101 (1 .25) 0 23958 (27 .15) 88252
28 2044/45 8974 (9 .94) 53245 (59 .00) 2173 (2 .41) 1136 (1 .26) 0 24715 (27 .39) 90243
29 2045/46 9896(10 .27) 56503 (58 .64) 2368 (2 .46) 1296 (1 .34) 0 26293 (27 .29) 96357
30 2046/47 10003 (10 .26) 56982 (58 .47) 2366 (2 .43) 1314 (1 .35) 0 26785 (27 .49) 97450
31 2047/48 10727 (10 .66) 58892 (58 .52) 2650 (2 .63) 1267 (1 .26) 0 27096 (26 .93) 100632
gf]6 M -!_ ;|f]tM lghfdtL lstfavfgf
-@_ sf]i7leq lbOPsf] cª\sn] ;f]sf] k|ltzt hgfpF5 .
188
cg';"rL # -r_
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] k|:tfljt ;+/rgf
189
190
cg';"rL $
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d

-/fhkq cgª\lst >]0fLx?sf] nflu_
v08 !
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d eg]{ ;'k/Lj]Ifsx?nfO{ lgb]{lzsf

;fdfGo
! sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo sd{rf/Lx?n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] :t/
d"Nofª\sg ug'{sf] ;fy} eljiodf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cfjZos
;'wf/ Nofpg] ePsf]n] tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{
sfdx?sf] n]vfhf]vf u/L lgoldt ?kdf j:t'ut d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 . o:tf]
d"Nofª\sgn] sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Ggltsf] pko'Qmtf ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
@ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgaf6 sd{rf/Lx?sf ;an / b'a{n kIfx? :ki6 ?kn]
yfxf x'g'kb{5 .
# sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] !% lbgleq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg
kmf/ddf cfkm"n] eg'{kg]{ ljj/0fx? e/L ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]; ug'{kb{5 .
;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;f] kmf/d k|fKt ePsf] & lbgleq cfkm"n] eg'{kg]{ d"Nofª\sg e/L
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]; ug'{kb{5 . k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] & lbgleq cfkm\gf] d"Nofª\sg;lxt pQm kmf/d ;DalGwt
lgsfodf clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg'kb{5 .
ljz]if
$ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] k|s/0f ! b]lv # ;Dd sd{rf/L cfkm}n]
eg'{kb{5 . k|s/0f ! df sd{rf/Lx?sf] j}olQms ljj/0f, k|s/0f @ df
sd{rf/Lsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / xfl;n u/]sf] tflnd ;DalGwt ljj/0fx? pNn]v
ug'{kb{5 .
% k|s/0f # sf] -s_ df sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L, -v_
df sfo{ tflnsf ePdf ;f] / -u_ df cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f
eg'{kb{5 .
^ k|s/0f $ b]lv ( ;Ddsf] ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] ;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg'{kb{5 . k|s/0f
# sf] -s_ / -u_ df sd{rf/Ln] e/]sf] ljj/0fsf] ;DaGwdf ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
191
k|s/0f $ df cfkm\gf] dGtJo n]Vg'kb{5 . ;fy} ;DalGwt sd{rf/L;Fu 5nkmn

u/L 5nkmnsf] ;ª\lIfKt ljj/0f;d]t n]Vg'kb{5 .
& k|s/0f % sf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgnfO{ -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_
/ -ª_ u/L % :t/df ljefhg u/L -s_ nfO{ pRrtd sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/
/ -ª_ nfO{ Go"gtd :t/ dfgL sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg u/L ;+nUg kmf/dsf]
sf]i7 df -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ jf -ª_ dWo] pko'Qm :t/ hgfpg'kb{5 . :t/
pNn]v ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] v08 % df :ki6 ul/Psf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df :t/ hgfpg'kb{5 .
* sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu ;'kl/j]Ifsn] cfkm"cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx? ;a}
cTo'td jf cf};teGbf w]/} tnsf x'G5g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fVg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .
ltgLx? cf};teGbf w]/} tnb]lv cTo'Qd;Dd 5l/P/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 sd{rf/Lx?sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;ª\u7gdf
ePsf sd{rf/Lx?dWo] k|fozM cTo'Qd % b]lv !) k|ltzt;Dd, cf};teGbf
dfly !% b]lv @% k|ltzt;Dd, cf};t $) b]lv %) k|ltzt;Dd, cf};teGbf
tn !% b]lv @% k|ltzt;Dd / cf};teGbf w]/} tn % b]lv !) k|ltzt;Dd
x'g ;S5g\ eGg] ;Demg'kb{5 .
;'kl/j]Ifsåf/f sd{rf/Lsf] d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut ?kdf gul/Pdf k'g/fjnf]sg
stf{n] ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;f] emNsfpg] u/L lghsf] d"Nofª\sg
ug'{kb{5 .
( k|s/0f !) df k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ cfkm" ;'kl/j]Ifsn] u/]sf]
d"Nofª\sg;Fu s'g s'g kIfx?df s] slt xb;Dd ;xdt jf c;xdt /x]sf]
xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ?kdf hgfpg'kb{5 . k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ gx'g] kbx?sf
nflu ;'kl/j]Ifs g} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g] 5g\ .
192
v08 @
! j}olQms ljj/0f M -sd{rf/L cfkm}n] eg'{kg]{_
sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+=

gfd M pd]/ M
bhf{ M
>]0fL M
xfnsf] kbdf a9'jf ldlt M
;]jf M ;d"x M pk;d"xM
dGqfno÷ljefu÷sfof{no M
sfo{:yn M
k|ltj]bgsf] cjlw M b]lv M ;Dd M
k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ;¿jf ePsf sfof{nox? M
@ z}lIfs of]Uotf / tflnd M
# sfd;DaGwL ljj/0f M
-s_ cfkm\gf] kbsf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L -sfo{ ljj/0f lbOPsf] gePdf
cfk"mn] a'em]adf]lhdsf] sfd_ M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
-v_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] tflnsf / nIf tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]

;d]t pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
-u_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f :ki6

?kn] pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ M
ldlt M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
193
v08 #
-;'k/Lj]Ifsn] eg]{_
$= k|s/0f # sf] -s_ / -u_ df pNn]v ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / sfo{

;Dkfbgsf] ljifodf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kn] u/]sf
sfo{x? / sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx?sf] ;DaGwdf oyf;Dej
pbfx/0f ;d]t lbO{ :ki6 ?kn] pNn]v ug'{kb{5 . o; ljifodf sd{rf/L;Fu
5nkmn u/L ;ª\lIfKt ljj/0f n]Vg'kb{5 .
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
194
% sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sg M

tn sf]i7df -s_ cTo'Qd, -v_ cf};teGbf dfly, -u_ cf};t, -3_ cf};teGbf
tn, -ª_ cf};teGbf w]/} tn sfod u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sg
cg';f/sf] :t/ hgfpg'xf];\ . v08 % df pNn]v ePsf :t/x?sf] JofVof
;d]t cWoog u/L d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
d"Nofª\sgsf tÎjx? M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / l;k
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] kl/df0f
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;Dkflbt sfdsf] u'0f:t/
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;hutf / uf]kgLotf /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
lgb]{zgcg';f/ sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cGt/ j}olQms :jefj / Jojxf/
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
pkl:ylt
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
^ sd{rf/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg tflnd lbg'kg]{ eP

pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
195
&= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ M

dfly k|s/0f % df ul/Psf ljleGg tÎjx?sf] d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/df
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg u/L tn lbOPsf] sf]i7df
-√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tn
ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f ;d]t tn pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = =
cTo'Qd M = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf dfly M= = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};t M= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf tn M= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf w]/} tn= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};t eGbf w]/} tn ePdf sf/0fx? pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ .
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
*, sd{rf/Lsf] ;an / b'a{n kIfx?af/] ;ª\If]kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
196
(, sd{rf/Ln] kbf]Gglt kfpg] of]Uotfsf] :t/ M

sd{rf/Lsf] dflyNnf] :t/sf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] gePsf] d"Nofª\sg
u/L tnsf] sf]i7x?dWo] pko'Qm sf]i7df -√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
kbf]Ggltsf] nflu w]/] of]Uo
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
kbf]Ggltsf] nflu of]Uo
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
kbf]Ggltsf] nflu of]Uo eOg;s]sf]
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M x:tfIf/ M bhf{ M ldlt M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
197
v08 $
!)= -k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] eg]{_ M

;'kl/j]Ifsn] dfly k|s/0f $, %, &, * / ( df u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ d"Nofª\sgpk/
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm\gf]tkm{af6 d"Nofª\sg ug]{ . k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n]
;'kl/j]Ifsn] u/]sf] d"Nofª\sg;Fu s'g s'g kIfx?df s] slt xb;Dd ;xdt jf
c;xdt /x]sf] 5 ;f]sf] ljj/0f :ki6 u/L cfkm"n] u/]sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] :t/ ls6fg
u/L pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] u/]sf] d"Nofª\sg g} clGtd x'g] 5 .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfd M b:tvt M bhf{ M ldlt M
198
v08 %
-sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ M /fhkq cgª\lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu_

-s_ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ P]g, lgod / k|lqmofsf] clt g} /fd|f]
1fg tyf cToGt /fd|f] l;k ePsf],
-v_ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gx?sf] ;fy} ljz]if P]g, lgod /
k|lqmofsf] /fd|f] 1fg tyf /fd|f] l;k ePsf],
-u_ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos P]g, lgod / k|lqmofsf] 1fg tyf
;fdfGo l;k ePsf],
-3_ ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu s'g} s'g} P]g, lgod / k|lqmofsf] 1fg tyf s]xL
l;k dfq ePsf],
-ª_ ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos P]g, lgod / k|lqmofsf] 1fg tyf
cfjZos kg]{ l;k gePsf] .
sfo{ ;Dkfbg kl/df0f M

-s_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq 7"nf] kl/df0fdf sfd ;DkGg ug]{,
-v_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq kof{KteGbf a9L sfd ;DkGg ug]{,
-u_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;Gtf]ifhgs kl/df0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug]{,
-3_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq sd kl/df0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug]{,
-ª_ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;Dkflbt sfdsf] kl/df0f w]/} sd x'g] .

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf q'l6 gx'g],
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;fdfGotM q'l6 gx'g],
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf slxn]sfxLF+ dfq q'l6 x'g],
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf q'l6sf] dfqf a9L x'g],
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf q'l6sf] dfqf w]/} x'g] .
199
;hutf / uf]kgLotf /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf

-s_ uf]Ko ;"rgf / sfuhftx?sf] ;'/Iff k"0f{ ?kn] ug]{,
-v_ uf]Ko ;"rgf / sfuhftx?nfO{ cglws[lt JolQmx?sf] kxF'raf6 ;b}j ;'/lIft
/fVg],
-u_ uf]Ko ;"rgf / sfuhftnfO{ cglws[t JolQmx?sf] kx'Fraf6 ;'/lIft /fVg],
-3_ ;"rgf / sfuhftsf] uf]Kotf sfod /fVg] Ifdtfdf e/ kg{ g;lsg],
-ª_ uf]Ko ;"rgf / sfuhftk|lt nfk/jfxL ug]{ .
lgb]{zgcg';f/ sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf

-s_ gofF ljrf/ ljifox?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg] /
tf]lsPadf]lhdsf sfo{x? e/kbf]{ ?kdf lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s ;Dkfbg ug]{,
-v_ gofF ljrf/ / ljifox? l5§} a'emL tf]lsPadf]lhdsf sfo{x?sf] lhDd]jf/L lnO{
;Dkfbg ug]{,
-u_ gofF ljrf/ / ljifox? w]/}h;f] l5§} a'emL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{,
-3_ gofF ljifox? a'em\g w]/}k6s lgb]{zg cfjZos kg]{ / sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf e/ kg{
g;Sg],
-ª_ w]/}k6s lgb]{zg k|fKt eP tfklg gofF ljifo a'emg sl7gfO kg]{, sfo{
;Dkfbgdf k6Ss} ¿lr glng] .

-s_ cToGt Jojxf/ s'zn, gd| / eb|tfsf ;fy ;xof]uL, ;'kl/j]Ifs / hgtfl;t
/fd|f] ;Dks{ /fVg] .
-v_ csf{sf] efjgf / clwsf/sf] sb/ ug]{ / ;w}F gd| /xg],
-u_ ;fdfGo ?kdf c?sf] efjgfsf] sb/ ug]{, ;fdfGo lzi6tf sfod /fVg],
-3_ ;xof]uL, ;'kl/j]Ifs / hgtfl;t a]nf a]nfdf ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{,
-ª_ ;DalGwt JolQmx?k|lt k|foM ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{,
pkl:ylt
-s_ cg'kl:yt gx'g] / ;dodf sfof{no cfpg], cfkm\gf] ;do pTkfbs sfddf
nufpg], cfjZos ePdf h'g;'s} a]nf klg sfd ug{ tof/ x'g] .
200
-v_ slxn]sfxLF+ dfq l9nf x'g] jf cg'kl:yt x'g]÷st{Jo k"/f ug{nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;do
lbg],
-u_ sfof{nodf ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf pkl:yt x'g], st{Jo k"/f ug{ kof{Kt ;do
lbg],
-3_ sfof{nodf ;dodf pkl:yt gx'g] jf pkl:yt eP klg sfd 5f]8L a/f]a/
aflx/ hfg],
-ª_ sfddf cIfDo x'g] u/L l9nf] x'g], cg'kl:yt /xg],
201
cg';"rL $ -s_

-/fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu_
v08 !
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/d eg]{ ;'kl/j]Ifsx?nfO{ lgb]{lzsf

;fdfGo
!= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo sd{rf/Lx?n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] :t/sf]
@= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgaf6 sd{rf/Lx?sf ;an / b'a{n kIfx? :ki6 ?kn]
yfxf x'g'kb{5 .
;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;f] kmf/d k|fKt ePsf] & lbgleq cfkm"n] eg'{kg]{ d"Nofª\sg e/L
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]; ug'{kb{5 . k'g/fjnf]stf{n] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf]
ldltn] & lbgleq cfkm\gf] d"Nofª\sg;lxt pQm kmf/d ;DalGwt lgsfodf
clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg'kb{5 .
ljz]if
sd{rf/Lsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / xfl;n u/]sf] tflnd;DaGwL ljj/0fx? pNn]v
ug'{kb{5 .
eg'{kb{5 .
202
& k|s/0f % sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgnfO{ -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_
pNn]v ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg km/fdsf] v08 % df :ki6 ul/Psf]
cTo'td jf cf};teGbf w]/} tnsf x'G5g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fVg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .
;'kl/j]Ifsåf/f sd{rf/Lsf] d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut ?kdf gul/Pdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{
;'kl/j]Ifsn] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;f] emNsfpg] u/L lghsf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
203
v08 @

sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+= M
gfd M pd]/ M
bhf{ M
>]0fL M
;]jf M ;d"x M pk;d"x M
sfo{:yn M
k|ltj]bgsf] cjlw M b]lv ;Dd
k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ;¿jf ePsf] sfof{nox? M
cfkm"n] a'em]adf]lhdsf] sfd_ M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
-v_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] tflnsf / nIf tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]
;d]t pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
-u_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f :ki6 ?kn]
pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ ldlt
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
204
v08 #
-;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{_
$ k|s/0f # sf] -s_ / -u_ df pNn]v ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / sfo{

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
205
% sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg

tn sf]i7 df -s_ cTo'Qd, -v_ cf};teGbf dfly, -u_ cf};t, -3_
cf};teGbf tn, -ª_ cf};teGbf w]/} tn sfod u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofª\sgcg';f/sf] :t/ hgfpg'xf];\, . v08 % df pNn]v ePsf :t/x?sf]
JofVof ;d]t cWoog u/L d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfo{ of]hgf, kl/df0f / :t/
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfddf cu|;/tf / ;[hgzLntf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
ljj]s k|of]u ug]{ / lg0f{o lng ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfo{sf] ;ª\u7g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sl7g kl/l:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u
206
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;~rf/ l;k
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
207

pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
& sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ M
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg u/L tn lbOPsf] sf]i7df -
√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cTo'Qd
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf dfly M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};t
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tn ePdf sf/0fx? pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ .
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
208
* sd{rf/Lsf] ;an / b'a{n kIfx?af/] ;ª\If]kdf pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
( sd{rf/Ln] kbf]Gglt kfpg] of]Uotfsf] :t/ M

sd{rf/Lsf] dflyNnf] :t/sf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] gePsf] d"Nofª\sg u/L
tnsf] sf]i7x?dWo] pko'Qm sf]i7df -√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
kbf]Ggltsf] nflu w]/} of]Uo
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw
209
v08 $
!), -k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] eg]{_ M

;'kl/j]Ifsn]dfly k|s/0f $, %, &, * / ( df u/]sf] ;Dk"0f{ d"Nofª\sgpk/
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
210
v08 %
-sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ M /fhkqfª\lst t[tLo >]0fL_

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;a} ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg;lxt, s'g sfo{ lsg
;Dkfbg ul/G5 eGg] / cGo sfo{x?;Fu o;sf] cGt/ ;DaGwsf] ljifodf klg
1fg ePsf],
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / kof{Kt l;k ePsf],
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ b}lgs ?kdf cfjZos kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / rflxg]
l;k dfq ePsf],
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg k"0f{ ?kdf gePsf],
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg gu0o dfqfdf ePsf] .
sfo{ of]hgf, kl/df0f / :t/

-s_ sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{, ;Dkflbt sfdsf ;a} kIfx?df cToGt
/fd|f] Wofg k'¥ofpg] / pRrtd :t/sf] sfo{ zL3| ;Dkfbg ug]{,
-v_ sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf cfjZoseGbf w]/} sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{,
sfdsf] ;a} kIfdf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg] / ;Dkflbt sfo{ pRr :t/sf] x'g],
-u_ sfo{ of]hgfdf slxn]sfxLF+ kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{, tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;Gtf]ifhgs
kl/df0fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{, sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ u|fXo x'g],
-3_ sfo{ of]hgfdf a/f]a/ kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{, tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfd k"/f ug]{ t/
;Dkflbt sfo{df k'g/fjnf]sgsf] a9L cfjZostf /xg],
-ª_ sfo{ of]hgf gagfpg], tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfd k"/f gug]{ / sfo{sf] :t/
u|fXo gx'g] .
sfddf cu|;/tf / ;[hgzLntf

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;w}F gofF ;'emfjx? lbg] / ;w}F gofF sfo{x?
;'¿ ug]{,
-v_ pko'Qm ;'wf/sf nflu a/fa/ gofF k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{, sfo{x? ;'¿ ug{ cfkm}
cu|;/ x'g],
211
-u_ b}lgs k|s[ltsf] sfo{afx]s cfjZostfcg';f/ cGo sfo{x? klg ug]{ /

obfsbf ;'wf/sf k|:tfjx? k|:t't ug]{,
-3_ slxn]sfxLF+ gofF k|:tfjx? k]; ug]{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ lgb]{zgsf] ck]Iff
ul//xg],
-ª_ gu0o ?kdf gofF k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{, sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cu|;/ gx'g] / lgoldt
k|sf/sf] sfddf dfq ;+nUg /xg] .
ljj]s k|of]u ug]{ / lg0f{o lng ;Sg] Ifdtf M

-s_ sl7g kl/l:ylt nufot ;a} cj;/df ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o lng ;Sg] / Ifdtfdf
e/ kg{ ;lsg],
-v_ ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o lng ;Sg] / Ifdtfdf e/ kg{ ;lsg],
-u_ w]/}h;f] lgisif{ / lg0f{ox? cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g],
-3_ ;fdfGotof q'l6k"0f{ lgisif{ lgsfNg] / k|foM unt ljsNksf] 5gf]6 ug],{
-ª_ w]/}h;f] cljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o ug]{ / u/]sf] sfddf e/ kg{ g;lsg] .
sfo{sf] ;ª\u7g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf

-s_ ;xof]uLx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{ ljefhg u/L lgb]{zg lbg], cfjZos
;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 sl7g ;dodf ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] c;fwf/0f
Ifdtf ePsf],
-v_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pko'Qm sfo{ ljefhg u/L ;xof]uLx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L
lgb]{zg lbg] / sl7g ;dodf klg pko'Qm ;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 ;dod} sfo{
;Dkfbg u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf],
-u_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xL ?kdf sfo{ ljefhg u/L lgb]{zg ug]{ tyf
pko'Qm ;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 ;dod} sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] cfjZos Ifdtf
ePsf],
-3_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xL ?kdf sfo{ ljefhg u/L lgb]{zg lbg] /
pko'Qm ;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] Ifdtf ;Lldt ePsf],
-ª_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xL ?kdf sfo{ ljefhg ug{ g;Sg], lgb]{zg lbg /
lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg] / sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] Ifdtf gePsf] .
212
sl7g kl/l:yltdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf M

-s_ clt sl7g kl/l:yltdf ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L
k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg],
-v_ sl7g kl/l:yltdf klg sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L sfd ug{
;Sg],
-u_ b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n kl/l:yltn] s'g} c;/ gkf/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ug{ ;Sg],
-3_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf slxn]sfxLF+ cfj]zdf cfpg] / csf{sf] sfddf ;d]t
afwf k'¥ofpg],
-ª_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf w}o{ lnP/ sfd ug{ g;Sg] .
;|f]t / ;fwfgx?sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] cToGt ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf lgwf{/0f
u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tx?sf] cToGt k|efjsf/L
?kdf ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] pko'Qm lsl;dn]
lgwf{/0f u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / clwstd ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ug]{
tyf ;fdfGotM pknAw ;fwgx?sf] ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx? lgwf{/0f ug]{ Ifdtf ;Lldt
ePsf] / pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;Lldt pkof]u ug]{,
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx? lgwf{/0f ug{ g;Sg] tyf
pknAw ;fwgx?sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ g;Sg] .
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
-s_ k];fut dof{bfsf] kfngf cg's/0fLo 9Ën] ug]{,
-v_ k];fut dof{bfsf] kfngf ;x|fgLo 9Ën] ug]{,
-u_ k];fut dof{bfsf] kfngf ug]{,
-3_ k];fut dof{bfsf] slxn]sfxLF+ dfq pNnª\3g ug]{,
-ª_ k];fut dof{bfsf] a/f]a/ pNnª\3g ug]{ .
213

-s_ pko'Qmtf / pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{, ;'kl/j]Ifs /
hgtfx?;Fu clt k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;DaGw /fVg], ;a};Fu ldnLh'nL sfd ug]{,
cToGt ljgd| / ;w}F ;x|fgLo ;xof]usf] efjgf b]vfpg],
-v_ pko'Qmtf / pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ ;'kl/j]Ifs /
hgtfx?;Fu w]/} k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;DaGw /fVg], ljgd|, c?x?sf] efjgfsf]
sb/ ug]{ / ;w}F ;xof]usf] efjgf b]vfpg],
-u_ pko'Qmtf / pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]u, ;xsdL{ ;'kl/j]Ifs / hgtf;Fu
;fdfGotof k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;DaGw /fVg] / ;xof]usf] efjgf b]vfpg],
-3_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{x?;Fu k|foM /fd|f] ;DaGw g/fVg], slxn]sfxLF clzi6 Jojxf/
ug]{ / w]/}h;f] c;xof]uL k|j[lQ b]vfpg],
-ª_ ;xof]uL, ;'kl/j]Ifs / ;j{;fwf/0fk|lt clzi6, ;xof]usf] efjgf gePsf] /
csf{sf] sfddf afwf k'¥ofpg] .
;~rf/ l;k
-s_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifsx?;Fu lnlvt / df}lvs ;~rf/ ug]{ cToGt
k|efjsf/L l;k ePsf], cfkm\gf] ljifoj:t' clt k|efjsf/L ?kdf / ljZj;gLo
9Ën] k|:t't ug{ ;Sg],
-v_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifsx?;Fu lnlvt / df}lvs ;~rf/ ug]{ w]/} /fd|f]
l;k ePsf], cfkm\gf] ljifoj:t' k|efjsf/L ?kn] k|:t't ug{ ;Sg],
-u_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifs;Fu ;fdfGotof k|efjsf/L ?kdf lnlvt /
df}lvs ;~rf/ ug{ ;Sg] . cfkm\gf] ljifoj:t' pko'Qm lsl;dn] k|:t't ug{
;Sg],
-3_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifsx?nfO{ ;fdfGotof lnlvt / df}lvs ?kdf
;"rgf lbg ;Sg] . cfkm\gf] ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ slxn]sfxLF sl7gfO
x'g],
-ª_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifs;Fu lgaf{w ?kdf ;~rf/ ug{ g;Sg] / cfkm\gf]
ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'tLs/0f /fd|/L ug{ g;Sg] .
214
cg';"rL $ -v_

-/fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fLsf] nflu_
v08 !

;fdfGo
yfxf x'g'kb{5 .
;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;f] kmf/d k|fKt ePsf] & lbgleq cfk"mn] eg'{kg]{ d"Nofª\sg e/L
ljz]if
ug'{kb{5 .
eg'{kb{5 .
215

u/L 5nkmnsf] ;ª\lIfKt lj/0f;d]t n]Vg'kb{5 .
& k|s/0f % sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgnfO{ -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_
pNn]v ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg km/fdsf] v08 % df :ki6 ul/Psf]
cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tnsf x'G5g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fVg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .
;'kl/j]Ifsåf/f sd{rf/Lsf] d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut ?kdf gul/Pdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n]
;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;f] emNsfpg] u/L lghsf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
216
v08 @
sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+= M
gfd M pd]/ M
bhf{ M
>]0fL M
sfo{:yn M
cfkm"n] a'em]adf]lhdsf] sfd_ M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
-v_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] tflnsf / nIf tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] ;d]t
pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
-u_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f :ki6 ?kn]
pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ M ldlt M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
217
v08 #
-;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{_
$= k|s/0f # sf] -s_ / -u_ df pNn]v ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / sfo{
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
%= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg

tn sf]i7 df -s_ cTo'Qd, -v_ cf};teGbf dfly, -u_ cf};t, -3_
cf};teGbf tn, -ª_ cf};teGbf w]/} tn sfod u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
d"Nofª\sgcg';f/sf] :t/ hgfpg'xf];\, . v08 % df pNn]v ePsf :t/sf]
JofVof ;d]t cWoog u/L d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfo{ of]hgf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
g]t[Tj, lgb]{zg lbg] / ;ª\u7gfTds Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;Dkflbt sfdsf] k|ltkmn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
218
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = =
sl7g kl/l:yltdf sfd ug]{ Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;~rf/ l;k
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;xof]uLx?nfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M

pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
219

sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg u/L tn lbOPsf] sf]i7df -
√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cTo'Qd
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf dfly M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};t
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
ug'{xf];\ .
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
220

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
221
v08 $

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
222
v08 %
-sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ M /fhkqfª\lst låtLo >]0fL_

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;a} ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg;lxt, s'g sfo{ lsg
;Dkfbg ul/G5 eGg] / cGo sfo{x?;Fu o;sf] cGt/ ;DaGwsf] ljifodf klg
1fg ePsf],
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / kof{Kt l;k ePsf],
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ b}lgs ?kdf cfjZos kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / rflxg]
l;k dfq ePsf],
-3_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg k"0f{ ?kdf gePsf],
-ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg gu0o dfqfdf ePsf] .
sfo{ of]hgf
-s_ lj:t[t ?kdf sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] / sfo{ of]hgfcg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ /
sfo{ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ePsf / gePsf sfdx?sf] cGt/ ;DaGw /fd|/L a'emg
;Sg],
-v_ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] / sfo{ of]hgfcg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] t/ sfo{ of]hgfcg'?k sfo{ ;Dkfbg gug]{,
-3_ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] t/ o;sf] lglDt kof{Kt tof/L gug]{,
-ª_ sfo{ of]hgf gagfpg] .

;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 sl7gtd ;dodf ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] c;fwf/0f
Ifdtf ePsf],
-v_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ bIftf;fy sfo{ ljefhg u/L ;xof]uLx?nfO{
k|efjsf/L lgb]{zg lbg] / sl7g ;dodf klg pko'Qm ;dGjosf] dfWoaf6
;dod} sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf],
223
ePsf],

-s_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf clwstd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ cTo'Qd k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{,
-v_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf w]/} ;Gtf]ifhgs kl/df0fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ / /fd|f]
k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{,
-u_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;Gtf]ifhgs kl/df0fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ / cf};t k|ltkmn
k|fKt ug]{,
-3_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf l9nf] u/L Go"gtd sfd k"/f ug]{,
-ª_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf tf]lsPsf] sfd k"/f gug]{ .
;Dkflbt sfd u'0f:t/

-s_ ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] :t/ bIftf / ;[hgzLntfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t pRrtd
x'g],
-v_ ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] :t/ pRr x'g],
-u_ ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] :t/ :jLsfo{;Dd x'g],
-3_ ;Dkflbt sfo{df q'l6sf] dfqf a9L g} x'g],
-ª_ ;Dkflbt sfo{df w]/} q'l6x? x'g] .
ljj]s k|of]u ug]{ / lg0f{o lng ;Sg] Ifdtf M

-s_ sl7g kl/l:ylt nufot ;a} cj;/df ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o lng ;Sg] / Ifdtfdf
e/ kg{ ;lsg],
-v_ ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o lng ;Sg] Ifdtfdf e/ kg{ ;lsg],
-u_ w]/}h;f] lgisif{ / lg0f{ox? cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g],
-3_ ;fdfGotof q'l6k"0f{ lgisif{ lgsfNg] / k|foM unt ljsNksf] 5gf]6 ug],{
-ª_ w]/}h;f] cljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o ug]{ / u/]sf] sfddf e/ kg{ g;lsg] .
224
;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf
-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;w}F gofF ;'emfjx? lbg] / ;w}F gofF sfo{x?
;'¿ ug]{,
-v_ pko'Qm ;'wf/sf nflu a/fa/ gofF k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{, sfo{x? ;'¿ ug{ cfkm}
cu|;/ x'g],
-u_ b}lgs k|s[ltsf] sfo{afx]s cfjZostfcg';f/ cGo sfo{x? klg ug]{ /
obfsbf ;'wf/sf k|:tfjx? k|:t't ug]{,
-3_ slxn]sfxLF gofF k|:tfjx? k]; ug]{, sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ug{ lgb]{zgsf] ck]Iff
ul//xg],
-ª_ gu0o ?kdf gofF k|:tfj ug]{, sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf cu|;/ gx'g] / lgoldt
k|sf/sf] sfddf dfq ;+nUg /xg] .

u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tx?sf] cToGt k|efjsf/L
?kdf ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] pko'Qm lsl;dn] lgwf{/0f
u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / clwstd ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ug{
ePsf] / pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;Lldt pkof]u ug]{,
sl7g kl/l:yltdf sfd ug]{ Ifdtf

-s_ clt sl7g kl/l:yltdf ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L
k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg],
;Sg],
-u_ b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n kl/l:yltn] s'g} c;/ gkf/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ug{ ;Sg],
225
-3_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf slxn]sfxLF+ cfj]zdf cfpg] / csf{sf] sfddf ;d]t afwf
k'¥ofpg],
-ª_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf w}o{ lnP/ sfd ug{ g;Sg] .
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
-3_ k];fut dof{bfsf] slxn]sfxLF dfq pNnª\3g ug]{,

-u_ pko'Qmtf / pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]u, ;xsdL{ ;'kl/j]Ifs / hgtf;Fu
;fdfGotof k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;DaGw /fVg] / ;xof]usf] efjgf b]vfpg],
;~rf/ l;k
-v_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifsx?;Fu lnlvt / df}lvs ;~rf/ ug{ w]/} /fd|f]
226

;Sg],
x'g],

-s_ pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L lng / sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ ;xof]uL
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
cfjZos lgb]{zg tyf tflnd lbg],
-v_ pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L lng / sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ ;xof]uL
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ tflnd lbg],
-u_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{ k|lzIf0fsf] dfWodaf6 sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg
ug{ tyf pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ d2t ug]{,
-3_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;df slxn]sfxLF dfq cle¿lr lng] t/
sfo{ k|lzIf0fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s glng],
-ª_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsl;t ug{df cle¿lr glng] tyf pgLx?nfO{
sfddf k|lzIf0f glbg] .
227
cg';"rL $ -u_

-/fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL / ;f]eGbf dflysf] nflu_
v08 !

;fdfGo
yfxf x'g'kb{5 .
;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;f] kmf/d k|fKt ePsf] & lbgleq cfk"mn] eg'{kg]{ d"Nofª\sg e/L
ljz]if
ug'{kb{5 .
eg'{kb{5 .
228

& k|s/0f % df sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgnfO{ -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_ /
-ª_ u/L % :t/df ljefhg u/L -s_ nfO{ pRrtd sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ /
-ª_ nfO{ Go"gtd :t/ dfgL sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg u/L ;+nUg kmf/dsf]
pNn]v ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/dsf] v08 % df :ki6 ul/Psf]
cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tnsf x'G5g\ eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fVg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .
;'kl/j]Ifsåf/f sd{rf/Lsf] d"Nofª\sg j:t'ut ?kdf gul/Pdf
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ;f] emNsfpg] u/L lghsf]
d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
229
v08 @
sd{rf/L ;+s]t g+= M
gfd M pd]/ M
bhf{ M
>]0fL M
sfo{:yn M
-s_ cfkm\gf] kbsf] sfd, st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L -sfo{ ljj/0f lbOPsf] gePdf cfkm"n]
a'em]adf]lhdsf] sfd_ M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
-v_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] tflnsf / nIf tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] ;d]t
pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
-u_ k|ltj]bgsf] cjlwdf cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] ljj/0f :ki6 ?kn] pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ M ldlt M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
230
v08 #
-;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{_
$ k|s/0f # sf] -s_ / -u_ df pNn]v ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfd / sfo{
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
% sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg

tn sf]i7 df -s_ cTo'Qd, -v_ cf};teGbf dfly, -u_ cf};t, -3_ cf};teGbf tn,
-ª_ cf};teGbf w]/} tn sfod u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofª\sgcg';f/sf] :t/
hgfpg'xf];\, . v08 % df pNn]v ePsf :t/x?sf] JofVof ;d]t cWoog u/L
d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
gLltut ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug]{ Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sfo{ of]hgf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
g]t[Tj / lgb]{zg lbg] / ;ª\u7gfTds Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
231

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;[hgzLntf bL3{sfnLg ;f]rfO
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cTolws rfkdf ;d]t sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
;~rf/ l;k
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
232

pNn]v ug'{xf];\ M
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg u/L tn lbOPsf] sf]i7df
-√_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ;dli6ut d"Nofª\sg cTo'Qd jf cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cTo'Qd
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = == = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf dfly M
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == == = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};t
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
cf};teGbf w]/} tn
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
ug'{xf];\ .
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
233

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
cjlw M
234
v08 $

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf gfd M x:tfIf/ M bhf{ M ldlt M
235
v08 %
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/M /fhkqfª\lst k|yd >]0fL / ;f]eGbf dflysf] nflu

gLltut ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ifdtf M
-s_ gofF gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogn] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
k|zf;lgs If]qx?df kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] cToGt /fd|f] 9Ën] ljZn]if0f ug{
;Sg],
-v_ gofF gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogn] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
k|zf;sLo If]qx?df kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs 9Ën] ljZn]if0f ug{
;Sg],
-u_ gofF gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogn] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s /
k|zf;sLo If]qx?df kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] ;fdfGo ?kn] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg],
-3_ gofF gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogaf6 kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ;Lldt
?kdf dfq ug{ ;Sg],
-ª_ gofF gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogaf6 kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug{
g;Sg] .
-r_ ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfx?;Fu låkIfLo jf ax''kIfLo 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug{
;Sg], o:tf 5nkmnx?df cfkm\gf] kIfsf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug]{ / o;nfO{
dfGo u/fpg ;Sg],
-v_ ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yf;Fu låkIfLo jf ax''kIfLo 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug{
;Sg] / o:tf 5nkmnx?df cfkm\gf] kIfsf] b[li6sf]0f ts{k"0f{ / ljZj;gLo
9Ën] /fVg ;Sg],
-u_ ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfx?;Fu låkIfLo jf ax''kIfLo 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug{
lxrlsrfpg] / o:tf 5nkmnx?df efu lnFbf cfkm\gf] kIfsf] b[li6sf]0f
/fVg;Dd ;Sg],
-3_ ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfx?;Fu låkIfLo jf ax''kIfLo 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug{
lxrlsrfpg] / o:tf 5nkmnx?df efu lnFbf ts{k"0f{ 9Ën] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f
k|:t't ug{ g;Sg],
-ª_ ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfx?;Fu 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug{ grfxg] / o:tf
5nkmnx?df efu lnFbf cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug{ g;Sg] .
236
sfo{ of]hgf
-s_ lj:t[t ?kdf sfo{ of]hgf agfpg], sfo{ of]hgfcg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ /
sfo{ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ePsf / gePsf sfdx?sf] cGt/ ;DaGw /fd|/L a'emg
;Sg],
-v_ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] / sfo{ of]hgfcg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ of]hgf agfpg] t/ sfo{ of]hgfcg'?k sfo{ ;Dkfbg gug]{,
-3_ sfo{ of]hgfsf] ?k/]vf agfpg] t/ o;sf ljleGg kIfx?df k"/f ljrf/
gk'¥ofpg],
-ª_ sfo{ of]hgf gagfpg] .

;dGjosf] dfWodaf6 sl7gtd ;dodf ;d]t sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg] c;fwf/0f
Ifdtf ePsf],
-v_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ bIftf;fy sfo{ ljefhg u/L ;xof]uLx?nfO{
k|efjsf/L lgb]{zg lbg] / sl7g ;dodf klg pko'Qm ;dGjosf] dfWodaf6
;dod} sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf],
ePsf],

-s_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf clwstd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{, k|ltkmn pRr :t/Lo x'g],
-v_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf w]/} ;Gtf]ifhgs kl/df0fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ / w]/} /fd|f]
x'g],
-u_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;Gtf]ifhgs kl/df0fdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ / k|ltkmn /fd|f]
x'g],
237
-3_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfd k"/f ug]{ t/ k|ltkmn ;Gtf]ifhgs gx'g],

-ª_ tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf tf]lsPsf] sfd k"/f gug]{ tyf k|ltkmn /fd|f] gx'g] .

-s_ pko'Qm / :t/Lo ljj]s k|of]u u/L ;[lht kl/l:yltdf ;a}eGbf pko'Qm lg0f{o
ug]{,
-v_ pko'Qm ljj]s k|of]u u/L ;w}Fh;f] 7f]; k'i6\ofO lbO{ lg0f{o ug]{,
-u_ w]/}h;f] 7f]; k'i6\ofO lbO{ lg0f{o ug]{,
-3_ slxn]sfxLF dfq 7f]; k'i6\ofO lbO{ lg0f{o ug]{,
-ª_ w]/}h;f] cljj]s k"0f{ lg0f{o ug]{ .
;[hgzLntf / bL3{sfnLg ;f]rfO

-s_ eljiodf rfNg'kg]{ Jofjxfl/s / bL3{sfnLg sbdx?k|lt Jofks k"j{ b[li6
ePsf] / To; ;DaGwdf k"j{ ;ts{tf ckgfpg], cToGt ;[hgzLn ePsf],
-v_ eljiodf rfNg'kg]{ bL3{sfnLg sbdx?k|lt k"j{ b[li6 ePsf] / To; ;DaGwdf
;fdfGotM k"j{ ;ts{tf ckgfpg] ;[hgzLn ePsf],
-u_ eljiodf rfNg'kg]{ sbdx?k|lt ;Lldt k"j{ b[li6 ePsf] / lgof]lht ?kdf k"j{
;ts{tf gckgfpg], ;Lldt ;[hgzLntf ePsf],
-3_ slxn]sfxLF gofF ljrf/x? k|:t't ug]{, k"j{ b[li6 gePsf] / k"j{ ;ts{tf
gckgfpg],
-ª_ gofF ljrf/x? gu0o ?kdf k|:t't ug]{ / sfo{x? lgof]lht ?kdf ;DkGg
gug]{ .

u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / pknAw lsl;dsf ;fwg / ;|f]tx?sf] cToGt
k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] pko'Qm lsl;dn] lgwf{/0f
u/L afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;Sg] / clwstd ;b'kof]u ug]{,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwgx?sf] cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ug]{
238
ePsf] / pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;Lldt pkof]u ug]{,
cTolws rfkdf ;d]t sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf

-s_ clt sl7g kl/l:yltdf ;d]t k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg],
;Sg],
-u_ b}lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf k|lts"n kl/l:yltn] s'g} c;/ gkfg]{ u/L sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg],
-3_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltn] sfo{ ;DkfbgnfO{ k|efljt ug]{,
-ª_ k|lts"n kl/l:yltdf sfd ug{ g;Sg] .
k];fut ;+j]bgzLntf
-3_ k];fut dof{bfsf] slxn]sfxLF+ dfq pNnª\3g ug]{,

-u_ pko'Qmtf / pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ ;'kl/j]Ifs /
hgtf;Fu ;fdfGotof k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ;DaGw /fVg] / ;xof]usf] efjgf
b]vfpg],
239
;~rf/ l;k
-v_ ;xof]uL, ;xsdL{ / ;'kl/j]Ifsx?;Fu lnlvt / df}lvs ;~rf/ ug{ w]/} /fd|f]
;Sg],
x'g],

-s_ pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L lng / sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ ;xof]uL
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ / pgLx?df cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
cfjZos lgb]{zg tyf tflnd lbg],
-v_ pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L lng / sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ ;xof]uL
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ tflnd lbg],
-u_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzIf0fsf] dfWodaf6 sl7g sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{
tyf pRr :t/Lo lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ d2t ug]{,
-3_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;df slxn]sfxLF dfq cle¿lr lng] t/
sfo{ k|lzIf0fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s glng],
-ª_ ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsl;t ug{df cle¿lr glng] tyf pgLx?nfO{
sfddf k|lzIf0f glbg] .
240
cg';"rL %
>L % sf] ;/sf/df xfn /x]sf l/Qm b/aGbLx? *

! /fhkqfª\lst k|zf;g k|fljlws
ljlzi6 >]0fL % !
cltl/Qm ;lrj !@ (
;x;lrj :t/ *! (&
pk;lrj :t/ @)% #&#
;xfos ;lrj :t/ !)! @!$
/f=k+= t[tLo $(# !#&^
hDdf *(& @)&)
b'j}sf] hDdf M @(^&
@ /fhkq cgª\lst k|zf;g k|fljlws

k|yd >]0fL *($ @#(*
låtLo >]0fL !#*# !()@
t[tLo >]0fL *%^ !#&)
rt'y{ >]0fL !$% $^*
6fOlk:6 $&%
;jf/L rfns @!$
lkog jf ;f] ;/x @&&^
hDdf ^&$# ^!#*
b'j}sf] hDdf M !@**!
;a}sf] s'n hDdf M !%*$*
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
gf]6 M dGqfno / cGtu{tsf lgsfo Pj+ ;+j}wflgs cËsf ;lrjfnox? ;d]tsf]

ljj/0f ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 . * ;|f]t– lghfdtL lstfavfgf
241
cg';"rL ^
:yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox?df lgIf]k0f ul/g'kg]{ ljifox?

ljleGg dGqfnocGtu{t /x]sf clwsf/ lhDd]jf/LdWo] :yfgLo ;+:yfx?df lgIf]k0f
ul/g'kg]{ ljifox? M
lhNnf :t/df
! lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ljsf;;DaGwL
-s_ k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd / cgf}krfl/s lzIff,
-v_ k"j{ k|fylds tyf k|fylds lzIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkg,
-u_ v]ns'b / zf/Ll/s ljsf; .
@ :jf:Yo;DaGwL
-s_ x]Ny ;]G6/ tyf x]Ny kf]:6 tyf cf}ifwfnox?sf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng
tyf Joj:yfkg
-v_ kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ lzz' sNof0f, hg;ª\Vof lzIff,
-u_ ;¿jf /f]u tyf dxfdf/Lsf] /f]syfd tyf pkrf/sf] Joj:yf,
-3_ hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? .
# cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf;DaGwL

-s_ u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL,
-v_ gu/kflnsf If]q aflx/sf a:tL tyf ahf/x?sf] ljsf; of]hgf,
-u_ 3gf a:tLsf] ;/;kmfO tyf k|b"if0f lgoGq0f .
$ cfGtl/s ;"rgf tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL

-s_ hGd d[To' tyf cGo 36gf btf{ -;Dk"0f{ lhNnfsf] ;"rgf ;ª\sng,
tyf /]s8{_,
-v_ xf6ahf/, d]nfsf] k|j4{g .
242
%, hn;|f]t;DaGwL
-s_ ;fgf l;FrfOsf] k|j4{g, lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg,
-v_ gbL s6fg /f]syfd .
^ lgdf{0f oftfoft;DaGwL
-s_ lhNnf ;8s, 3f]8]6f], emf]n'Ë] k'nsf] lgdf{0f /]vb]v, ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g,
-v_ ;8ssf] 9n lgsf; .
& jg tyf jftfj/0f;DaGwL

-s_ ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnot jg / lghL jg
-v_ jftfj/0fsf] ;'/Iff / ;+j4{g
-u_ e";+/If0f
* :yfgLo ljsf;;DaGwL
-s_ :yfgLo hgzlQmsf] kl/rfng
-v_ ;fd'bflos ljsf;
gu/ :t/df
! lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL
-s_ k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd
-v_ k"j{ k|fylds / k|fylds lzIffsf] Joj:yfkg
-u_ dfWolds ljBfnonfO{ ;xof]u / ;+j4{g
-3_ v]ns'b tyf zf/Ll/s ljsf;
-ª_ k':tsfno tyf jfrgfnosf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg
@ :jf:Yo;DaGwL
-s_ x]Ny ;]G6/ tyf x]Ny kf]:6sf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgf
-Pnf]Koflys, cfo'j]{lbs, o"gfgL tyf xf]ldof]KofyL_,
-v_ kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ lzz' sNof0f, hg;ª\Vof lzIff
243
-u_ ;¿jf /f]usf] tyf dxfdf/Lsf] /f]syfd tyf pkrf/sf] Joj:yf

-3_ jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo
-ª_ hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL cGo s'/fx?
# cfjf; tyf ef}lts of]hgf;DaGwL

-s_ ;x/L vfg]kfgL -%) xhf/ hg;ª\Vof;DdnfO{_
-v_ ;x/L If]qsf] 9n lgsf;
-u_ gu/ ljsf; of]hgf
-3_ ;x/L cfjf; -ljkGg If]qdf_
-ª_ kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkg
-r_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f
-5_ xl/of] If]q, kfs{ / dgf]/~hg :ynsf] ljsf; .
$ cfGtl/s ;"rgf tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL

-s_ hGd d[To' tyf cGo 36gf btf{
-v_ jf¿0foGq
-u_ xf6ahf/ d]nfsf] k|aGw .
% jg tyf jftfj/0f;DaGwL
-s_ :yfgLo hg;xof]uaf6 ;DkGg x'g] gbL s6fg, e"Ifo cflbsf] lgoGq0f
^ ljljw
-s_ jf¿0f oGqsf] ;~rfng, jwzfvf / sfGhL xfp;sf] Joj:yf
-v_ wd{:yn, b]jfno / ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] /]vb]v .
ufpF :t/df -lhNnfsf] ;xof]udf ug]{_

! lzIff;DaGwL
-s_ k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd, cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmd
-v_ k|fylds lzIffnosf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng
244
@ :jf:Yo;DaGwL -k|;f/ sfo{_

-s_ k|fylds :jf:Yo lzIff tyf ;/;kmfO
-v_ ;¿jf /f]usf] /f]syfdsf] k|aGw
-u_ hg;ª\Vof lzIff tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hg;DaGwL sfo{qmd
# cfGtl/s ;"rgf tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL

-s_ hGd d[To' tyf cGo 36gf btf{
-v_ xf6ahf/, d]nfsf] k|aGw .
-u_ sfGhL xfp;sf] k|aGw
-3_ jwzfnf /fVg] :yfgsf] lgwf{/0f .
$ hn;|f]t;DaGwL
-s_ ;fgf l;FrfOsf] ;+/If0f
-v_ Ogf/, s'jf, wf/f, kf]v/L / hnf;osf] lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg /
;/;kmfO .
% lgdf{0f oftfoft;DaGwL
-s_ ufpF :t/Lo ;8s lgdf{0f ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g,
-v_ uf]/]6f], 3f]8]6f], t'Og, sNe6{, sf7] k'nsf] ;+/If0f
-u_ ;fd'bflos ejgsf] Joj:yf
^ jg tyf jftfj/0f -k|;f/ sfo{_

-s_ hnfwf/ ;+/If0f
-v_ ;/;kmfO / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sfo{qmd
-v_ jg jfl6sf, jg ;+/If0f ug]{,
-u_ zf}rfno
& ljljw
-s_ b]jfno, wd{:yn / ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] /]vb]v,
-v_ ;fgfltgf d'2f x]g]{ .
245
cg';"rL &
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] ;ª\Vof, @)$^.)$& ;Ddsf] ljQLo l:ylt / sd{rf/L ljj/0f
qm= ;+:yfg :yfkgf jif{ sd{rf/L ;~rfng v'b l:y/ rfn" k'FhL k'FhLsf]
;+= ;ª\Vof gfkmf gf]S;fg ;DklQ -¿= nfvdf_ k|ltkmn
-¿= nfvdf_ -¿= nfvdf_ -k|ltztdf_
! s[lif cf}hf/ sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2025 393 3 85 75 1 .88
@ s[lif r'g pBf]u lnld6]8 2030 95 - 35 91 9 .12
# afnfh' sk8f pBf]u lnld6]8 2027 334 0 .38 36 .66 35 .59 (-)
$ af;Fjf/L 5fnf tyf h'Qf 2020 161 (-) 49 .39 97 .36 261 .33 (-)
sf/vfgf
% eQmk'/ OF6f sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2032 464 (-) 6 152 .82 28 (-)3 .31
^ e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2039 280 66 889 480 8 .77
& jL/uGh rLgL sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2019 1477 436 915 268 29 .07
* OF6f 6fon sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2026 578 (-) 1 .14 69 .99 49 .04 (-)5 .93
( b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg 2026 1242 (-) 261 1041 107 (-)12 .79
!) g]kfn 9nf}6 sfo{zfnf ljsf; 036/37 71 -;+o'Qm nufgLtkm{ sf/afxL_ 51 .49
;ldlt
!! hl8a'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg 2038 144 (-)3 .93 99 .71 134 .88 (-)1 .68
sDkgL lnld6]8
!@ x]6f}F8f l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8 2033 1014 (-) 958 9928 470 (-)9 .61
!# x]6f}F8f sk8f pBf]u lnld6]8 2032 1215 (-) 2 740 1183 (-)0 .67
!$ hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf 2021 2840 (-) 349 849 1519 934
!% n'lDagL lrgL sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2039 838 (-)72 .66 2349 .81 232 .77 (-)2 .91
!^ g]kfn /f]lhg PG8 6k]{G6fOg 2043 270 (-)177 969 .13 472 .23 (-)35 .67
lnld6]8
!& g]kfn lrof ljsf; lgud 2023 240 84 1528 227 0 .05
lnld6]8
!* /3'klt h'6 ldN; 2003 1558 (-)232 .88 113 .57 1532 .68 (-)
!( zfxL cf}ifwL lnld6]8 2029 588 (-)38 463 541 (-)3 .78
@) pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]u 2043 lgdf{0fflwg - lgdf{0fflwg
@! uf]a/Uof; tyf s[lif oGq 175 (-)2 .14 26 .78 9 .96 16 .12
ljsf; k|f= lnld6]8
@@ a'6an ;'tL wfuf] pBf]u lnld6]8 2039 lgdf{0fflwg - lgdf{0fflwg
@# lxdfn l;d]G6 sDkgL lnld6]8 2023 - (-)435 1655 1030 (-)69 .60
@$ g]kfn la6'ldg tyf Aof/]n 2042 14 (-)8 311 10 (-)1 .3
pBf]u lnld6]8
@% g]kfn No'a cfon lnld6]8 2041 86 33 291 314 -
@^ ;]tL r'/f]6 sf/vfgf lnld6]8 2042 lgdf{0fflwg - lgdf{0fflwg
@& g]kfn d]6n sDkgL 2038 lgdf{0fflwg - lgdf{0fflwg
@* g]kfn cf]l/oG6 PG8 Dofg];fO6 2035 307 (-)73:yf= 2476 3124 (-)
246
-k|f= _ lnld6]8
@( s[lif ;fdu|L ;+:yfg 2032 1058 (-)1293 780 3409 (-)
#) 3/]n' lzNksnf ljqmL e08f/ 2023 288 (-)100 .39 232 .04 114 .65 (-)43 .26
lnld6]8
#! /fli6«o Jofkf/ lgud 2018 742 (-)3 .63 2240 318 (-)
#@ g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2031 1379 (-)2454 1220 7120 (-)
## g]kfn cfon lgud 2027 464 (-)304 574 3265 (-)7 .91
#$ lb l6Da/ skf]{/];g ckm g]kfn 2017 1893 (-)362 99 401 (-)119 .87
lnld6]8
#% ;'tL{{ ljsf; sDkgL lnld6]8 2028 749 (-)51 .55 94 .85 164 .67 (-)
#^ g]kfn sf]n lnld6]8 2042 152 (-) - 74 (-)150
#& sfFrf] 5fnf ;ª\sng tyf 2037 403 (-)21 .40 19 .37 37 .51 -
ljsf; ;+:yfg lnld6]8
#* cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yfkg 2045 282 (-)35 .69 608 .88 451 .56 -
lnld6]8
#( g]zgn sG:6«S;g sDkgL 2018 - 11 .35 276 73 .29 1 .44
lnld6]8
$) g]kfn kf/jxg tyf uf]bfd 2028 156 (-) 122 .78 258 .15 33 .03
Joj:yf s= lnld6]8
$! g]kfn oftfoft ;+:yfg 2021 1063 (-)82 430 .76 50 (-)17 .06
$@ g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª sG;N6]G;L 2044 17 7 .37 9 .28 34 .88 16 .69
;]jf s]Gb| ln=
$# zfxL g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud 2015 2407 (-)168 25694 3449 0 .58
$$ s[lif cfof]hgf ;]jf s]Gb| 2031 - (-)19 .39 84 .47 11 .25 22 .95
lnld6]8
$% cfly{s ;]jf s]Gb| 2045 95 1. 9 .81 11 .61 (-)146 .77
$^ ;f+:s[lts ;+:yfg 2029 93 (-) 10 9 2 (-)142 .86
$& uf]/vfkq ;+:yfg 2020 675 0 .39 111 73 0 .103
$* hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| 2035 448 47 166 386 8 .51
lnld6]8
$( g]kfn 6]lnlehg 2042 200 (-)125 293 187 (-)26 .25
%) zfxL g]kfn rnlrq ;+:yfg 2028 97 (-)6 .12 296 .48 310 .22 15 .59
%! u|fdL0f cfjf; tyf a:tL ljsf; 2020 231 15 .63 32 .36 139 .40 -
sDkgL ln=
%@ g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg 2030 2508 (-)329 8377 619 -
%# g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f 2042 9178 7 63927 1696 0 .095
%$ g]kfn b"/ ;~rf/ ;+:yfg 2032 3494 1945 17163 2268 10 .15
%% s[lif ljsf; a}ª\s 2024 4600 263 982 9959 0 .80
%^ /fli6«o ladf ;+:yfg 2024 303 393 46 204 23 .67
%& g]kfn a}ª\s lnld6]8 1994 8502 110 - - 3 .85
%* g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; skf]{/];g 2016 372 274 952 240 10 .33
%( /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}ª\s 2022 6819 (-)354 - - (-)
247
^) shf{ ;'/If0f lgud -k|f=_ 2031 31 61 .71 19 .75 500 .35 11 .86
lnld6]8
^! g]kfn cfjf; ljsf; ljQ 2046 20 sfo{ ;~rfng gePsf]
sDkgL
^@ ;]So'l/6L vl/b ljqmL s]Gb|| 2033 41 19 .25 5 .04 - 12 .76
lnld6]8
;|f]t M ;/sf/L ;+:yfg;DaGwL sfo{ k|ult tyf nIo ljj/0f cfly{s jif{ @)$*.)$(
>L % sf] ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfno
248
cg';"rL *
cfof]usf ;b:ox?åf/f :ynut e|d0f ul/Psf lhNnfx?

;b:osf] gfd e|d0f ul/Psf] lhNnf cjlw
! >L uf]/Ifaxfb'/ * gx'R5] k|wfg sf:sL / kj{t @)$*.(.@!–(.@&;Dd

@ >L ?k Hof]lt ** df]/ª, wgs'6f / ;Kt/L @)$*.*.@$–*.@*;Dd
;b:o;Fu ;+nUg clws[tx? M–

* >L ef]h/fh kf]v/]n, cltl/Qm ;lrj, :jf:Yo dGqfno /
>L u+ufk|;fb zdf{, zfvf clws[t, :jf:Yo dGqfno .
** >L /fwfk|;fb cf]emf, pkdxflgb]{zs, jg ljefu /
>L dfwj rfkfufO{+, zfvf clws[t, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno .
249
cg';"rL (
cfof]udf k|fKt ;'emfjsf] ;ª\Vof / juL{s/0f

-s_ ;'emfj
!, JolQmut @#)
@, ;+:yfut $&
hDdf M– @&&
-v_ ;'emfjsf] ljifo
!, sd{rf/L k|zf;g @%$
@, ;ª\u7g ^(
# ;/sf/L sfo{ljlw $#
$ tflnd &
% e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f !&
^ cfly{s k|zf;g *
& ljljw !^
gf]6 M Pp6} ;'emfjdf ljleGg ljifox? ;dfj]z ePsf .
250
cg';"rL !)
cfof]uaf6 cWoog u/fOPsf ljifox? / ;+nUg clws[tx?sf] gfdfjnL

qm= ljifo cWoog ul/Psf] lhNnf*÷dGqfno cWoog ug]{ clws[t
;+=
! :yfgLo :t/sf] ;ª\u7gx?sf] sfo{ -s_ uf]/vf >L snfw/ zdf{
;~rfng k4lt / ;ª\u7gfTds pk;lrj
:j?ksf] cWoog
-v_ lrtjg >L tLy{/fh zdf{
pk;lrj
-u_ bf]nvf >L u+ufk|;fb k|wfg
pk;lrj
-3_ ?kGb]xL >L g/]Gb|axfb'/ zfx
pk;lrj
@ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg / sfo{af]emsf] -s_ lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft >L snfw/ zdf{
cWoog dGqfno pk;lrj
-v_ pBf]u dGqfno >L tLy{/fh zdf{
pk;lrj
-u_ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno >L u+ufk|;fb k|wfg
pk;lrj
-3_ cy{ dGqfno >L g/]Gb|axfb'/ zfx
pk;lrj
# btf{ rnfgL;DaGwL cWoog -s_ lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft >L snfw/ zdf{
dGqfno pk;lrj /
>L g/]Gb|axfb'/ zfx
pk;lrj
-v_ :jf:Yo dGqfno >L tLy{/fh zdf{
pk;lrj
>L u+ufk|;fb k|wfg
pk;lrj
$ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf l6Kk0fLsf] k|of]u x'g] -s_ u[x dGqfno / :yfgLo >L snfw/ zdf{
ljifo / ;+nUg txaf/]sf] cWoog ljsf; dGqfno pk;lrj
>L uf]kfnzdz]/ h=a=/f=
pk;lrj
-v_ s[lif dGqfno, hn;|f]t >L tLy{/fh zdf{
dGqfno / cy{ dGqfno pk;lrj /
>L an/fd zdf{
pk;lrj
* lhNnfl:yt ljleGg sfof{nox?sf] sfo{ ;~rfng k4lt / ;ª\u7gfTds

:j?ksf] :ynut cWoog u/fOPsf] .
251
cg';"rL !!
cfof]usf] sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= kb gfd, y/ kbflwsf/ /x]sf] sfof{no
! pk;lrj >L ch'{gdl0f cfrfo{ bLlIft ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
@ pk;lrj >L z]ifgf/fo0f dfgGw/ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
# n]vf clws[t >L e/t/fh b]jsf]6f :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
$ zfvf clws[t >L hgs/fh hf]zL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
% zfvf clws[t >L xL/fdl0f l3ld/] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
^ zfvf clws[t >L gj/fh pkfWofo :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
& gfoa ;'Aaf >L uf]k'h]Gb|Wjh hf]zL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
* gfoa ;'Aaf >L rGb|dl0f 1jfnL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
( sDKo'6/ ck|]6/ >L g/]zs'df/ >]i7 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
!) ;xfos tflnd clws[t >L v8uaxfb'/ s6'jfn ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
!! 6fOlk:6 -gfoa ;'Aaf_ >L dbgnfn >]i7 :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
!@ vl/bf/ >L /fh' s]= ;L= hn;|f]t dGqfno
!# vl/bf/ >L ZofdeQm jl/of :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
!$ 8«fOe/ >L xl/axfb'/ yfkf s]Gb|Lo ;]jf ljefu
!% 8«fOe/ >L ;d/axfb'/ u'¿ª s]Gb|Lo ;]jf ljefu
!^ 8«fOe/ >L /]zdaxfb'/ a:g]t s]Gb|Lo ;]jf ljefu
!& 8«fOe/ >L s'df/ >]i7 Hofnfbf/L
!* lkog >L gf/fo0fk|;fb pkfWofo :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
!( lkog >L 5qaxfb'/ /fO{ g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f
k|lti7g
252
cg';"rL !! -s_
cfof]usf] sfo{df cf+lzs ?kdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
l;= g+= kb gfd, y/ kbflwsf/ /x]sf] sfof{no

! ;x;lrj >L d'/f/L/fh zdf{ cy{ dGqfno
@ ;x;lrj >L d's'Gbk|;fb cof{n cy{ dGqfno
# sf=d'= ;xGofolwjQmf >L ;Togf/fo0f k|hfktL dxfGofolwjQmfsf] sfof{no
$ ljQLo ljZn]ifs >L efis/k|;fb b]jsf]6f s[lif cfof]hgf ;]jf s]Gb|
% pk;lrj >L hgfb{g/fh nfld5fg] nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
^ pklgb]{zs >L ;Ltf/fd pk|]tL g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg
& zfvf clws[t >L k|]dk|sfz pk|]tL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
* gfoa ;'Aaf >L ;+hLj/fh /]UdL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
( jl/i7 6fOlk:6 >L cd//Tg ah|frfo{ g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\s
!) ;xfos >L dl0f/fh rfkfufO{+ /fli6«o sDKo'6/ s]Gb|
!! ;jf/L rfns >L OGb|axfb'/ kf}8]n s]Gb|Lo ;]jf ljefu
!@ ,, >L Gx'R5]gf/fo0f tG8'sf/ cy{ dGqfno
!# ,, >L /fdxl/ k|hfktL cy{ dGqfno
253
cg';"rL !! -v_
cfof]usf] sfddf ;+nUg JolQmx? M
gfd, y/ ljifo
! >L s]zj/fh k|;fO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
@ 8f= k'¿iff]Qd ;'j]bL ;/sf/L ;ª\u7gsf] k'g;{+/rgf
# >L an/fd >]i7 sDKo'6/ k|f]u|fldª
;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] dxfg'efjx?

gfd, y/ kb÷lgsfo
! >L hf]g d]g ;Nnfxsf/, a[l6z cf]el/;h 8]enkd]G6 Pl;:6]G6
(ODA/UK)
@ 8f= uf]kfn hf]zL k|d'v k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf/ cfO{=Pn=cf]= -g]kfn_
# 8f= h]D; Pg\6L k|d'v k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf/, o'=Pg=l8=kL= -g]kfn_
$ 8f= w/0fL l;Gxf ;Nnfxsf/, o'=Pg=l8=kL= -g]kfn_
% >L /a6{; ;fG8;{ ;Nnfxsf/, o'=Pg=l8=kL= -g]kfn_
cGo clws[tx?
! cltl/Qm ;lrj :t/ 8f= >L of]u]Gb|dfgl;+x k|wfg, :jf:Yo dGqfno
@ cltl/Qm ;lrj :t/ 8f= >L g/]Gb|axfb'/ /f0ff, :jf:Yo dGqfno
# ;x;lrj :t/ >L nId0fbf; xf8f, lgdf{0f tyf oftfoft
dGqfno
$ ;x;lrj :t/ >L ho/fd lu/L, lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfno
% pkdxflgb]{zs >L bfdf]b/k|;fb k/fh'nL, jg ljefu
^ s[lif ljsf; clws[t >L lzj;'Gb/ >]i7, s[lif ljefu
& l;lgo/ l8lehgn OlGhlgo/ >L uf]s'nk|;fb zdf{, hn tyf zlQm cfof]usf]
;lrjfno
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254

प्रशासन सुधार आयोगको प्रतिवेदन, २०४८

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प्रशासन सुधार आयोगको प्रतिवेदन, २०४८

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