Eng 7 Q1 Modules - 1 7 As of June 16 2020

English
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Simple Analogy
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Simple Analogy
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writer:
Marc O. Climaco - Hanawan National High School
Editors:
1. Gilda A. Castañeda – Dalipay High School
2. Gemma A. Realo – Don Mariano C. Veneracion National High School
Reviewer:
Preciosa R. Dela Vega, EPS - English, SDO Camarines Sur
Illustrators and Layout Artists:

1. Edmark M. Pado – Cabugao Elementary School
2. Mary Jane S. San Agustin – Fundado Elementary School
Lesson
Simple Analogy
1
In this lesson, you will learn how to complete simple analogy. To do that, you
have to study the relationship between words to find a connection. So be ready to
improve your vocabulary. Read and understand quickly, and think creatively!
Learning Target
This module focuses on the following objective:

 supply words and/or expressions that complete an analogy
Vocabulary List
Be sure to remember this important word in the lesson:
 Analogy - a comparison between two things on the basis of their

structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Warming Up
Complete the following statements. Write the letter of the answer.
1. Cup is to lips as bird is to ___________.

a. bush b. grass c. forest d. beak
2. Flow is to river as stagnant is to____________.

a. rain b. sea c. falls d. pool
3. Paw is to cat as hoof is to _________.

a. dog b. cat c. bird d. horse
4. Ornithologist is to bird as meteorologist is to ____________.

a. volcano b. weather c. fish d. plants
5. Peacock is to India as Monkey Eating Eagle is to ____________.

a. Australia b. America c. Russia d. Philippines
1
Learning About It
You have read that an analogy is a comparison between two things, and the
comparison is used to determine the relationship between different sets of things.
Look at the following examples:
Take note
Longer version Shortened version
that an
city is to country, as planet city : country :: planet :
analogy can
is to solar system solar system be written in
two ways!
1. minute : hour :: petal : flower Relationship: part to whole

"An hour is comprised of minutes, just like a flower is comprised of petals."
2. fork : eat :: pencil : write Relationship: object to function

"You use a fork to eat, just like you use a pencil to write."
3. glasses : read :: crutches : walk Relationship: object to function

"Glasses can help you read, just like crutches can help you walk."
Other relationships/types of analogy: (Source: https://bit.ly/2YDJ1cD)
1. Synonym
(happy : joyful :: sad : depressed)
2. Antonym
(inflation : deflation :: frail : strong)
3. Characteristic
(tropical : hot :: polar : cold)
4. Part/Whole
(finger : hand :: petal : flower)
5. Degree
(mist : fog :: drizzle : tropical storm)
6. Type
(golden retriever : dog :: salmon : fish)
7. Tool/Worker
(pen : writer :: voice : singer)
8. Action/Object
(fly : airplane :: drive : car)
9. Item/Purpose
(knife : cut :: ruler : measure)
10. Worker/Product
(poet : poem :: baker :pie)
2
Here are more examples:
Types of Analogies
Part to whole battery : flashlight :: hard drive : computer
Cause and effect fatigue : yawning :: itching : scratching
Person to situation mother : home :: teacher : school
Synonym obese : fat :: slender : skin
Antonym poverty : wealth :: sickness : health
Geography Chicago : Illinois :: Denver: Colorado
Measurement pound : kilogram :: quart : liter
Time March : spring :: December : winter
Keeping You in Practice
Task 1. Supply the word which will make each expression a complete analogy.
1. On is to off, as start is to_______.

a. above b. begin c. stop d. jump
2. Nail is to finger, as hair is to ______.

a. face b. head c. back d. arms
3. Eye is to see, as ear is to_____.

a. touch b. smell c. hear d. taste
4. Fast is to deer, as slow is to ______.

a. turtle b. ostrich c. rabbit d. eagle
5. Wool is to sheep, as egg is to ______.

a. chicken b. cat c. dog d. pig
6. Near is to far, as open is to _____.

a. field b. eyes c. closed d. blank
7. Umpire is to baseball, as referee is to ____.

a. music b. basketball c. shop d. party
8. Bird is to fly, as frog is to ____.
a. smile b. hop c. sing d. eat
9. Sister is to girl, as brother is to ____.

a. family b. boy c. doctor d. school
10. Wolf is to pack, as fish is to ____.

a. school b. sea c. kilo d. market
3
Task 2. Supply a word to each number to complete the analogy.
1. fur : dog :: leaf:_____
2. chicken : farm :: lion:_______
3. driver : bus :: teacher:_______
4. warm : cold :: inside:_____
5. pen : writer :: wheelbarrow:________
6. red : tomato :: yellow: ________
7. nose : smell : tongue: _______
8. bird : chirp :: cow: ______
9. bed : sleeping :: chair: _____
10. chihuahua : dog :: eagle: _____
Task 3. Choose a pair of words that best expresses a relationship similar to that
of the original pair. Write the letter of the best answer.
1. teacher : educate :: ______ :______

a. senator : represent
b. lawyer : sing
c. coach : sleep
d. priest : count
2. mother : female :: ______ :______

a. vegetable : expensive
b. snake : dangerous
c. rock : hard
d. tree : old
3. helicopter : sky :: ______ :______

a. boat : street
b. truck : river
c. motorcycle : bus
d. submarine : water
4. nice : unkind :: ______ :______

a. ugly : pretty
b. safe : solid
c. loud : noisy
d. terrible : awful
5. television : watched :: _____ :______

a. record : baked
b. newspaper : cooked
c. book : read
d. comic : laughed
6. carrot : vegetable ::______ :______

a. doll : house
b. electric fan : heat
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c. shoes : adidas
d. mango : fruit
7. futsal : field :: ______ :______

a. pingpong : table
b. sugar : kilo
c. husband : wife
d. white : yellow
8. ship : ocean ::______ :______

a. feather : many
b. food : delicious
c. bus : road
d. doctor : blood
9. tired : sleep ::______ :______

a. hamburger : fries
b. running : sports
c. ice cream : cold
d. hungry : eat
10. singer : sing :: ______ :______

a. actor : act
b. box : crayons
c. frogs : tadpole
d. sad : smile
Additional Tasks. Answer the following activities if you want additional challenge.
Otherwise, skip this part and go to “Cooling Down”.
A. Supply a word to each statement to complete the analogy..

1. Lizard is to reptile, as dog is to ______.
2. Knight is to sword, as writer is to ______.
3. Eagle is to wing, as goldfish is to ______.
4. Cap is to head, as shoe is to _______.
5. Chocolate is to sweet, as ampalaya is to _______.
6. Near is to far, as open is to _______.
7. Umpire is to baseball, as referee is to _______.
8. Bird is to fly, as frog is to _______.
9. Sister is to girl, as brother is to _______.
10. Wolf is to pack, as fish is to _______.
5
B. Match the analogy in Column A with the relationship in Column B. Write the
letter of the best answer.
Column A
Column B
1. platoon : soldier a. Synonyms or antonyms
2. hot : scalding b. Part to whole
3. starvation : binging c. Geography
4. gills : breathing d. Cause-effect (or effect to cause)
5. persuasive : convincing e. Degree (size or intensity)
6. Manila : Luzon f. Function/Use (Object/function)
7. battery : cellphone
8. poor : rich
9. quick : fast
10. sunlight : photosynthesis
C. Provide your own analogy based on the given pair of words. The first one is
done for you.
1. angry : mad
Answer: Since the relationship is synonym then provide one like silent : quiet
2. soccer : sport
3. battery : cellphone
4. poor : rich
5. quick : fast
6. sunlight : photosynthesis
7. guava : fruit
8. badminton : court
9. car : road
10. hungry : eat
11. artist : draw
6
Cooling Down
Choose the correct word to complete each analogy. Then, identify the
relationship expressed in each analogy.
1. Black is to white as love is to ________.
a. hate b. forgiveness c. boyfriend
Relationship: _____________________________________________
2. Pail : water :: ________ : blood
a. needle b. vein c. spoon
Relationship: _____________________________________________
3. Asia : ________ :: Europe : Italy
a. Taiwan b. Africa c. Hawaii
Relationship: _____________________________________________
4. Intimidate :________ :: smile : befriend
a. hungry b. exam c. scare
Relationship: _____________________________________________
5. Failure : success :: life : ________
a. anniversary b. death c. enjoy
Relationship: _____________________________________________
Learning Challenge
Look for a scenic spot in the Philippines. Study it and write descriptive
sentences using analogy. Bring the scenic spot that you used in doing this activity
when you report in the school.
Points to Ponder
Reflect on the difficulties you encountered in this lesson. How do you think
you can more easily complete a missing analogy? Also, how can analogy help
improve your vocabulary?
7
Answer Key
IV. Warming Up
1. d
2. d
3. d Optional Tasks
4. b A.
5. d 1. mammal
2. pen
VI. Keeping You In Practice 3. fin
4. foot
Task 1 5. bitter
1. c 6. closed
2. b 7. soccer/basketball
3. c 8. hop
4. a 9. man
5. a 10. school
6. c
7. b B.
8. b 1. B
9. b 2. E
10.a 3. A
4. F
Task 2 5. A
1. plant 6. C
2. forest/zoo 7. B
3. school 8. A
4. outside 9. A
5. gardener/carpenter 10. D
6. any yellow fruit like mango
7. taste C. Answers may vary.
8. moo
9. sitting VII. Cooling Down
10. bird 1. A. hate, antonym
2. B. vein, part to whole
Task 3 3. A. Taiwan, geography
1. a 4. C. scare, synonym
2. c 5. B. death, antonym
3. d
4. a
5. c VIII. Learning Challenge.
6. d Answers may vary.
7. a
8. c IX. Points to Ponder.
9. d Answers may vary.
10. a
8
English
Types of Viewing Materials
1
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Types of Viewing Materials

Writer:
Editors:
Reviewer:

2
Lesson
Types of Viewing Materials
2
If you are a TV buff, you know what kind of program you are watching and what
lessons in life can you get out of the program. In this lesson, you will learn how to
identify the genre of a material that you have watched or viewed.
Learning Target
 Identify the genre of a material viewed (as movie clip, trailer, news flash,
internet-based program, documentary, video etc.)
Vocabulary List
 Genre – type or form

 Material viewed - Any work that does not exist primarily as a written
text particularly if it relies on recently developed technologies like
movie clip, trailer, news flash, documentary, etc.
Warming Up
Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. Weather reports, headlines, and sportscasts are considered news.

2. Drama and comedy include reviewing and analyzing professional sports
events.
3. Music and dance programs can be live or pre-recorded.
4. Game shows are programs featuring games of skill and chance.
5. TV programs can have many different genres.
Learning About It
Do you know that TV programs are categorized into different types? Below are
some of the basic genres of TV Programs:
1
Television Program Categories
News
News covers newscasts, newsbreaks, and headlines. It
also includes programs reporting on local, regional, national,
and international events. Such programs may include
weather reports, sportscasts, community news, and other
related features or segments contained within "News
Programs."
Sports
Sports cover programs of live or live-to-tape sports events
and competitions, including coverage of professional and
amateur tournaments. The category also includes programs
reviewing and analyzing professional or amateur competitive
sports events/teams (i.e. pre- and post-game shows, magazine
shows, scripted sports, call-in and talk shows, etc.).
Drama and Comedy

Drama and comedy are entertainment productions of a
fictional nature, including dramatizations of real events. They
must be comprised primarily of (i.e. more than 50%) dramatic
performances.
Music and Dance

Music and dance programs comprise primarily
(i.e. more than 50%) of live or pre-recorded
performances of music and/or dance, including opera,
operetta, ballet, and musicals. The performance
portion excludes video clips, voice-overs or musical
performances used as background.
2
Game Shows
Game shows are programs that feature games of skill
and chance as well as quizzes.
General Entertainment and Human Interest
General
entertainment and human interest programs
primarily focus on the world of entertainment
and its people. These programs include
celebrity profiles that may use promotional
footage, talk or interview shows, award
shows, galas and tributes. They also include
entertainment-oriented magazine shows;
fund-raising shows which include entertainers (i.e. telethons); human interest
programs consisting of live or live-to-tape footage without significant portions
devoted to in-depth analysis or interpretation; and coverage of community events
such as carnivals, festivals, parades and fashion shows.
Now, you will watch a TV program about the traditional Filipino foods. This will
be so entertaining!
The video is titled Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho: Pope Francis' favorite food.
To watch the video, you need to open your web browser in the computer or cellphone
and type the following URL: https://bit.ly/2W0i29D. You can also ask help from your
teacher to play the video in the classroom. Be sure to take note of details as you
watch so that you can answer the practice tasks correctly!

Answer the following tasks.
Task 1A. Are the following foods shown in the video? Write YES or NO.
1. Leche Flan
2. Alfajor
3. Asado
4. Choripan
5. Ice-cream
Task 1B. Answer the following questions.

6. What is the program about?
3
7. What are the food items shown in the program?
8. What book did David Geisser write?
Task 2A. Play the video again and look for the part where the chef demonstrated
the steps in cooking empanada. Arrange the following steps in order.
Write 1-7.
____ Fry until golden brown then serve.

____ Sauté the onion.
____ Melt the butter in the pan.
____ Add the ground beef together with the other ingredients.
____ Wrap the filling/mixture in dough.
____ Add the seasoning.
____ Set aside to cool it off.
Task 2B. Below is the sequence of topics shown in the whole video. Arrange
them in order. Write 1-5.
____ It was revealed in the book Buon Appetito that Pope Francis liked
Empanada, Colita De Cuadril and Dulce De Leche the most.
____ The ingredients and recipe for Dulce de Leche was mentioned.
____ La Cabrera, an Argentinian Restaurant, was featured.
____ Pope Francis was shown visiting the Philippines
____ Chef Juan Barcos demonstrated how to make Empanada.
Task 2C. Answer the following question. Refer to the different types of TV
program in Learning About It.
What genre of TV program does the Kapuso Mo: Jessica Soho belong? Explain
your answer?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Task 3. Identify the genre of the following TV programs. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1. UAAP
a. News b. Sports c. Drama/Comedy d. Music and Dance
2. Minute to Win It
a. News b. Sports c. Music and Dance d. Game shows
3. Rated K
a. Music and Dance b. Game shows c. Sports
d. General Entertainment and Human Interest
4
4. GMA Flash Report
a. General Entertainment and Human Interest b. News
c. Drama/Comedy d. Music and Dance
5. ASAP/Sunday Pinasaya
c. Drama/Comedy d. Music and Dance
6. Umagang Kay Ganda
7. Philippine Basketball Association
8. Maalala Mo Kaya
c. Drama d. Music and Dance
9. Banana Sundae
a. News b. Sports c. Comedy d. Music and Dance
10. Encantadia
c. Drama d. Music and Dance
Cooling Down
A. Identify the genre of the following TV programs. Explain your answer.

1. I-Witness
2. Minute to Win It
3. Rated K
4. GMA Flash Report
5. ASAP/Sunday Pinasaya
B. Identify which TV show does NOT belong to the group. Explain your answer.
1. Wansapanataym, Wowowin, Kwento ni Lola Basyang, Going Bulilit
________________________________________________________________
2. Dear Uge, It's Showtime, Pepito Manaloto, Bubble Gang

________________________________________________________________
3. 24 Oras, La Luna Sangre, ABS CBN Global News, TV Patrol

________________________________________________________________
5
4. Reporter's Notebook, Kapag May Katwiran/Ipaglaban Mo, Matanglawin,
Imbestigador
________________________________________________________________
5. O Shopping, May Bukas Pa, Kadenang Ginto, Pangako Sa'yo

_______________________________________________________________
Learning Challenge
Pretend that you will make a video about one tourist spot in your place, what
genre of TV program will you use? Why?
Points to Ponder
You have already learned about the different genres of a TV program. Now, ask
yourself what are the positive and negative effects of watching TV. Enumerate them.
6
Answer Key
IV. Warming Up
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
VI. Keeping You in Practice

Task 1A
1. No
2. Yes
3. Yes
4. Yes
5. No
Task 1B
6. The favorite foods of Pope Francis
7. Alfajor, Asado, Medialunas, Choripan, Empanada, Colita de Cuadril, Dulce
de Leche
8. Buon Appetito
Task 2A
I. Melt the butter in the pan.
II. Sauté the onion.
III. Add the ground beef together with the other ingredients.
IV. Set aside to cool it off.
V. Add the seasoning.
VI. Wrap the filling in dough.
VII. Fry until golden brown then serve.
Task 2B
I. Clip of Pope Francis visiting the Philippines
II. It was revealed in the book Buon Appetito that Pope Francis likes Empanada,
Colita De Cuadril and Dulce De Leche the most.
III. La Cabrera, an Argentinian Restaurant, was featured.
IV. Chef Juan Barcos demonstrates how to make Empanada.
V. The ingredients and recipe for Dulce de Leche was mentioned.
Task 2C
General Entertainment and Human Interest. The show features different fun
and fascinating stories on classic and current events, pop culture, foods,
celebrities, health, and Internet trends.
7
Task 3
1. b
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. c
10. c
VII. Cooling Down
A.
1. General Entertainment/Human Interest
2. Game Show
3. General Entertainment/Human Interest
4. News
5. Music and Dance
B.
1. Wowowin. The rest are kid-oriented shows.
2. It's Showtime. The rest are comedy shows.
3. La Luna Sangre. The rest are news programs.
4. Matanglawin. The rest are documentaries or human interest shows.
5. O Shopping. The rest are drama.
VIII. Learning Challenge.
Answers may vary.
IX. Points to Ponder.
Answers may vary.
8
English
Active and Passive Voice
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Active and Passive Voice

Writer:
Jocelyn M. Amata - Sipocot National High School
Editors:
Reviewer:

Lesson
Active and Passive Voice
3
One of the interesting things about our language is the great variety of ways in
which it expresses ideas. You have seen how many different times can be shown by
the tenses of verbs. Now you will see another way in which verbs help you say exactly
what you have in mind.
Learning Target
Use the passive and active voice meaningfully in varied contexts.
Vocabulary List
1. Verb – It is a word (such as jump, think, happen or exist) that is usually

one of the main parts of a sentence and that expresses an action, an
occurrence or a state of being.
2. Voice – It is a distinction of form or a system of inflections of a verb to
indicate the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb
expresses <active and passive voices>.
3. Active – It is a verb form or voice: asserting that the person or thing
represented by the grammatical subject performs the action represented
by the verb <hits in “he hits the ball” is active>.
4. Passive – (1) It asserts that the grammatical subject of a verb is
subjected to or affected by the action represented by that verb <the
passive voice>; (2) It contains or yields a passive verb form.
5. Tense – In grammar, it is a form of a verb that is used to show when an
action happened.
Warming Up
A. Active and Passive Voice Exercise

Complete the following sentences using appropriate active or passive verb
forms. Choose your answer from the given options.
1. The problem ______ to the children. (explained/was explained)

2. Those pyramids ______around 400 AD. (built/were built)
1
3. All the trouble _______ by your mother. (caused/ was caused)
4. She ______ of spiders. (frightened /is frightened)
5. I knew why I _______(had chosen/had been chosen).
B. Identifying the different voices.

Read the sentences below and decide whether they are written in the active or
passive voice. Cross out the incorrect label.
1. The rabbit was cleaned out yesterday by me. Active/Passive

2. Dad set the table for dinner. Active/Passive
3. I only bought the biscuits this morning. Active/Passive
4. The car pulled into the driveway. Active/Passive
5. Mike was told off by the teacher for swearing. Active/ Passive
Learning About It
This is Good to Know!

Active Voice
1. When the subject does or “acts upon” the verb, the sentence is said to be in
the active voice. These examples show that the subject is doing the verb’s
actions.
 The old father (subject) gives (verb) the money to the boy.
 Carlos Bulosan (subject) revealed (verb) the reality about social
discrimination in the text.
 The rich man (subject) accused (verb) the poor family of stealing the spirit
of his family’s food by smelling.
 The judge (subject) pounded (verb) the gavel.
 My brothers (subject) threw (verb) a small change in a straw hat.
Passive Voice
2. When the subject receives the action of the verb, the sentence is said to be in
the passive voice these examples show how the subject- verb relationship
has changed.
 The money is given by the old father to the boy.
(active verb – gives: passive verb – is given)
 The reality about social discrimination was revealed by Carlos Bulosan in
the text.
(active verb – revealed: passive verb – was revealed)
 The poor family was accused by the rich man for stealing the spirit of his
family’s food by smelling.
(active verb – accused: passive verb – was accused)
2
 The gavel was pounded by the judge.
(active verb – pounded: passive verb – was pounded)
 A small change was thrown by my brothers in a straw hat.
(active verb – threw: passive verb – was thrown)
Because the subject is being “acted upon” (or is passive), such sentences are
said to be in the passive voice.
FORMULAE IN CHANGING VERBS IN SIMPLE TENSES

FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE
1. Simple Present Tense

O = S + is/am/are + past participle of verb by + S = O
Environmentalists display love for nature.
S V O
Love for nature is displayed by environmentalists.
S V O
2. Simple Past Tense
O = S + was/were + past participle of verb by + S = O
Environmentalists displayed love for nature.
S V O
3. Simple Future Tense
O = S + will be/shall be + past participle of verb by + S = O
Environmentalists will display love for nature.
S V O
Love for nature will be displayed by environmentalists.
S V O
Rules in changing Active voice into Passive voice:

1. Identify the subject, the verb, and the object of the sentence. (STVDO)
2. Use the object as the subject of the sentence.
3. Add the appropriate linking verb. Take note of the tense and the subject – verb
agreement.
4. Change the verb into the past participle form.
5. You can add the preposition ―”by “then put the subject as its object. If the subject
is a pronoun, you need to change it into objective case.
3
EXAMPLE:
1. Linda bought a new dress. (Active)
2. A new dress was bought by Linda. (Passive)
3. She kicked the ball. (Active)
4. The ball was kicked by her. (Passive)
Practice Task 1. Identify if the sentence is in the active or passive voice.

1. The thieves were arrested by the police.
2. The marvelous performance delivered by the children enthralled us.
3. He has been invited to their party.
4. We have shipped your order.
5. The girl beautifully recited the poem.
6. The guests enjoyed the party.
7. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.
8. A girl from Lagonoy, Camarines Sur won the first prize.
9. The readers like the latest book of the writer.
10. They paint the walls.
11. Pedro gave an interesting demonstration.
12. Basketball was played by Jaime.
13. Marco removed the old painting.
14. The national budget was approved by the congress.
15. Father cooked dinner.
Practice Task 2. Rewrite the following changing the active sentences to

passive and passive sentences to active.
1. The thieves were arrested by the police.
2. The marvelous performance delivered by the children enthralled us.
3. He has been invited to their party.
4. We have shipped your order.
5. The girl recited the poem beautifully.
6. The guests enjoyed the party.
7. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.
8. A girl from Lagonoy, Camarines Sur won the first prize.
9. The readers like the latest book of the writer.
10. They paint the walls.
Practice Task 3. Rewrite each sentence, changing the verb. If the verb is
active, make it passive. If it is passive make it active.
1. Ms. Sullivan teaches us grammar.
2. The teacher praised him.
4
3. The firemen took the injured to the hospital.
4. An earthquake destroyed the town.
5. The boy’s work pleased the teacher.
6. The fire damaged the building.
7. Who taught you French?
8. The manager will give you a ticket.
9. Spectators thronged the streets.
10. Everyone will blame us.
Cooling Down
A. Active and Passive Sentences. Are the sentences active or passive?

1. Mother carried the baby.
2. Father repaired an old chair.
3. Congress approved the national budget last month.
4. An interesting report on this hobby was presented by Rogie.
5. The flag was raised by the Boy Scouts last Monday.
6. My experience in working with him will never be forgotten by me.
7. A moderate quake rocked Metro Manila recently.
8. The GSIS granted state workers more benefits.
9. Corn is produced for export by the farmers.
10. Toys and decors are made by the vocational students.
B. DIY Project Instruction Manual

Create an instruction manual for a “Do –It – Yourself “COVID Free
Community. Use Active and Passive Voice in your sentences.
Learning Challenge
Write a brief description of art that you or one of your friends created.
Use both active and passive voice verbs. Circle each verb and identify its voice.
Optional Activities
Identify sentences with active and passive voice in different contexts.

Activity 1. Are the sentences active or passive?
1. The Japanese soldiers attacked the Philippines.
2. The Filipinos were attacked by soldiers.
3. The Americans helped the Filipinos in war.
5
4. The wounded were healed by the Filipino doctors.
5. President Quezon ensured an efficient and effective government.
6. People evacuated from the part of the city which was destroyed.
7. The news about the attack was published by the Herald.
8. The order about informing the people of the attack was given by
the general.
9. Many men, both Filipinos and Americans, fought for our freedom.
10. The Japanese pursuit planes were destroyed by the pilot.
Activity 2. A. Change the verbs in the following sentences from active to
passive. Rewrite the sentences.
1. Mr. Harvey cleaned the rug.
2. The digital scoreboard shows the scores and time.
3. Those children fed the duck.
4. The Art Club decorated the gym.
5. Our team already won the trophy once before.
6. The fire destroyed five buildings.
7. Almost everybody knows Mr. Walters.
8. Our class had written letters to our senators.
9. The lawyers will appeal the judge’s decision.
10. Bret has found the error.
B. Rewrite each sentence, changing the verb. If the verb is active,
make it passive. If it is passive, make it active.
1. One of the boys baked a cake.
2. His plans were affected by inflation.
3. The group discussed playground regulations.
4. The committee held a meeting at one o’clock.
5. Ms. O’Brien read the class an interesting article.
6. The tour had been planned by aviation Travel Company.
7. Several alternatives were considered by the club.
8. The Potter’s Wheel also sells ceramic supplies
9. Mr. Parma has finished the project.
10. The tax will be added by the store.
6
Answer Key
WARMING UP
A. Active and Passive Voice Exercises
1. was explained
2. were built
3. was caused
4. is frightened
5. had been chosen
B.
1. Passive
2. Active
3. Active
4. Active
5. Passive
Practice Task 1
1. Passive 6. Active 11. Active
2. Active 7. Active 12. Passive
3. Active 8. Active 13. Active
4. Active 9. Active 14. Passive
5. Active 10. Active 15. Active
Practice Task 2
1. The police have arrested the thieves.
2. We were enthralled by the marvelous performance delivered by the children.
3. They have invited them to their party.
4. Your order has been shipped by us.
5. The poem was beautifully recited by the girl.
6. The party was enjoyed by the guests.
7. Everyone was impressed with the polite manners of the child.
8. The first prize was won by a girl from Lagonoy, Camarines Sur.
9. The latest book of the writer is liked by the readers.
10. The walls are being painted by them.
Practice Task 3
1. We are taught grammar by Ms. Sullivan.
2. He was praised by the teacher.
3. The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen.
4. The town was destroyed by an earthquake.
5. The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work.
6. The building was damaged by the fire.
7. By whom were you taught French?
8. You will be given a ticket by the manager.
7
9. The streets were thronged with spectators.
10. We will be blamed by everyone.
Cooling Down
1. Active 6. Passive
2. Active 7. Active
3. Active 8. Active
4. Passive 9. Passive
Optional Activities
Activity 1
1. Active 6. Active
4. Passive 9. Active
Activity 2
A.
1. The rug was cleaned by Mr. Harvey.
2. The scores and time are shown by the digital scoreboard.
3. The ducks were fed by those children.
4. The gym was decorated by the Art Club.
5. The trophy had already been won once before by our team.
6. Five buildings were destroyed by the fire.
7. Mr. Walters is known by almost everybody.
8. Letters to our Senators had been written by our class.
9. The judge’s decision will be appealed by the lawyer.
10. The error had been found by Bret.
B.
1. A cake was baked by one of the boys.
2. Inflation affected his plans.
3. Playground regulations were discussed by the group.
4. At one o’clock a meeting was held by the committee.
5. An interesting article was read to the class by Mr. O’Brien.
6. Aviation Travel Company had planned the tour.
7. The club considered several alternatives.
8. Ceramic supplies are also sold by the Potter’s Wheel.
9. The project has been finished by Mr. Parma.
10. The store will add the tax.
8
English
Use of Past and Past Perfect Tenses
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Use of Past and Past Perfect Tenses

Writer:
Pepito P. Arazas, Jr. - Sta Lutgarda National High School
Editors:
Reviewer:

Lesson
Use of Past and Past Perfect Tenses
4
These two tenses are both used to talk about things that happened in the past.
However, we use past perfect to talk about something that happened before another
action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past simple.
Learning Target
Use the past and past perfect tenses correctly in varied contexts.
Vocabulary List
1. Simple Past – It refers to an action that happened in the past.

2. Past Perfect – It is used to demonstrate an action that occurred before
another action in the past.
3. Past Perfect Simple – It refers to an action that happened before/up to a
certain time in the past.
4. Past Perfect Negative – It is simply inserting not between had and [past
participle].
Warming Up
In the following sentences, do we need the past simple form of the verb, or
the past perfect?
1. I can't believe he ___________ my lunch!

a. ate b. had eaten
2. I couldn't believe he _____________ my lunch!
a. had eaten b. ate
3. She ____________ her homework so she was allowed to watch movie
with us.
a. had done b. did
4. I ______________ of going to SM City Naga before he suggested it.
a. didn't think b. hadn't thought
1
Learning About It
Simple Past – Past Perfect Simple
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple

2nd column of irregular verbs had + 3rd column of irregular verbs
Example: Example:
I spoke I had spoken
regular verbs: infinitive + ed regular verbs: form of have + infinitive + ed
Example: Example:
I worked I had worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding ed:
 when the final letter is e, only add d
Example:
love - loved
 after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled
Example:
admit - admitted
 final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)
Example:
travel - travelled
 after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)
Example:
worry - worried
but: play – played
Use
We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they occurred.
However, when we look back from a certain time in the past to tell what had happened
before, we use Past Perfect.
Normal order in the past or looking back to an event before a certain time in
the past?
2
sometime in the past before/up to a certain time in the

past
Example:
Jane got up at seven. She Example:
opened her birthday presents Before her sixth birthday, Jane
and then the whole family had never been to the zoo.
went to the zoo.
Do you just want to tell what happened sometime in the past or do you want
to tell what had happened before/up to a certain time in the past?
Signal Words
first already
then up to then
before that day
after*
Note
"After" is only used as a signal word for Past Perfect if it is followed by a subject
+ verb, meaning that one action had been completed before another action
began (the new action is in Simple Past).
Example:
After the family had had breakfast, they went to the zoo.
However, if "after" is followed by object + subject + verb, the verb belongs to

the new action and is therefore in Simple Past.
Example:
After her visit to the zoo, Jane was exhausted.
3
More exceptions with signal words
When
Depending on the situation, "when" can be used with Simple Past or Past
Perfect. Compare the following examples:
Example:
When Jane saw the elephants, she was amazed. (at the same time)
When Jane had seen the elephants, she wanted to see the giraffes.
(second action happened after the first action had been completed)
When Jane went to see the elephants, she had already seen the lions.
(second action had been completed when the first action took place)
Before
"Before" as well can either be used with Simple Past or Past Perfect. If the
action after "before" is a new action, use Simple Past. If the action after "before"
started (and was not completed) before a certain time in the past, use Past Perfect.
Compare the following examples:
Example:
Jane had read a lot about elephants before she went to the zoo.
Jane went to the zoo before she had finished reading her new book about
elephants.
The Past Perfect Tense
We don't use the past perfect a lot in English, but it is useful, and it sounds very
good if you can use it correctly. Also, it's really easy to make - just the past simple of
'have' and the past participle.
4
1. A finished action before a second point in the past.
 When we arrived, the film had started (= first the film started, then we
arrived). We usually use the past perfect to make it clear which action
happened first. Maybe we are already talking about something in the past
and we want to mention something else that is further back in time. This is
often used to explain or give a reason for something in the past.
 I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.
 It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.
If it is clear which action happened first (if we use the words 'before' or 'after',
for example), the past perfect is optional.
 The film started before we arrived / the film had started before we arrived.
2. Something that started in the past and continued up to another action or time
in the past. The past perfect tells us 'how long', just like the present perfect, but
this time the action continues up to a point in the past rather than the present.
Usually we use 'for + time'. We can also use the past perfect continuous here,
so we most often use the past perfect simple with stative verbs.
 When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. (= He arrived in

London six years before he graduated and lived there until he graduated, or
even longer.)
 On the 20th of July, I'd worked here for three months.
3. To talk about unreal or imaginary things in the past. In the same way that we
use the past simple to talk about unreal or imaginary things in the present, we
use the past perfect (one step back in time) to talk about unreal things in the
past. This is common in the third conditional and after 'wish'.
 If I had known you were ill, I would have visited you.

 She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.
 I wish I hadn't gone to bed so late!
The Past Perfect Formula
The formula for the past perfect tense is had + [past participle]. It doesn’t
matter if the subject is singular or plural; the formula doesn’t change.
5
When to Use the Past Perfect
So, what’s the difference between past perfect and simple past? When you’re
talking about some point in the past and want to reference an event that happened
even earlier, using the past perfect allows you to convey the sequence of the events.
It’s also clearer and more specific. Consider the difference between these two
sentences:
 We were relieved that Tootles used washable paint.

 We were relieved that Tootles had used washable paint.
It’s a subtle difference, but the first sentence doesn’t tie Tootles’ act of using
washable paint to any particular moment in time; readers might interpret it as “We were
relieved that Tootles was in the habit of using washable paint.” In the second sentence,
the past perfect makes it clear that you’re talking about a specific instance of using
washable paint.
Another time to use the past perfect is when you are expressing a condition
and a result:
 If I had woken up earlier this morning, I would have caught Tootles red-handed.
The past perfect is used in the part of the sentence that explains the condition
(the if-clause).
Most often, the reason to write a verb in the past perfect tense is to show that
it happened before other actions in the same sentence that are described by verbs in
the simple past tense. Writing an entire paragraph with every verb in the past perfect
tense is unusual.
When Not to Use the Past Perfect
Do not use the past perfect when you’re not trying to convey some sequence
of events. If your friends asked what you did after you discovered the graffiti, they
would be confused if you said:
 I had cleaned it off the door.
They’d likely be wondering what happened next because using the past perfect
implies that your action of cleaning the door occurred before something else
happened, but you don’t say what that something else is. The “something else” doesn’t
always have to be explicitly mentioned, but context needs to make it clear. In this case
there’s no context, so the past perfect doesn’t make sense.
6
How to Make the Past Perfect Negative
Making the past perfect negative is simple! Just insert not between had and
[past participle].
 We looked for witnesses, but the neighbors had not seen Tootles in the act.
 If Tootles had not included his own name in the message, we would have no
idea who was behind it.
How to Ask a Question

The formula for asking a question in the past perfect tense is had + [subject]
+ [past participle].
 Had Tootles caused trouble in other neighborhoods before he struck ours?
Common Regular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense
Infinitive Past Perfect Negative

to ask had asked had not asked
to work had worked had not worked
to call had called had not called
to use had used had not used
Common Irregular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense
Infinitive Past Perfect Negative

To be Had been Had not been
To have Had had Had not had
To do Had done Had not done
To say Had said Had not said
To get Had gotten* Had not gotten*
To make Had made Had not made
To go Had gone Had not gone
To take Had taken Had not taken
To see Had seen Had not seen
To come Had come Had not come
*Note: The past participle of “to get” is “gotten” in American English. In British English,
the past participle is “got.”
7
Activity 1
The past perfect is used to demonstrate an action that occurred before
another action in the past. There are usually two completed actions in the sentence;
one happens before the other.
Structures:
Subject + had + past participle form of the main verb + before + subject + simple
past tense . . . .
Identify and underline the two completed actions in the following sentences.
1. Alex had completed the task before the teacher asked.
 2. I had bought a phone before you came here.
Activity 2
Fill the blank with the correct form of the past perfect tense.
1. I ___________________ such a beautiful beach before I went to Manila.
2. I did not have any money because I _____________ my wallet.
3. Davy knew Davao City so well because he _____________ the city several
times.
4. _____________ Lucy ever ___________Visaya before she moved to Cebu?
5. He only understood the movie because he ___________ the book.
Activity 3
Past Perfect Tense can be in the form of positive and negative.
The positive - make it with 'had' + the past participle (usually made by adding 'ed'
to the infinitive, but a few verbs have irregular past participles).
To form the negative form just add the word “not”.
8
The following are examples of positive past perfect tenses, transpose them
to negative by correctly adding the word “not” to make it negative.
1. I had been (I'd been)

2. You had gone (you'd gone)
3. She had met (she'd met)
4. He had played (he'd played)
5. It had rained (it'd rained)
6. We had bought (we'd bought)
7. They had studied (they'd studied)
Cooling Down
In the following sentences, do we need the past simple form of the verb, or the
past perfect? Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. I can't believe she _________ my meryenda!

a. ate b. had eaten
2. I couldn't believe he __________ my meryenda!
a. had eaten b. ate
3. He ______________ his chores so he was allowed to play video games with
his friends.
a. had done b. did
4. I ______________ of going to Disneyland this year before she suggested it.
a. didn't think b. hadn't thought
5. What _____________ today?
a. did you do b. had you done
6. We ______________ all our water before we realised there wasn't any nearby
available store.
a. drank b. had drunk
7. We _______________ the game when he told us there wasn't any time left!
a. didn't even start b. hadn't even started
8. My pet ripped my shoes! I was so upset, I _______________ it!
a. had just bought b. just bought
9. My mother ________________ to the supermarket this morning to buy some
groceries.
a. had gone b. went
10. I ___________ my work all day so I was really upset when I didn't do well.
a. revised b. hadn't revised
9
Answer Key
IV. Warming Up
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
Practice Tasks
Activity 1
1. had completed-asked
2. had bought-came
Activity 2
1. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Manila.
2. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
3. Davy knew Davao City so well because he had visited the city several
times.
4. Had Lucy ever studied Visaya before she moved to Cebu?
5. He only understood the movie because he had read the book.
Activity 3
1. I had not been (I hadn't been)

2. You had not gone (you hadn't gone.
3. She had not met (she hadn't met)
4. He had not played (he hadn't played)
5. It had not rained (it hadn't rained)
6. We had not bought (we hadn't bought)
7. They had not studied (they hadn't studied)
VII. Cooling Down

1. ate
2. had eaten
3. had done
4. hadn’t thought
5. did you do
10
6. had drunk
7. had even started
8. had just bought
9. went
10. revised
11
References:
Past Simple or Past Perfect?
https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/past-simple-or-past-perfect
Date retrieved: May 15,2020
Simple Past – Past Perfect Simple

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpas-pasper
Date retrieved: May 15, 2020
Using the Past Perfect

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect-use.html
Date Retrieved: May 15, 2020
The Past Perfect Tense

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect-exercise-2.html
Past Perfect Tense

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/past-perfect/
Past Tense: Definition, Structure & Examples

https://www.learngrammar.net/english-grammar/past-tense
May 15, 2020
12
English
Use of Direct and Reported Speech
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Use of Direct and Reported Speech

Writer:
Jocelyn M. Amata - Sipocot National High School
Editors:
Reviewer:

Lesson
Use of Direct and Reported Speech
5
Skill in relaying a message is essential in the English language. This module
focuses on the differences between direct and reported speech. What are things to be
considered in transforming these two speeches.
Learning Target
Use direct and reported speech appropriately in varied contexts.
Vocabulary List
1. Direct – to say (something) to a particular person.

2. Indirect – stating what a real or supposed original speaker said with changes in
wording that conform the statement grammatically to the sentence in which it is
included <indirect discourse> <an indirect question>.
3. Travelogue – a talk or lecture on travel usually accompanied by a film or slides.
4. Report – to relate the words or sense of (something said).
5. Speech – something that is spoken.
Warming Up
A. Analyze each sentence and tell whether if it’s direct speech (DS) or reported
speech (RS).
1. Mary said, “I’m feeling ill.”
2. Your brother said, “I like chocolate.”
3. Your uncle asked if he might leave.
4. “I’ve got a piano lesson today.”
5. He told us to put the box there.
B. Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1. “Where is he?” She asked me_______________.
2. “What are you doing?” She asked me ________________.
3. “How is your mother?” She asked me ________________.
4. “Where will you live after graduation?”
She asked me ________________.
5. “How was the journey?” She asked me ________________.
1
Learning About It
In arguing on a particular issue, researched facts are involved. Sometimes,
direct speech and reported speech are being used to present the efficacy of the
arguments. Do Task 7, Letter A: He Said What? Analyze the following conversations
between Mang Cesar and Pareng Crispin. LM, p. 365.
a. What do you observe about the lines of Mang Cesar? Pareng Crispin? How are
the lines of Mang Cesar presented? How about Pareng Crispin‘s?
b. What tense of the verb was used in the lines of Mang Cesar? Pareng Crispin?
Which of the characters used direct speech? Reported speech?
Discussion on converting direct to reported speech and vice versa:

A direct speech is a sentence that gives a statement or thought in its
original form according to how the original speaker said it.
Example:
 “He planted rice in our land”, replied Pareng Crispin.
 “Many men like to borrow rice from me”, Mang Cesar said.
A reported speech is a sentence that expresses the content of a

statement quoting just like what is done in direct speech.
Example:
 Pareng Crispin replied that he planted rice in their land.
 Mang Cesar said that many men like to borrow rice from him.
To change a direct speech to a reported speech and vice versa, you need
to take note of the following details:
 Tense of the Verb (Is it in the past tense or present tense?)
 Pronouns (Do you need to change pronouns like ―I to ―he/she?)
2
Analyze the following sentences:
 “I already ate”, said Crispin.
 Crispin said that he already ate.
PRACTICE TASK 1
Analyze each sentence and tell whether if it’s direct speech (DS) or
reported speech (RS).
1. The children mentioned that they played in the farm yesterday. ______
2. “I like to eat rice every morning,” Crispin’s son said. _____
3. His son pointed out that he was really hungry since yesterday. ______
4. Mang Cesar stated that that the rice was ready for harvesting. ________
5. Pareng Crispin said that he already fed Potro. -______
6. Rogie said, “I love this town.” _______
7. “Do you like soccer?” he asked me. _________
8. “Be nice to your brother,” he said. __________
9. “Where have you been? he asked me. _______
10. “You should revise your lessons, he said. _______
PRACTICE TASK 2
Change these direct questions into reported speech:
1. “Have you studied reported speech before?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
2. “Did you do your homework?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
3. “Is this the road to the station?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
4. “Do you like coffee?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
5. “Will you come later?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
6. “Are you working tonight?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
7. “Can you help me?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
8. “Have you been to Paris?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
3
9. “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me__________________________________________.
10. “How often do you go to the cinema?”
She asked me________________________
PRACTICE TASK 3
Analyze the given sentences. Change the direct speech to reported
speech and vice versa.
1. Mang Cesar said, “I brought five kilos of rice”.
__________________________________________________________
2. Pareng Crispin replied, “My family accepted the rice you gave us”.
__________________________________________________________
3. “I like to eat rice every morning”, Pareng Crispin‘s son said.
__________________________________________________________
4. “He prepares the field every summer”, Mang Cesar stated.
__________________________________________________________
5. Crispin‘s wife reported, “Five men stole the horses”.
__________________________________________________________
6. His son pointed out that he was really hungry since yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
7. The wife of Crispin said that she was suffering from the drought.
__________________________________________________________
8. Mang Cesar stated that the rice was ready for harvesting.
__________________________________________________________
9. The children mentioned that they played in the farm yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
10. Pareng Crispin said that he already fed Potro.
__________________________________________________________
Cooling Down
A. Analyze the given sentences. Change the direct speech to reported speech
and vice versa.
1. “He works in a bank,” she said.
2. He said that Rogie didn’t like going out much.
3.” I don’t have a computer,” Tony replied.
4. Mother said that they never arrived on time.
5.” I never get up early on Sundays,” said Marco.
4
B. Travelling for the Needy.
Imagine that you are a rich and famous person who travels to help people
around the Philippines. Write a page of travelogue, stating how you helped other
people, and how you affected them. Your sentences should contain the
statements of the people you help pretending that you’ve asked them using the
direct and indirect speech.
Rubrics for the Travelogue
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Proper use The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue
of uses direct and uses direct and uses direct and uses direct and
language reported speech reported speech reported speech reported speech
properly with at least 1-3 with at least 4-6 with 7 and more
mistakes. mistakes. mistakes.
Content The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue
contained contained many contained some contained few
meaningful meaningful meaningful details meaningful details
details about the details about the about the topic. about the topic.
topic. topic.
Creativity The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue The travelogue’s
has has attractive has attractive formatting and
exceptionally formatting formatting and organization of
attractive images are most images are material are
formatting appropriate. appropriate. confusing to the
images are reader.
appropriate.
Additional Activities
Conduct an interview with the Barangay Captain about his stand on the COVID-
19 pandemic. Make a written report of the interview conducted using direct and
reported speech.
OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Analyze the following sentences and identify the correct context from the given choices
1. “Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese,” Jorge said.
A. Jorge bombed the Pearl Harbor said the Japanese.
B. The Japanese said that the Pearl Harbor bombed Jorge.
C. The Pearl Harbor said that Jorge Bombed the Japanese.
D. Jorge said that Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese.
2. The President Mentioned that the surprise attack had a disastrous effect.
A. “The effect was surprised by the president,” the president mentioned.
B. “The surprise attack had a disastrous effect,” the president mentioned.
C. “the president was surprised by the attack,” the president mentioned.
5
D. “The president had a disastrous attack,” the president mentioned.
3. “There are many wounded patients in the hospital,” the doctor stated.
A. The doctor stated that there are patients in the wounded hospital.
B. The doctor stated that there are many doctors in the hospital as patient.
C. The doctor stated that there are many doctors in the hospital as patients.
D. The doctor stated that there are many hospitals for the wounded patients.
4. “I’m not asking you,” said MacArthur.
A. MacArthur said that I did not ask him.
B. MacArthur said that he will not ask him.
C. MacArthur said that I am not asking him.
D. MacArthur said that he was not asking him.
5. “I’m at your service,” I stated.
A. I stated that I am at your service.
B. I stated that he is at your service
C. He stated that I am not your service.
D. He stated that he was at your service.
Activity 2
Identify the statement is a direct or reported speech; and change the following from
direct speech to reported speech and vice versa:
1. “Mang Cesar visited the coffee plantation,” Selmo said.
2. Selmo stated that he is in-charge of the farm in Mindoro.
3. “Mang Cesar asked Selmo to scatter the seeds,” a young boy reported.
4. He reported that there are a lot of mosquitoes in the area.
5. “The smoke will keep the mosquitoes away,” Mang Cesar replied.
6. Pare Crispin said that he wanted to get rice from the market.
7. “He lived in Mansalay,” the boy mentioned.
8. “Potro was well feed,” the farmer replied.
9. Pare Crispin replied that all animals in the shelter.
10. “Pare Crispin went to another direction,” Mang Cesar shouted.
Activity 3
Change the following reported speech to included speech.
1. Rogina Parma says, “I am writing a story”
2. My father boasts, “Everyone in the streets greet me.”
3. “I shall talk to your cousin about your job,” my mother said.
4. “He works in a big company,” she confirmed.
5. “You better get some fuel for tonight,” his mother commanded.
6. “Are you a scuba diver?” Rogie asked.
7. “Do you get to the bottom of the sea?” inquired Tony.
8. “Is Father arriving today or tomorrow?” asked Mother.
9. “Shall we serve juice or ice cream?” inquired Nena.
10. “Who gave us these toys?” asked the little orphans.
6
Answer Key
WARMING UP
A.
1. DS
2. DS
3. RS
4. DS
5. RS
B.
1. She asked me where he was.
2. She asked me what I was doing.
3. She asked me how my mother was.
4. She asked me where I would live after graduation.
5. She asked me how the journey was (had been).
PRACTICE TASK 1
1. RS
2. DS
3. RS
4. RS
5. RS
6. DS
7. DS
8. DS
9. DS
10. DS
PRACTICE TASK 2
1. She asked me if I had studied reported speech before.
2. She asked me if I did (had done) my homework.
3. She asked me if this was the road to the station.
4. She asked me if I liked coffee.
5. She asked me if I would come later.
6. She asked me if I was working tonight (that night).
7. She asked me if I could help her.
8. She asked me if I had been to Paris.
9. She asked me if he arrived (had arrived) on time.
10. She asked me how often I went to the cinema.
PRACTICE TASK 3
1. Mang Cesar said that he brought five cavanes of rice.
2. Pare Crispin replied that his family accepted the rice that you gave them.
3. Pare Crispin’s son said that he likes to eat rice every morning.
4. Mang Cesar stated that he prepares the field every summer.
5. Crispin’s wife reported that five men stole the horses.
7
6. “I am really hungry since yesterday,” his son pointed out.
7. “I am suffering from the drought,” the wife of Crispin said.
8. “The rice was ready for harvesting,” Mang Cesar stated.
9. “We played in the farm,” the children mentioned.
10. “I already fed Potro,” Pare Crispin said.
VII. COOLING DOWN

1. She said that he worked in a bank.
2.” Rogie doesn’t like going out much,” he said.
3. Tony replied that he didn’t have a computer.
4. “They never arrive on time,” Mother said.
5. Marco said that he never got up early on Sundays.
OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
ACTIVITY 2
1. direct speech
2. reported speech
3. direct speech
4. reported speech
5. direct speech
6. reported speech
7. direct speech
8. direct speech
9. reported speech
10. direct speech
ACTIVITY 3
1. Rogina Parma says that she is writing a story.
2. My father boasts that everyone in the street greets him.
3. My mother said that she would talk with my cousin about my job.
4. She confirmed that he worked in a big company.
5. His mother commanded him to get some fuel to cook the next meal.
6. Rogie asked if I were a scuba diver.
7. Tony inquired if I got to the bottom of the sea.
8. Mother asked whether father was arriving today or tomorrow.
9. Nena asked whether we should serve juice or ice cream.
10. The little orphans asked who gave them the toys
8
English
Use of Phrases, Clauses and Sentences
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Use of Phrases, Clauses and Sentences

Writer:
Pepito P. Arazas, Jr. - Sta Lutgarda National High School
Editors:
Reviewer:

Lesson
Use of Phrases, Clauses and Sentences
6
Absolute understanding of the structural parameters is critical to the
understanding of the meaning of sentences. In this module, you will learn the different
uses of phrases, clauses, and sentences. These three structures are a common part
of English and each one is composed of groups of words.
Learning Target
Use phrases, clauses, and sentences appropriately and meaningfully.
Vocabulary List
a. Phrase – It is a group of words that acts as a part of speech but cannot

stand alone as a sentence.
b. Clause – It is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate.
c. Sentence – It expresses complete thought and contains a subject (a
noun or a pronoun) and a predicate (a verb or verb phrase).
Warming Up
1. The subject of a sentence is _______________________
a. always a person or place
b. the object of the action of a sentence
c. what or whom the sentence is about
2. Which of the following sentences is an example of a compound sentence?

a. I love tea, and Frell loves coffee.
b. I like coffee, Frell likes tea.
c. Frances went to school. Lucas went to the mall. I went to the basketball
court.
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Independent clauses can be joined by comma only.
b. Independent clauses can be joined by a semicolon and not by a comma.
c. Independent clauses can be joined by coordinating conjunction only.
1
Learning About It
UNFOLDING THE DIFFERENCES. Read the succeeding discussion about phrases,

clauses, and sentences. Bear in mind significant differences and examples.
Phrases are groups of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand
alone as a sentence. The words in phrase act together so that the phrase itself
functions as a single part of speech. Phrases can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives,
or adverbs.
Phrases can take many different forms, such as: Prepositional phrase, Verb
phrases, Adjective phrases, Adverb phrases, Noun phrases, and Verbial phrases.
 Prepositional Phrase: This group of words begin with a preposition. The

preposition precedes a noun or a pronoun or something which acts as a noun
or a pronoun.
Christmas is a joyful occasion.

He was lost at sea.
I am making this project for the entire class.
The entire prepositional phrase acts as an adverb or an adjective most of the

time.
 Noun Phrase: This phrase acts as a noun in a sentence. A noun or a pronoun

and its modifiers make up a noun phrase.
The lady takes a jeep every day to work.

Danielle has a colorful bag with her.
 Verb Phrase: This phrase contains a main verb and one or more helping verb.
These two will have a link that connects them together to define the various
times of the action in a sentence.
The speedboat is moving in a circle.

Will she be eating the entire plate of salad?
How are you doing?
These are some of the common examples and the structure is auxiliary/modal
verb + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb (as in the sentence above).
2
Clauses are group of words that have a subject and a predicate. Independent
clauses express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Subordinate
or dependent clauses can act as part of speech but depend on the rest of the sentence
to express a complete thought.
 Main or Independent Clause: The main clause is part of a sentence and it

does not only contain the subject and the predicate but also makes perfect
sense if we take it out of the sentence.
Cabusao Wetland is becoming popular at fast pace and this has

surprised many investors.
The clauses in bold are independent clauses.
 Subordinate or Dependent Clause: A subordinate or a dependent clause

must also contain the subject and the predicate. The only condition is that these
kinds of clauses won’t make proper sense without another clause. The
dependent clause depends on the main clause for deriving a proper meaning.
The condition of our sea is turning from bad to worse.

He has an American bully who can stand on two legs.
This is the shoes which I bought online.
The words in bold are the subordinate clauses.
On the other hand, sentence expresses complete thought and contains a

subject (a noun or a pronoun) and a predicate (a verb or verb phrase). There are four
basic types of sentences – simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex –
use phrases and clauses depending in the level of complexity.
The sentence structure has the following basic parts:
 Subject: About which something is being said.

 Predicate: Tells us something about the subject.
 Direct object: A person or thing that is affected by the verb.
 Indirect object: Usually followed by direct objects.
 The object of the preposition: Functions as a noun or pronoun and
comes right after the preposition.
 Verbs: Indicates action, the occurrence of something or state of being.
 Phrases: Makes sense but not complete sense, thus can’t stand alone.
 Complements: It provides complete meaning to a subject, an object or
a verb.
3
Activity 1
Identify the following underlined phrases.
1. Louise wants to make the classroom a better one.
2. Lying in her bed, Mariam felt healthier.
3. Jan Ronnie laughed in class.
4. Mr. Peter Parker planned to have watched the new movie.
Identify whether the following phrases is prepositional, participial, infinitive phrase.

5. Louise wants to make the classroom a better one.
6. Lying in her bed, Mariam felt healthier.
7. Jan Ronnie laughed in class.
8. Mr. Peter Parker planned to have watched the new movie.
Activity 2
A. TRUE or FALSE: All of the following are independent clauses.
1. Lucas Jello smiled.
2. The colorful parade of majorettes, with all their fancy dress and make up.
3. To have been loved is to have known joy and pain.
B. Identify whether the following statement is a dependent or independent clause.

4. Although she is hungry,
5. she will give him some of her food.
6. Whatever they decide,
7. I will agree too.
Activity 3
1. Complete the sentence: The subject of a sentence is ___________
a. object of the action in a sentence
b. what or whom the sentence is about
c. always a person or place
2. Complete the sentence. The predicate of a sentence __________
a. tells what the subject does or what is done in the subject
b. is always a person, place, or thing
c. is always the object of the verb in sentence
4
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
a. An incomplete sentence has a subject and verb but does not express a
complete thought.
b. An incomplete sentence is missing a subject but expresses a complete thought.
c. An incomplete sentence is missing a verb but expresses a complete thought.
Underline the complete subject in the following sentences:

4. My wife, Frell, a smart woman, earned her doctoral degree last year.
5. The store will be opened on Saturday.
6. Get ready!
Cooling Down
Craft two sentences for each of the following dependent words, putting the
dependent clause at the beginning of one sentence and at the end of the other.
Examples: 1. When you go to school, you must work hard.

2. You must work hard when you go to school.
Notice – when the dependent clause comes first, a comma must come after it.
1. Although
______________________________________________________________
2. After
______________________________________________________________
3. While
______________________________________________________________
4. Since
______________________________________________________________
5. Unless
______________________________________________________________
Learning Challenge
On your notebook, gather facts between the difference of phrase and clause
with corresponding examples.
Present your output in tabular form.
5
Answer Key
IV. WARMING UP
1. C
2. A
3. B
VI. KEEPING YOU IN PRACTICE

Practice Tasks
Activity 1
1. Infinitive Phrase
2. Participial Phrase
3. Prepositional Phrase
6. Participial Phrase
7. Prepositional Phrase
Activity 2
1. True
2. False.
3. True
4. Dependent Clause
5. Independent Clause
6. Dependent Clause
7. Independent Clause
Activity 3
1.B
2.A
3.A
4. My wife Frell, a smart woman, earned her doctoral degree last year
5. The store will be opened on Saturday.
6. Get ready! You (implied subject)
VII. COOLING DOWN
Answers may vary.
6
References:
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-correspondence-and-reporting/sentence-
types-and-word-power/phrases-clauses-sentences/
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/grammar/phrases-clauses-and-
sentences/what-are-phrases-clauses-and-sentences
Date retrieved: MAY 13, 2020
https://irsc-
asc.weebly.com/uploads/3/1/8/1/31813909/packet_4_phrases_and_clauses.pdf
https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/pdf/0764563939.excerpt01.pdf
https://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/clause-phrase.asp
Date Retrieved: May 13, 2020
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/grammar/phrases-clauses-and-
sentences/what-are-phrases-clauses-and-sentences
CLAUSE, PHRASE, SENTENCE LEARN THE DIFFERENCE

https://www.eurocentres.com/blog/clause-phrase-sentence-learn-the-difference
https://www.slideshare.net/proffittd/phrases-clauses-and-sentences
7
English
Reading Styles
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Reading Styles

Writer:
Editors:
Reviewer:

Lesson
Reading Styles
7
Sometimes, you will need to adjust your reading speed; that is, you have to read fast
or slow depending on the text. By adjusting your speed, you will get information
effectively. In this lesson, you will learn how to use different reading styles.
Learning Target

 Use the appropriate reading style (scanning, skimming, speed reading,
intensive reading, etc.) for one’s purpose
Vocabulary List
You will encounter the following words as you read The Crow and the
Sparrow. This vocabulary list will help you understand the story.
 sparrow - small bird, usually brown or gray in color

 nasty - bad or not pleasant
 beak - mouth of a bird
 potter - a person who makes pots or jars from clay
 fetch - to get
 rubbish - trash or garbage
 spade - a tool for digging; a shovel
 blacksmith - a person who makes and repairs things in iron by hand
Warming Up
Write the letter of the best answer.
1. What kind of reading is skimming?
A. fast reading B. Slow Reading
2. What kind of reading is scanning?
A. fast reading B. Slow Reading
3. Why do you scan a dictionary?
A. to read stories B. to look for meaning of words
1
4. Why do you skim a newspaper?
A. to read the sports page B. to get an overview of all the news
5. Headings, numbers, and diagrams can help with _______________.
A. skimming B. scanning
Learning About It
Different reading styles include skimming (looking at a text or chapter quickly

in order to have a general idea of the contents).
Another type of reading is scanning. To scan is to move your eyes quickly

down the page, to find one specific detail like a date, name or word in a text.
2
Other types of reading are speed reading (reading fast) and intensive reading
(reading thoroughly and comprehensively).
Now, read the following story and answer the practice tasks that follow.
The Crow and the Sparrow
Once upon a time a sparrow made friends with a crow. One day when they were
hunting for food, the crow spied some red peppers that were spread out on a mat to dry.
“Look at those peppers,” said the crow to the sparrow. “Let’s see who can eat the
most.”
“All right!” answered the sparrow.
“Then the one who wins will eat the other,” said the crow.
The sparrow laughed and agreed for he thought the crow was joking. Friends do
not eat each other. The sparrow ate each pepper fairly, but the crow cheated. For each
pepper that he ate, he hid three more under the mat without the sparrow’s seeing.
“I’ve won! Now I’m going to eat you!” said the crow.
Then at last the sparrow realized that the crow was serious.
“All right,” he said, “I’ll keep my promise. But before you eat me you must wash
your beak for everyone knows that you’re a dirty bird and eat lots of nasty things.”
So the crow went to the river and cried.
“River! River!
Give me water
To wash my beak,
To make myself neat,
The sparrow to eat!”
The river replied: “You want water? Very well, but everyone says you eat nasty
things. If you want to wash your beak in my water, you must get a pot to put it in and then
you can have as much water as you like.”
The crow went to the potter in the village and cried:
“Potter! Potter!
Make me a pot
To fetch some water.
To wash my beak,
The potter replied: “You want a pot? Very well, but I have no clay. Bring me some
clay and “I’ll make you a pot.”
3
The crow went to a field and began digging up clay with his beak. The earth said:
“The whole world knows that you eat rubbish and nasty things. I cannot allow you to dig
up my clay unless you use a spade.”
The crow went to the village blacksmith, who was working on a wheel. The crow
said to him:
“Blacksmith! Blacksmith!
Make me a spade
To dig some clay,
To make a pot,
To fetch some water,
To wash my beak,
The blacksmith replied: “You want a spade? Very well, but you see I have no fire
in the forge. If you want me to make a spade, you must bring me some fire.”
The crow went to a farmer’s house nearby. The farmer’s wife was cooking rice in
the courtyard. The crow cried:
“Dear farmer’s wife!

Give me fire
To make a spade
To dig some clay,
To make a pot,
To fetch some water,
To wash my beak,
The farmer’s wife replied: “You want fire? Very well, but how will you carry it?”
“You can put it on my back,” said the crow.
The farmer’s wife put the fire on the crow’s back and immediately his feathers burst
into flames. The greedy crow was burnt to ashes. But the honest sparrow lived to a ripe
old age.
- Retold by Ashraf Siddigui
Task 1. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Explain your answer.
1. The sparrow never thought that the crow was serious about the bet.
2. The crow cheated because he really wanted to eat the sparrow.
3. The river had a valid reason for not giving the crow water.
4. The earth gave clay to the crow but it was not enough for a pot.
5. The blacksmith’s request for fire from the crow was only an alibi.
4
6. The housewife really intended to burn the crow.
7. The sparrow was honest and trusting.
8. The crow was not only a cheat but also stupid.
Task 2. Scan the selection for answers to the following questions.

A. Answer the following:
1. Who are the characters in the story? Which of them is the cheat?
2. What was the bet?
3. When did the sparrow realize that the crow meant what he said?
4. How did the sparrow save himself?
5. What happened to the crow at the end?
B. Whom did the crow approach and for what? Show sequence by writing the
events in the flow chart.
Task 3. Read the story intensively and answer all the questions.
1. What kind of friend was the crow? Do you know of people like him?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Would you like a friend like the crow? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is the lesson of the fable?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5
Cooling Down
You used “speed reading” in answering practice test 1 and 2 while you used
“intensive reading” to answer practice test 3. Now, give the similarities and
differences of speed reading and intensive reading based on your experience. You
may write in paragraph form, or you may use a Venn Diagram for your answers.
Speed Reading Intensive Reading
Learning Challenge
Look at the following information packet. Then answer the questions that
follow.
CIGARETTES: AN INSIDER’S GLIMPSE

When you smoke, you are saying yes to:
 Tar
 Nicotine
 Cyanide
 ….and several other KNOWN POISONS!
NICOTINE: It’s the magic part in cigarettes that is ADDICTIVE:

 it keeps you coming back, wanting more
 it keeps putting YOUR MONEY in the pockets of the
cigarette companies.
TAR: Cigarettes have Tar in them. Tar makes you ugly:

 it stains your teeth, your fingers AND your lungs.
 it makes your breath stink, and your hair gets dull.
 it gives you wrinkles by making your blood vessels
under your skin shrink
Adapted from “Cigarettes Inside Out” web page (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs- sesc/tobacco/youth/scoopin.html)
6
Skimming: What do you Notice about
Scanning: Unfamiliar Words
this text?
Text List any
Features: unfamiliar
words you
List any see.
headings,
subheadings,
bolded words
or graphics you
notice as you
skim
Points to Ponder
As the lesson comes to an end, ask yourself how the reading strategies
(e.g. skimming, scanning etc.) can help you become a better reader. How will you
apply them in real life?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
7
Answer Key
IV. WARMING UP
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. B
VI. KEEPING YOU IN PRACTICE
Task 1.
1. T. Friends don’t eat each other.
2. T. Crows are predators.
3. T. Its water will become dirty because the crow’s beak is dirty.
4. F. The earth did not give any clay to the crow.
5. T. There was no fire on his forge and he needed it to make a spade.
6. F. The farmer’s wife placed the fire on the crow’s back at his instruction.
7. T. He trusted the crow and ate each pepper honestly.
8. T. He told the farmer’s wife to put the fire on his back which caused his death.
Task 2.
A.
1. The sparrow and the crow. The crow cheated.

2. The bet was who can eat the most.
3. When the crow won.
4. By asking the crow to wash its beak first
5. The crow was burned to death.
B.
I. He went to the river for the water.

II. He went to the potter for pot.
III. He went to earth for clay.
IV. He went to the blacksmith for spade.
V. He went to the farmer's wife for fire.
Task 3.
Answers may vary.
VII. COOLING DOWN

Answers may vary.
VIII. LEARNING CHALLENGE
Answers may vary.

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English

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Development Team of the Module

Illustrators and Layout Artists:

This module focuses on the following objective:

Be sure to remember this important word in the lesson:

 Analogy - a comparison between two things on the basis of their

Complete the following statements. Write the letter of the answer.

1. Cup is to lips as bird is to ___________.

2. Flow is to river as stagnant is to____________.

3. Paw is to cat as hoof is to _________.

4. Ornithologist is to bird as meteorologist is to ____________.

5. Peacock is to India as Monkey Eating Eagle is to ____________.

1. minute : hour :: petal : flower Relationship: part to whole

2. fork : eat :: pencil : write Relationship: object to function

3. glasses : read :: crutches : walk Relationship: object to function

Other relationships/types of analogy: (Source: https://bit.ly/2YDJ1cD)

Keeping You in Practice

1. On is to off, as start is to_______.

2. Nail is to finger, as hair is to ______.

3. Eye is to see, as ear is to_____.

4. Fast is to deer, as slow is to ______.

5. Wool is to sheep, as egg is to ______.

6. Near is to far, as open is to _____.

7. Umpire is to baseball, as referee is to ____.

9. Sister is to girl, as brother is to ____.

10. Wolf is to pack, as fish is to ____.

1. teacher : educate :: ______ :______

2. mother : female :: ______ :______

3. helicopter : sky :: ______ :______

4. nice : unkind :: ______ :______

5. television : watched :: _____ :______

6. carrot : vegetable ::______ :______

7. futsal : field :: ______ :______

8. ship : ocean ::______ :______

9. tired : sleep ::______ :______

10. singer : sing :: ______ :______

A. Supply a word to each statement to complete the analogy..

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Development Team of the Module

Illustrators and Layout Artists:

1. Edmark M. Pado – Cabugao Elementary School

This module focuses on the following objective:

 Genre – type or form

Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is incorrect.

1. Weather reports, headlines, and sportscasts are considered news.

Drama and Comedy

Music and Dance

General Entertainment and Human Interest

Keeping You in Practice

Task 1B. Answer the following questions.

____ Fry until golden brown then serve.

A. Identify the genre of the following TV programs. Explain your answer.

2. Dear Uge, It's Showtime, Pepito Manaloto, Bubble Gang

3. 24 Oras, La Luna Sangre, ABS CBN Global News, TV Patrol

5. O Shopping, May Bukas Pa, Kadenang Ginto, Pangako Sa'yo

VI. Keeping You in Practice

VII. Cooling Down

VIII. Learning Challenge.

Answers may vary.

IX. Points to Ponder.

Answers may vary.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

1. teacher : educate :: :

2. mother : female :: :

3. helicopter : sky :: :

4. nice : unkind :: :

5. television : watched :: _ :__

6. carrot : vegetable :: :

7. futsal : field :: :

8. ship : ocean :: :

9. tired : sleep :: :

10. singer : sing :: :

4. ___ Lucy ever _Visaya before she moved to Cebu?