3I Given w is a

nonsingular matrix
INN 0 the trivial Sol n O
only has
Haller Hearn

For this to be a vector norm

I 11NHw 11wall 30 and Ilwu11 0

only if
Wu O ice n o since 1N is
non singular
dis HutyHw Hwenty 11
11 Wnt Wy11
since H H
G e µwall Hwy'd Hnllwt MyHw
is a norm

is Haullw HaWall Kill wall since H H is a norm

12111MW

Hence proved

A spectral radius A
3.2
p of
i e
PLA Idl 2 is an eigenvalue of A
Myx
For a and corresponding eigenvector se
any eigenvalue
An an
12111nA HANH

M IAanfesupiiayii
bYndaukeinaiiionmm9i.Y
norm
11yd

3.3 a Hull max Init Injl suppose Nj is max

Kiam

11mHz Et Init Injl't Init Ing

 i Hull E Hall
equality is achieved when i E Ini12
The 0 i.e
tj
Hi j tail 0

n has only 1 non

zero element n dei

s
b 11mHz 2,1412 Ml't Inu't Hmm

E m axInit mix Init't m ax Init

tm Hally
Equality holds if Fi lnil2 izniaxn.mil
i e ni 1 K H I e ie m
for some k.EC

c HAH Max Haille maximum row sum

leism
From result in La Il Aull k II Ault z

From result in b Hull ton11mHz

HANK Hanlin
Hally Halls
Taking supremum on both sides
HAH E in 11AM
1
d HANH E Tm HANI from lb

11ns I 11mHz from la

 Hanks Tm HANI s
112112 Halls
Taking supremum on both sides

HAlls E Tm HAH

3 4 a B U AIN
where V is an
identity matrix containing only the rows
which we want to keep in B

V is an identity matrix containing only columns

which we want to keep in B

b Since U and 11 only contain Os and IS

HUMP I HuHp's 1
From upper bound on 11UAW Hp 2 HUMP Allp 11WHp

111311ps HAHp

3.5 HEHp Hav Hp

ujviT
t.FI ETj21ujT
HUH HUH i proved

3.6 Hall sup ly ul

Hy11 1

Dual norm

a For H H to be a vector norm

Li 11h11 e
supI lyin I 30 since we take absolute value
Hyll
 and Hull 0 n O

di Katy H sup lat g I

Hall I

sup tan a'yl

Hall I

E
sup la nl la y1
1141 1

sup lat al t
sup la'Ll
all I pay
Hall Hyll
Harrell sup I y Mel
Kyle
lol sup
ly nl
Hyll I
19111nA

Hell is a vector norm

b n
y E cm Hall Hy11 1
Given NE cm I c Cm 2 10 s.tl In 11211 Hull

Let B and we want Bn 111311 1

y y
t
Bu n In
yz y F
we want to compute this term
Not necessarily the same z

Let 20 be such that for the given n

I at 112011 link 112011 since Hall 1

we know that for any vector v
Ypg gives argue
 Let 2 be such that
eio
Eu
4 z ei0zo
112011

where 112111 1
z n 1201 11 11 1
112011in 112011
sinker
have taken
we
adjoint of vector
Bn Hn
c
y y
For the second part we have
111311
sup 11 Ball sup Hy all
Hall _1 Hall I

asif Hylton
1 Hence proved
Hyll