UNIT 6: POPULATION

A. WORD FORMATION

No. NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

1 - population - populate (often - populous
- population explosion passive) = inhabit - overpopulated
- dense population ≠ - a heavily /
sparse population densely populated
- overpopulation country ≠ a
sparsely / thinly
populated country
2 - birth - bear - bore
- date of birth -borne: give birth
- place of birth = to a child
birthplace
- birth certificate
- birth control
- birth rate
- childbirth
- childbearing
3 - poverty - impoverish - poor
- impoverishment - impoverished:
- poorness very poor
4 - employment: work - employ sb as sth - employable ≠
- employer ≠ employee e.g.: He has been unemployable
- the employed as a - unemployed =
unemployed=unemployed bodyguard. jobless
people
- unemployment
- rate of unemployment
- unemployment benefit
5 - shortness - shorten - short ≠ long, tall
- shortage - short of sth
a shortage of funds
food / water shortages
6 - desire for sth - desire: want - desirous of sth:
- desire + to V wanting
 I have no desire: I don’t - desirable for sb
want to V: worth having
or doing ≠
undesirable
7 - limit to sth - limit sth to sth = - limited resources
- limitation = restraint restrict - limited period
- limit yourself / - limitless =
sb to sth infinite
8 - access to sth - access (sth): - accessible to sb ≠
- to have / get access to reach, enter or use inaccessible
sth ≠ to be denied access sth
to sth
9 - contraception = birth - contraceptive
control (before N)
- to use / practice - contraceptive pill
contraception / methods /
- contraceptive precautions
10 - abortion - abort: end a - abortive (of an
- to have an abortion pregnancy early action):
- anti-abortion ≠ pro- unsuccessful,
abortion failed
11 - education - educate sb to do - educated
- educationist = sth e.g.: a highly
educationalist - educate sb on / educated man; a
- educator = teacher in sth: well-educated
e.g.: Children woman
need to be - educational
educated on the educational games
dangers of drug-
taking.
12 - pollution - pollute sth with - polluted ≠
- pollutant ≠ non- sth unpolluted
pollutant
13 - willingness ≠ - willing to do sth
unwillingness to do sth ≠ unwilling,
reluctant
14 - crime - criminalize - criminal
- crime prevention - incriminate: - criminal offences
 - criminal accuse sb of doing
- criminality st
- criminology
- criminologist
- incrimination
15 - density - dense = thick
- population density dense smoke / fog
16 - trend towards/in sth - trendy: very
- a growing trend fashionable
- current trends
- a downward / upward
trend
17 - control of / over sb / sth - control sth - controllable ≠
- to gain control of sth ≠ - to control the uncontrollable
to lose control of sth company e.g.:
- the teacher had no - to control your uncontrollable
control over his students. son bleeding;
- birth control - to control the uncontrollable
- birth control techniques blaze child
- to control the - controlled: done
traffic lights or arranged in a
- to control careful way a
yourself controlled
environment ≠
uncontrolled
e.g.: uncontrolled
growth
18 - growth of / in sth - grow-grew- - growing (before
- economic growth grown N)
- a rapid growth in crime e.g.: a growing
number;
a growing child
- grown (of a
person)
19 - increase in / of sth - increase (sth) - increased
- an increase of nearly - to increase in sth - increasing
20% - to increase by e.g.: an increasing
- to be on the increase 80$ population
20 - implementation - implement =
- the implementation of carry out
sth - to implement
changes

B. PHRASAL VERBS

1. to give up

2. to account for

C. IDIOMS

1. to be second to sth.

2. to be second to none

D. PATTERNS, PHRASES & COLLOCATIONS

1. to have / gain access to sth

2. to be willing to do sth

3. population density

4. family planning

5. population growth rate

6. in the past / last few years

7. birth control program

8. one-child policy

9. nationwide / worldwide

10. to be responsible to sb for doing sth

11. to impose tax on sth

12. to make it a law

13. to raise people’s awareness of sth

14. to be dead against sth: to be strongly opposed to sth.

15. to introduce sb to sb else

16. to search for sth

to search sb / sth

in search of

17. to praise sb for doing sth

18. income tax

19. to be devoted to

20. to come into being / come into existence

E. GRAMMAR

Adjective clauses / Relative clauses (review)

- Defining/ Restrictive relative clause (no comma): identify or classify nouns; tell
us which person or thing, or which kind of person or thing, is meant.
e.g.: What’s the name of the tall man {who just came in?}
Who owns the car {which is parked outside?}

- Non-defining/ Non-restrictive relative clause (with comma): not identify or

classify; simply tell us more about a person or thing that is already identified.
Non-defining relative clauses are generally more formal, and are less frequent in
informal speech. Relative pronoun “that” is not used in non-defining relative
clauses.
e.g.: This is Ms Rogers, {who/that is joining the firm next week.}
 In 1908 Ford developed his Model T car, {which/that sold for $500.}