1.

a.
b. The Steady State Value = K*Vin = 4*1.2 = 4.80.

And 63.2% of the Steady State Value is = 3.033.

At 3.033 Steady State Value, we have a time of 0.05sec which is 50ms. This proves that this is equal
to tau.
 −t
c. v=V 1−e
f
( ) then plug∈ v ( t )=0.632 V
τ
f
−t
0.632 V =V (1−e )
f f
τ

−t
0.632=( 1−e ) τ

−t
0.632=( 1−e ) τ

−t
τ
−0.368=−e
−t
τ
0.368=e
−t
ln ⁡(0.368)=ln ⁡(e τ )
−t
−1=
τ
τ =t
This shows that the time constant is found at 63.2% of the final time value.

d.

2. This demonstrates experimental errors from noise and measurement uncertainties as

well as some system nonlinearities.
3.

4.