‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﯿﺪﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ‪...‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪ -‬ﺷﻬﺮﮎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﯾﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﮎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﺎﺩﻣﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯾﺮﺍﻥ ‪1399‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ ‪1399‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ﺁﯾﺎ ﻣﺲ ﮐﺮﻭﻧﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﺩ؟‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺿﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﯿﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻭﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﯿﺰﻩ ﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﺪﯼ)ﺭﻭﯼ(‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ‪Mn- phosphating‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﻧﺰ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ )ﺗﺮﯼ ﻣﮑﺲ(‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻟﺲ‪,‬ﺁﻧﺪﺍﯾﺰ‪ ,‬ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪,‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻻﺩﯾﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﯾﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺳﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺏ‪-‬ﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻗﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻃﻼﻭ ﻣﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﯼ‬
‫‪  ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪  ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﮐﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﯼ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺘﺐ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫‪  ‬ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺒﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﯾﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﺪ؟ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﯿﺪ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺒﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ ‪8 - 1 7 :‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪02165734702 - 02165734701‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﯾﺪ‪421 :‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‬
‫‪CONVERTING TO WATERBORNES‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫‪BY RONALD KONIECZYNSKI‬‬
‫‪NORDSON CORP., AMHERST, OHIO‬‬
‫‪Just as government regulations concerning gasoline‬‬
‫‪mileage in the ‘70s helped spur today’s improved‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﯽ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﯿﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪automobile engines, so government regulations‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 70‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫‪concerning VOC emissions from coating lines have‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ‪VOC‬‬
‫‪spurred the development of some‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫‪remarkable waterborne and water based coating‬‬
‫‪materials‬‬
‫‪Now manufacturers need to know how to convert‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬
‫‪their operations to use these new materials‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪efficiently. This means that they need to know what‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ‬
‫‪application equipment is suitable and how best to‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪use it to apply waterbornes‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪A likely first question is “What is the best way to‬‬
‫‪”?apply a waterborne material‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ "ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪The answer is “There is no best way.” The process‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪" :‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪".‬‬
‫‪that works best in a particular application with a‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ‬
‫‪solvent-based coating will usually continue to be the‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫‪best after converting the application to a waterborne‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﭘﻠﯿﮑﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ‬
‫‪coating. The dynamics of getting material from the‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺱ‬
‫‪applicator to the part are similar whether the material‬‬
‫‪.contains mostly solvents or mostly water‬‬
‫‪ATOMIZER SELECTION‬‬
‫‪Most coating material applicators break the material‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ‬
‫‪up into fine droplets or particles, which are then‬‬
‫ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪.carried through the air to the part being coated‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ‬
‫‪The process of breaking up the material is called‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻤﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ‬
‫‪atomization, and the equipment that does the‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.atomization is called an atomizer‬‬
‫‪Typical atomizers are air spray guns, rotary‬‬
‫‪atomizers, and disks. None of these is “best” for all‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫‪.waterborne applications‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺩﯾﺴﮏ ﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ "ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ" ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﻤﻪ‬
‫‪Instead, the shape of the part being coated, the‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫‪coverage required, and the production rate‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫‪determine the best atomizer for a particular‬‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫‪application using waterbornes, just as they do with‬‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬
‫‪.solvent-based materials‬‬
‫‪To illustrate the importance of part configuration on‬‬
‫‪atomizer selection, consider a simple box-like part,‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬
‫‪open on one end, requiring paint on both the inside‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪and outside surfaces. The outside of the box might‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧﯽ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬
‫‪best be painted with a soft spray using electrostatics‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪to get good part coverage, high transfer efficiency‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻ )‪ ،(TE‬ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪.(TE), and good wrap‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺧﻮﺏ‪.‬ﯾﮏ ﺍﺗﻤﯿﺰﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫‪A rotary atomizer with electrostatics would be a‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.good choice for the outside of the box‬‬
‫‪The rotary atomizer and electrostatics would be a‬‬
‫‪poor choice, however, for‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﯾﮏ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ‪the inside of the same box because the Faraday cage‬‬
‫‪effect caused by the electrostatics and the walls of‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻓﺎﺭﺍﺩﯼ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪the box would actually keep most of the paint out of‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻭ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻧﮕﻪ‬
‫‪.the box‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺑﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ‪A better choice for the inside of the box would be an‬‬
‫‪airless spray atomizer. Airless spray uses the‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬
‫‪momentum of the paint particles to get the paint to‬‬
‫‪.the part, rather than electrostatic attraction‬‬
‫‪The point is that a manufacturer who has spent a lot‬‬
 of time perfecting the
‫ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺑﮑﺎﺭﯼ‬
coating application process for solvent-based ‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬  material should stick with that process when ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ‬

,converting to waterbornes ‫ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ‬،‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻭ ﺍﭘﻠﯿﮑﺸﻦ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬  .‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‬TE ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺏ‬
if the latest technology and good equipment are
‫ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ .already in place and good TE is being obtained

Sometimes a particular waterborne coating

formulation may need to be
‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
.modified slightly to accommodate the atomizer
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ‬
For example, an emulsion ‫ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﯿﻮﻥ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬،‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﮔﺮﯾﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ‬
may tend to separate when subjected to severe
.centrifugal force on a spinning rotary atomizer cup

Does this mean that you don’t have to change

anything in order to convert
‫ﺁﯾﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬
?to waterbornes ‫ ﺍﯾﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬،‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﯾﺪ ﻧﻪ‬

No, it doesn’t. Even though the basic application ‫ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﻧﮑﻨﺪ‬

process may not change, some of the specific .‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

pieces of equipment used for that process may not ‫ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻡ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬.‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

be suitable for waterborne materials. Metal parts ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺸﺖ‬

.may corrode. Seals may swell or leak

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬

Waterbornes rust plain steel and in some cases Waterbornes

attack aluminum. Even stainless-steel parts can be ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺣﺘﯽ‬

damaged by some formulations. For example, 400 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ‬

series stainless steel can dissolve over time in ‫ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬.‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

.contact with a highly acidic formulation
On the other hand, parts made from 316 stainless
.steel hold up well with most waterbornes
‫ ﺳﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﯿﺪﯼ‬400
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬316 ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬،‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺍﻧﺪ‬

This means that at least some of the application

equipment will need to be

replaced when a system is converted to ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

.waterbornes ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ‬

Piston pumps made of plain or alloy steel have to
be replaced with pumps made of stainless steel.
Pipes and distribution systems need to be made of
corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless
.steel
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺁﻟﯿﺎﮊﯼ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

Atomizers should contain only stainless steel or

plastic wetted parts. Parts made from aluminum will
‫ﺍﺗﻤﯿﺰﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
perform satisfactorily for some waterborne
‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
materials, but will corrode quickly in contact with
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﺭﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.others
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ‬
Some waterborne formulations can even become .‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ "ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﯼ" ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.“explosive” in contact with aluminum

Seals in atomizers and pumps need to be changed if

they are not compatible
‫ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
.with the waterborne material
‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻡ‬
There is no single best seal material for ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
.waterbornes because the formulations vary so much ‫ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺏ‬
In some cases, the seals in equipment used for
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ‬Buna-N ،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
solvent-based coating materials are also suitable for
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ‬
waterbornes. For example, Buna-N is suitable for
‫ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
some solvent-based paints and is also a good
.choice for many waterbornes

One caution about reusing equipment from a solvent-

based coating operation for waterbornes, a ‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﯿﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ‬
surprising amount of “dirt” from the old coating ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺍﺯ "ﺧﺎﮎ" ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ‬
material can turn up in the new coating material after ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬
the conversion to waterbornes. A few filters in the ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﯽ‬
fluid lines can prevent a lot of downtime due to .‫ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
.plugged nozzles and orifices

As with the coating application process and most of

the equipment, the physical plant does not ‫ ﮔﯿﺎﻩ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬،‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬
necessarily need to change in order to convert to ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
.waterbornes

Often the formulation of the waterborne material can

be tweaked a little to accommodate the facility. For ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
example, the drying time for a waterborne primer may‫ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺸﮏ‬،‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ‬
need to be adjusted for the time available before the ‫ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻏﺎﺯﮔﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
.color coat is applied

The TE can drop after converting to waterbornes TE

even though the application process is the same and ‫ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬،‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
much of the equipment is unchanged. This is ‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
especially true if the application process includes ‫ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯿﮕﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
.atomizing the material .‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
ELECTROSTATICS

All spray guns and centrifugal applicators, like

rotaries and disks, atomize the coating materials ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺍﭘﻠﯿﮑﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

and propel the atomized particles toward the part ‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﻤﯽ ﺭﺍ‬،‫ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﯾﺴﮏ ﻫﺎ‬

.being coated ‫ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﺭﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺪﻑ‬،‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
With these devices, all the particles that are not ‫ ﺯﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ‬.‫ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬
aimed directly at the part will miss it and be wasted.
‫ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬TE ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﻭ‬
The waste can be minimized and TE improved if the ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﺐ‬
atomized coating material is given an electrical ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
charge that is opposite in polarity to the charge on
.the part being coated

Opposite electrical charges attract and some of the

material that would miss the part entirely instead
.gets drawn to it by the electrical forces
The technique is called electrostatics and has been
used for years by painters and coating applicators to
.improve the TE of their operations
‫ﺍﺗﻬﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﻀﺎﺩ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬،‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺼﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
.‫ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ‬TE ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬

Until recently, most coating materials were solvent

based and did not conduct electricity readily. This ‫ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
made it easy to use electrostatics with these ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‬
materials by simply placing a high-voltage electrode ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ‬
in the coating material at the atomizer nozzle. The ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﯽ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺗﻤﯿﺰﻩ‬
coating material picks up a static charge of .‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬
.electricity as it is atomized

Waterborne coating materials conduct electricity

much more readily than solvent-based materials,
however, and the electrical charge drains off down ‫ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
.the paint hoses ‫ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻧﮓ‬،‫ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬،‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯽ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
None of the charge gets into the particles of
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‬،‫ﺍﺗﻤﯽ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
atomized coating material, so there is no
TE ،‫ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
electrostatic attraction between the particles and the
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬
part being coated. Without electrostatics, TE drops
.to unacceptably low levels

The challenge in converting to waterbornes is getting

comparable TE with these conductive materials as
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ‬TE ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬
with the nonconductive solvent-based materials they
.‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.replace

This means finding a way to get the electrostatic

voltage into the atomized particles rather than letting
it drain away through hoses and equipment made
.conductive by the waterborne coating material
Any equipment that contacts an electrical ground,
such as a pipe or a damp concrete floor, provides an
.electrical pathway that drains off the electrostatics
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﯿﻠﻨﮓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﻤﯽ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻒ‬،‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬
‫ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬
.‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

This means that the electrostatics won’t work in a

waterborne system unless all the wetted equipment ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

is ‫ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.isolated from potential grounds

SYSTEM ISOLATION

Waterborne systems are commonly isolated in one
of three ways. (1) Complete isolation of all
equipment that contacts wet coating material. (2)
Isolation of the charging electrode from the wet
coating material. (3) Isolation of only the atomizer
and its feed hose by using a voltage blocking device.
.Each method has advantages and disadvantages
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮑﯽ‬Waterborne ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺰﻭﻟﻪﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫( ﺍﻧﺰﻭﺍ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬1) .‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫( ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬2) .‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ‬
‫( ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ‬3) .‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎ ﻭ‬.‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
.‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

Complete Isolation

The advantage of completely isolating the entire ‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
application system is that the ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬TE ‫ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺁﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
coating material can be directly charged with
‫ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ‬TE .‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
.electrostatic voltage
،‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﯾﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
If isolation is successful, the resulting TE will be the ‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻬﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻂ‬
highest possible for the specific application. The .‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
exact TE that can be achieved in a specific
application depends on the part geometry, line
speed, application equipment, and other factors, the
same

.as it would with a solvent-based coating material

To isolate a complete waterborne system, every

،‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬،‫ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬
pump, tank, pipe, atomizer, or other piece of
equipment that sees wet coating material must be ‫ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ‬

set on a plastic table or hung from a plastic rod or ‫ﺑﯿﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺰ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬

.stuffed in a plastic pipe sleeve .‫ﺁﻭﯾﺰﺍﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺁﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

Suitable common and inexpensive plastic materials
for this purpose include polyvinyl chloride ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺭﺍﯾﺞ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﯽ ﻭﯼ ﺳﯽ‬
‫ ﻭ‬،‫ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﯾﻠﻮﻥ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﯽ ﺍﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻠﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﯿﻠﻦ ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ‬،(PVC) ‫ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ‬
PVC), polyethylene, and polypropylene. Teflon, some)
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ﺩﻟﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
nylons, and Delrin are also good isolation materials
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
for high voltage, but are relatively expensive

Dry air is one of the best isolation materials. A 12-in.

‫ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺷﮑﺎﻑ ﻫﻮﺍ‬12 .‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﺸﮏ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺰﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
air gap will isolate equipment charged with
،‫ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
electrostatic voltage, except in cases of extreme
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬
.humidity

Air has some advantages over plastic as an isolator
for an electrostatic system. A paint spill down a
plastic table leg can make it conductive. Humidity in
a thick coating of dust on a plastic pipe can make it
conductive. The disadvantage of air as an isolator is
that it is an easily penetrated barrier between a
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬.‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﯼ ﻣﯿﺰ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ‬.‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

charged part and a grounded part — too easily ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻭ‬

penetrated by personnel or by loose hoses or other ‫ﯾﮏ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻞ‬

.equipment .‫ﯾﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

Unfortunately, it’s almost impossible to design an

‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬
isolated system that won’t
‫ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ‬
accidentally ground out, and a system that grounds .‫ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
out is less efficient. In

one case, for example, an 18-in. long, hollow PVC

‫ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﺎﮐﺖ‬،‫ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ‬.‫ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬18 ،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
table leg provided a direct path to ground because it
‫ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﭘﯽ ﻭﯼ ﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
was set on a concrete floor and humidity from the
‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
concrete made the inside of the leg conductive. That
‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ‬.‫ﭘﻠﮑﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
particular short took a full week of troubleshooting
.‫ﻋﯿﺐ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‬
.to find and correct

Besides being inefficient, isolated systems can be

‫ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ‬،‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ‬
dangerous because they can store too much
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
electrical energy. All the equipment that gets wetted
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﯿﺲ‬
with electrically charged coating material stores
.‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻏﻮﻝ ﭘﯿﮑﺮ‬،‫ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﯿﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
.electrical energy, much like a giant capacitor

All that stored energy gets discharged if the system

.gets shorted out
If the system is big enough, and stores enough
electrical energy, an operator can get injured by
shorting it out accidentally by touching a charged
.hose or atomizer
‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬.‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﯾﮏ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﯾﺎ‬
.‫ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

It is impossible to draw a definite line that says, “A

,system this small is safe ‫ "ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬:‫ﻧﻤﯿﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

and a system that big is dangerous.” Trying to define ‫ " ﺗﻼﺵ‬.‫ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﯾﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

a safe electrical shock is like trying to define a safe ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻮﮎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﯾﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﯾﮏ‬

.height from which to fall .‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﯾﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

For example, a shock itself might only be annoying, ‫ ﺍﻣﺎ‬،‫ ﺷﻮﮎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

but the victim might be so startled by it that it results ‫ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎ ﺍﻣﯿﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﯾﮏ‬
in a bump on the head or an injury in some other .‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

.way

Although a safe system, with regard to storage of

electrical energy, may be a contradiction in terms, ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
some guidance regarding the size of a “probably ‫ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.unsafe” system would be useful .‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

Unfortunately, no regulations directly applicable to ‫ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬
electrically charged waterborne systems are .‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
available

By making some assumptions about the meager

،‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
,data that is published
‫ ﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬100،000 / 70،000 ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ‬
extrapolating to the 70,000\100,000 V range used for ‫ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬،‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬
electrostatics, and plugging the resulting voltage and ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ‬Capacitance
capacitance values into the standard equation for ،‫ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ‬
storing electrical energy in a capacitor, the following
:‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬
:can be developed

Maximum\Energy = 3.5 Joules = CV2 Maximum\Energy = 3.5 Joules = CV2

(where C=Capacitance (farads (where C=Capacitance (farads

Rearranging: CMAX =7/V2 Rearranging: CMAX =7/V2

where the voltage is the maximum available from the

.power pack
This equation can be used as an indicator of the
potential for a given isolated system to pose a
serious shock hazard. The capacitance of the
system, as measured with a capacitance bridge or a
suitable capacitance meter, must be less
‫ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮑﯿﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺷﻮﮎ ﺟﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻞ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬،‫ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬.‫ﮐﺮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

than the value of CMAX if there is a possibility of
accidental human contact, which could result in an
.electrical shock
For example, if a 100,000-V electrostatic paint system
has a capacitance G700 Pico farads, caging and
interlocks should be considered for operator
.protection
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬CMAX ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﮎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺍﮔﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺁﻣﯿﺰﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬G700 ‫ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﭘﯿﮑﻮ ﻓﺎﺭﺍﺩ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ‬V-100،000
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
For comparison purposes, a single 55-gal. drum and
200 ft of 3/8-in. inner
diameter hose, all set 12 in. above a ground, can have
.between 450 and 900 picofarads of capacitance
This means that a typical paint system, which has
much more hardware, would almost certainly exceed
the maximum capacitance value and could store
.potentially dangerous levels of electrical energy
The storage of electrical energy can be reduced by
lowering the electrostatic voltage. The voltage term
is squared in the equation for energy storage in a
.capacitor
This means that a given system at 100,000 V will store
.four times the energy that it would at 50,000 V
At the lower voltage, not only will the system be
safer, but guns and cables will last much longer
before breaking down electrically. Perhaps an even
more compelling reason for lowering the voltage is
.to maximize TE
The maximum TE for most waterborne coating
.materials occurs between 40,000 and 60,000 V
By comparison, the maximum TE for a less
conductive solvent-based material can be 90,000 V or
more. Handguns present a special problem when a
coating application system is converted from
.solvent-based materials to waterbornes
An isolated electrostatic system for waterbornes
can have multiple automatic atomizers or it can have
.a single handgun
It cannot have both, nor can it have more than one
handgun. National Fire Prevention Association
(NFPA) regulations dictate that the electrostatic
voltage to any handgun must turn off when the
.trigger is released
Since all the atomizers in a waterborne system are
connected electrically by their fluid hoses, the
voltage remains “on” to an idle handgun as long as it
.is “on” to any atomizer in the system
This means that a handgun cannot be used with
electrostatics if there are other atomizers in the
system, and without electrostatics it is impossible
to achieve the maximum TE
To summarize, completely isolated systems have
the potential to allow the
maximum TE for a given application because they
allow the coating material 2 0 0 to be directly charged
.with electrostatics
In practice, that potential is rarely achieved unless
the application system is very small because it is
.difficult to keep the electrostatic charge isolated
Fully isolated systems can store too much electrical
.energy and become dangerous
To prevent operator injury, such systems need to be
caged and equipped with interlocks to prevent
access while the system is operating. Unfortunately,
this means that even minor maintenance to the
equipment is impossible while any part of the
system is operating at high voltage because all the
equipment is
electrically connected by the fluid hoses. This is
also why only one handgun can be permitted in a
.completely isolated system
Indirect Charging
Indirect charging avoids many of the problems of
completely isolated systems, but at a price. Indirect
charging systems charge the coating material
between the nozzle of the atomizer and the part,
.rather than at the atomizer
This is done by placing the high-voltage electrode in
the air stream near the nozzle but not in direct
contact. The coating material particles pick up a
charge after they leave the
.atomizer
Because the high voltage never directly contacts the
application equipment, there is no opportunity for the
.charge to drain away down paint hoses
On the other hand, any charge inadvertently imparted
to the application system drains away harmlessly to
ground because the system is not isolated from
.ground
.‫ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬3/8 ‫ ﻓﻮﺕ‬200 ‫ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻭ‬.‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬gal-55 ‫ ﯾﮏ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬12 ‫ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬،‫ﺩﺭﻭﻧﯽ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
.‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬900 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬450 ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ‬
.‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬
‫ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
.‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
V 100000 ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‬50،000 ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‬،‫ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺎ ﻦ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
60،000 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬40،000 ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻦ‬TE ‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬TE ‫ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬،‫ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﯽ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬V
‫ ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬V 90،000 ‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
.‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ‬.‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﯾﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﯼ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫( ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ‬NFPA)
‫ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺒﻪ‬
‫ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬،‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﯽ‬
.‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬
TE
‫ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬TE ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ‬200 ‫ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺁﯾﺪ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ‬
.‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻔﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬.‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺘﯽ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬.‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬.‫ ﺟﺰ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬،‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
.‫ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ‬،‫ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ‬
‫ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮎ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﯼ‬
‫ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻧﮕﯽ‬،‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬،‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯽ ﺿﺮﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ‬،‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ‬.‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
In fact these systems can, and should, be ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬

intentionally grounded to prevent storage of ‫ﻋﻤﺪﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

.electrical energy

There is little capacitive storage of electrical energy

in an indirect charged ‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻏﯿﺮ‬

electrostatic system so any electrical hazard is ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

.greatly reduced ‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻔﻞ‬.‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬

This means that safety caging and interlocks can be
.less intrusive, or eliminated completely
With handguns no longer connected electrically by
their hoses, there is no need to limit the number of
.handguns in a particular application system
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬
‫ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

Several coating application equipment

‫ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ‬،‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬
manufacturers offer atomizers specially designed for
‫ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
.indirect charging

These devices position the electrostatic electrode

away from the coating material stream so that there
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
is no direct electrical contact between the
application equipment and components charged with ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ‬

.high voltage .‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬
Some conventional atomizers can also be retrofit
‫ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬
with indirect charging apparatus, making the ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
conversion to waterbornes easy and relatively
.inexpensive

The downside of indirect charging is lower than

optimum TE. Indirect charging does improve TE over
‫ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬.‫ ﺍﺳﺖ‬TE ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
comparable non-electrostatic systems.
‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ‬TE ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬
Unfortunately, tests prove that the TE with indirect
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻏﯿﺮ‬TE ‫ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬
charging is less than the TE that can be achieved by
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ‬TE ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
direct charging in any given application — that
‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﭘﻠﯿﮑﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬.‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
,means using the same applicators
.‫ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ‬،‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﻫﺎ‬
.coating material, part shape, etc

The difference can be considerable, up to 40%

improvement in TE in extreme
cases. Even the best indirect charged systems rarely
achieve TEs within 10 percentage points of what is
possible for the same application but using direct
.charging for the electrostatics
‫ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬TE ‫ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬٪40 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬10 ‫ ﺩﺭ‬TEs
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ‬
.‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ‬

To maximize TE, the coating material should be

directly charged with electrostatic voltage, but to
‫ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ‬،TE ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ‬
minimize shock hazards and operational problems,
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ‬،‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
the size of the charged parts of the system should
‫ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬،‫ﺷﻮﮎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬
be minimized. This can be achieved by using a
‫ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬.‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
voltage block at each atomizer. Each atomizer then
.‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬atomizer
becomes a miniisolated
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
system with no electrical connection to any other .‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
.atomizer in the system

Voltage Blocks

‫ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬

Voltage blocks are devices that allow coating ‫ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬
material to pass through to the ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

atomizer but prevent voltage from leaking back the .‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬
.other way
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
They allow coating material to flow from the .‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
.grounded pumps or kitchen to charged atomizers

This means that the hardware in the pump house and

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﯽ‬
distribution system can be virtually the same as for a
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻠﯽ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﯾﺎ‬
conventional solvent-based system, or for an indirect
.charged waterborne system .‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬

Since the primary advantage of voltage block

technology is that it limits the amount of hardware at
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
high voltage, it is important to install these devices
‫ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬،‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
.as close to the atomizer as possible
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬atomizer ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ‬
The connecting hoses between the voltage block and ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
the atomizer are at high voltage, so keeping them
‫ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
short minimizes both the capacitance and the
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.opportunity for accidental grounding
‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
A voltage block for one atomizer is compact, ‫ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﯾﮏ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬
requiring about as much space as a small electrical ‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ‬،‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﺣﺘﯿﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
control box, so it can be mounted inside the spray or ‫ﯾﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ‬
.ventilation booth close to the atomizer

The mini-isolated systems created by voltage blocks

do not have the problems found in large isolated
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
systems because less hardware is charged with
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺎ‬
electrical energy. Capacitance is greatly reduced,
‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬.‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
.making the system inherently safer
‫ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ‬.‫ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺫﺍﺗﯽ ﺍﯾﻤﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
Safer systems mean easier access to the inside of .‫ﺍﻣﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮐﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
the spray booths. Often a simple guard rail and ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ‬
warning sign can replace elaborate caging and .‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‬
.interlocks
Voltage
leakage problems are minimized, since only the
atomizer and a short hose are
charged, making it easy to keep the TEs up to a high
.level
By isolating atomizers from each other, mini-isolated
.systems have some unexpected advantages
First, the NFPA limitation concerning handguns no
.longer applies
Each handgun is independently isolated from every
other handgun so the voltage to idled guns can be
”.turned “off
In fact, spraying waterbornes with a handgun and
voltage block can be easier than spraying the old
.solvent-based material with the handgun
Solvent-based material is charged at the gun barrel
.so a high-voltage cable to the gun is required
Since waterborne coating material conducts
electricity, however, it can be directly charged at the
voltage block and the cable to the gun can be
.eliminated
With the cable gone, the gun feels lighter and the
.hose bundle flexes more easily
Even automatic atomizers, such as rotaries or disks,
require less maintenance if the coating material is
charged at the voltage block rather than at the
atomizer, as it was when spraying solvent-based
.material
This is because the high-voltage cables last longer
when they don’t get flexed over and over by the
.motion of the gun mover or robot
A second unexpected advantage of making each
atomizer into a mini-isolated system is that every
atomizer can operate at a different voltage, or at zero
.voltage, as desired
For example, in-plant experience might show that the
rotary atomizers in a paint line run best at 60,000 V,
but the handguns perform better at 45,000 V. With
voltage blocks, the handguns and the rotary
atomizers can run at different voltages, yet all can be
.supplied from a common paint distribution system
Finally, in an application system for waterbornes and
,using voltage blocks
any atomizer in the system can be shut down and
repaired or changed out, even though the other
atomizers are operating at high voltage. The ease of
access to production application equipment is
comparable between a voltage-blocked waterborne
system and the solvent-based coating material
.system it replaces
CONCLUSION
An often-unstated goal when converting a coating
application system to waterbornes is to disrupt “the
way it’s done now” as little as possible, particularly if
the existing system has good equipment and is
.performing well
That goal is not out of reach because the existing
process, and much of the existing equipment, can
.often be used for waterbornes
Usually only the atomizers will need to be modified
for waterbornes, or replaced with atomizers
specifically designed to handle waterborne
.materials
The remaining equipment and distribution system
can be reused unless made of materials that will
corrode in waterbornes or be damaged by exposure
.to them
Well-engineered conversions from solvent-based
coating materials to waterbornes result in the
highest possible operating efficiency at low cost and
.with maximum operator safety
The operating cost, in terms of TE, should be about
the same as that of a good solvent-based paint
.system
To get high TE, electrostatics must operate at peak
efficiency. This means directly charging the material
with electrostatic voltage, but limiting the hardware
.that gets charged
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻭ‬،‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ‬TE ‫ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ‬NFPA ‫ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩ ﺍﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ‬،‫ﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺸﮑﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ‬.‫ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ‬،‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮐﺮﺩ‬
‫ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻞ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺩﯾﺴﮏ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺟﺎﯼ‬،‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
.‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﯾﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﯿﺰﺭ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺍﺳﺖ‬V 60،000 ‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﺭﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ‬.‫ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬V 45،000 ‫ﺯﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﺗﻔﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﯽ ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ‬،‫ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ‬،‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻐ ﺮ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺑﮕﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
.‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ "ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﺷﻮﺩ" ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬،‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬
.‫ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺁﺏ‬
.‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ‬،‫ﮐﺮﺩ‬
.‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬
،‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬،TE ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬،‫ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬.‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
،‫ ﺑﺎﻻ‬TE ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬.‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬..‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺍﻣﺎ‬،‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫‪Voltage-blocking devices confine high electrostatic‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﯼ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽ‬
‫‪voltage to only the atomizer and hoses to the‬‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪atomizer. This means that the rest of the coating‬‬
‫‪material application system can be the same or‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪similar to the system before the conversion is made‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪The electrostatics will still operate at high efficiency‬‬
‫‪because the coating material can be directly charged‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫‪so the TE will be comparable before and‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ‪ TE‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ‬
‫‪.after conversion‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Because system capacitance, or the capacity to‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬
‫’”‪store electrical energy, can be controlled to “safe‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ "ﺍﯾﻤﻦ" ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪levels, safety issues with the converted systems are‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪not prohibitive‬‬

‫‪In other words, a voltage-blocked waterborne system‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪is as close as possible to the solvent-based material‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪system it replaces with a coating material that‬‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫‪.conducts electricity‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪To summarize, here is how to convert an application‬‬

‫‪system from solvent-based coating materials to‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪:waterbornes‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ )‪Reuse the existing process and hardware if it is up (1‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ‪to date and performing well for the existing solvent-‬‬
‫‪based system. Change components where materials‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.are not compatible with waterbornes‬‬

‫)‪Turn each atomizer into a mini-isolated system (2‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﯿﻠﻨﮓ‬
‫‪by installing a voltage block in the coating material‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫‪hose, as close to the atomizer as possible. Directly‬‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.charge the material for maximum TE‬‬

‫)‪Lower the voltage to maximize TE, extend (3‬‬ ‫‪.3‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ‪ ،TE‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ‬
‫‪.equipment life, and reduce shock hazard‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺷﻮﮎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‬

‫)‪Take advantage of the fact that waterbornes (4‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﻬﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪conduct electricity. Remove the electrostatic cables‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻠﺤﻪ ‪from the atomizers and charge at the voltage blocks.‬‬
‫‪.Cables will last longer and the guns will move easier‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺟﻼﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺷﯿﺎ‬

‫ﺗﯿﺮ ‪9 7‬‬

‫‪ :Tags‬ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﺏ‪ ,‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﺑﯽ‪ ,‬ﺍﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﺑﯽ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯼ‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪M. Sc. MK‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ph. D. student, Physical chemistry‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﯼ ﺩﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ‬
‫‪Zanjan state university- Zanjan, Iran‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪1. M. Sc., Physical chemistry‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ‬
‫‪Zanjan state university- Zanjan, Iran‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪A. B. Sc., Pure chemistry‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺤﺾ‬
‫‪Imam Komeini international university,‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ‪-‬ﻗﺰﻭﯾﻦ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪Qazvin, Iran‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬

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‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻼﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺷﯿﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺫﮐﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬