2 i without loss suppose it is upper

ar
of generality
Also A is unitary i e At A
since A is upper ar its inverse A is also upper ar
from result seen in
ch 1

A and A are both upper do i e

i and O
for j i
o a
dig for j ji
This means that to only if i hence A
aij j
is diagonal

The case when A is lower do also has an

analogous proof

2.2 For n orthogonal vectors ni

Hi mill II nil

a Take n 2

Hn null u 1ns Nitra

NY nz N Nu orthogonal

MY n t yo
n N
yon
NI t n zNz

Hull Hnzlr

b HIIniff II ni sent If
again expand use orthogonality
n z
211mill't Hnneill
i I
Nti
z
2 Knill proved
i l
23 A C Cm'm is a Hermitian matrix
A A
A An E C
for some

eigenvector eigenvalue
we want to prove that eigenvalues are real i e a a

a n n n Can

This is the trick in N Am since An an

this problem set A n since A A

An a

an n

a cn n a Half
a at
Let An Ann and
b
Ay Ayy
an Fay
we need to show that n and are
orthogonal i.e n o
y y
Au Ay ayy
Ann o

n A Aunt Ay ayy O

Ant an lay ayy O

O
Hating Ady n y anAnty Andy way
HAIR anting A Andy O
way
i n 0
y
Walternate n Ann An A n
any y y y
ayy n n
y dy