IV.

WORLD OF IDEAS
A. MEDIA CULTURE
Media Education
Media is everywhere /
Media is our environment
Media is produced by an industry by people we do not even know
Makes people active agents and helps them to see the world more clearly.

Oral Communication
Language allowed human to cooperate.
It allowed sharing of information.
Became the most important tool in the world and experience different cultures.
It helped them move and settle down.
It led to markets, trade and cross-continental trade.

Script
Language was important but imperfect, distance became a strain for oral
communication.
Script allowed human to communicate over a longer times.
It allowed for written and permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice.

The Printing Press

It started the information revolution.
It transformed social institutions such as schools, churches, governments and more.

Electronic Media
The vast reach of media continues to open up in the economic, political, and cultural processes.
Radio became a global medium, reaching distant regions.
Television is considered as the most powerful and pervasive mass medium.
Digital Media
Digital Media are often electronic media that rely on digital code.
Our earlier media such as phones and TVs are now considered digital media.
Computer allowed citizens to access information from around the world.

Media and Economic Globalization

Media fosters the conditions for global capitalism.
Economic and cultural globalization arguably would be impossible without a global commercial media
system to promote global markets and to encourage consumer values
– Robert Mc Chesney.

Media and Political Globalization

Media corporations are powerful political actors, individuals journalists are contend for power.
Government shape and manipulate the news.
Media complicate politics.
Media and Cultural Globalization
Media on one level are the carriers of culture.
It generates numerous and on-going interactions.

Culture
The set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideals that are characteristic of a particular
society or population.
Media Culture
The media affects people in varied ways, some are positive and others are negative.

Positive Aspects:
*Media shows us constructive information.
*It is a getaway to places unknown, foreign, and magical with knowledge of what goes on around us.
*Video games today are increasingly active oriented.
*Media also help us engage with other people around the world, and be more open and understanding
towards other cultures.

Negative Aspects:
*Kids are influenced easily by what they see on television or the Internet, mimicking such acts.
*Obesity is on the rise for kids who plant themselves in front of the television for hours on end.
*The media can influence one to do things that aren't moral, like getting into substance abuse.

Culture Affects Media

*Media is influenced by culture as much as the programming or stories that they are enveloped within.
*Media cannot escape the cultural influence.
*Culture provides media with sources for content.
*All contents are derived from culture including entertainment, news and advertisement.

Media and Culture are Correlation:

*Communication media are hand down values and norms of culture, culture hands down media contents.
*Languages are our media.
*Media are our metaphors and metaphors manage the contents of our culture.
*Culture and media can't be separated from each other.
DID YOU KNOW?
Newspapers appeared in many European countries in the 17th century, and broadsheets with social news
were published in Japan in the Tokugawa period (1603–1867).
The first English corantos appeared in London in 1621.
By the 1640s the news book had taken the form of a newspaper—the title page being dropped.

The first practical wireless radio communication system was developed in Italy by Guglielmo Marconi.

GLOSSARY

Media - is the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. 

Media Culture - refers to the current Western capitalist society that emerged and developed from the
20th century, under the influence of mass media. 

Media Ethics - is the best division of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and
standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. 
REFLECTION

ASSIGNMENT

1. How does media affects the culture and society of the community as a whole?
2. Is it possible for globalization to occur without media?

1 Thessalonians 5:11: “Therefore encourage one another and build one another up, just as you are
doing.”
GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION
Globalization
The networking and expansion of once local products, beliefs, and practices into universal beliefs and
practices thru technology.

Religion
A collection of cultural systems of beliefs views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to
spirituality and moral values.
Came from the Latin “religare” or bond between God and man.
A collection of cultural systems, belief systems and world views that establishes spirituality and moral
values.

Elements of Religion
1. Beliefs that some things are sacred and be set apart.
2. Practices or rituals or activities that are regularly and repeatedly carried out using prescribed forms of
behavior and are centered on things considered to be sacred.
3. A community or a church which is the product of the group's beliefs and practices.

Religion & Globalization Contrasting belief systems

Religion is concerned with sacred while globalism is concerned with material wealth.
Religion follows divine commandments while globalism follows human made laws.
The religious is concerned with spreading holy ideas.
Globalists values wishes to spread goods and services.
Origin of Globalization of Religion
Evolving trade routes led to the colonization of the Asia, Africa, Central and South America.
Religion became an integral part of colonization and later on globalization.
Religion has been a major feature in some historical conflicts and the most recent wave of modern
terrorism.

Tools uniting people over the world on religious basis

*BOOKS (PRINTING PRESS)
*MOVIES
*CELLPHONE APPS
*SOCIAL NETWOKS
*CHARITY FUNDS
*SPECIAL INTERNET SITES (WEBSITES)
*RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS
*EASE TO TRAVEL

Forms of Religion
1. Animism
Is the belief that spiritual beings in the world can give good or ill effects in human affairs.

2. Totemism
Is a belief wherein a plant, animal, or object possesses supernatural power or spirit.
3. Theism
A belief in one or more gods who occupy a significant part in the creation of the universe and who play a
major role in the daily lives of all men.

Monotheism
A belief in one supreme God who is considered to be the Creator of the universe.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are religions worship only one God.

Polytheism
A belief in more than one God.
Examples Shintoism and native religions in Africa.

4. Nontheistic
Religion which does not recognize the presence of a deity.
This is based on sacred principles that govern the everyday conduct of men's lives to achieve the right
way to fulfillment.
Examples are Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.

The Most Known Religions Across the World

Judaism
Judaism's belief is the covenant made by God to Abraham by his descendants were to be God's chosen
people.
Beliefs in teachings of the prophets, has no trinity, believes in messiah to come and emphasize good
works.
1.5 billion in the world.

Christianity
its deity is Jesus and 2.2 billion adherents the Holy Bible.

Islam
The God is Allah 1.57 milliard Adherents the Quran.

Hinduism
The oldest religion in the World and has many gods
811 million believers worldwide.
Buddhism
The teaching of Buddha the dharma and good works, 380 million believers.
Religion has entered the information age and has globalized at accelerating rates.
In methods religions use for teaching and belief systems.

Tools of Uniting People Over the World on Religious Beliefs:

*Books
*Movies
*Cell phone apps
*Charity funds
*Special internet sites
*Religious schools

Expansion of Terrorism on Religious Basis

Videos and audios in the Internet of sermons read by missionaries which contain extremist ideas, call for
crimes, murders, terrorist attacks.
The possibility of communicating with anyone across the world and sharing ideas provoke the spread of
terrorists and expansion of their band.
DID YOU KNOW?
Hinduism was brought by the Aryans brought to India with them in about 1500 BC.
Its beliefs and practices are based on the Vedas, a collection of hymns thought to refer to actual historical
event that Aryan scholars had completed by about 800 BC.

IV. GLOSSARY

Belief - an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition about the world is true.

Cult - a social group that is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, 

Media - is the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. 
Media Culture - refers to the current Western capitalist society that emerged and developed from the
20th century, under the influence of mass media. 

Media Ethics - is the best division of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and
standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. 

REFLECTION

ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the functions of religion?

2. How is religion related to social conflict?
3. In what areas does religion have an impact in your country?
Psalm 28:7
The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, and I am helped: therefore my heart
greatly rejoices; and with my song will I praise him.
V. GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
Global Cities
Global cities are placed in very different positions in global economy.
Embedded in stark geographical divisions of wealth, power, technology and labor.

Cities in Transition
Peter Gould (1963):
*Man against Nature
*Locational patterns
Lucassen and Willems (2011):
*Challenge and Response
*Adaptation and rising urbanization

Kourtit and Nijkamp (2012):

*Globalization and migration
*Advantages and creative cities

The New Global World

*Rising of mega cities everywhere
*Cities as the home of man
*Mega city areas as centers of development and of concerns.
*Changes in city appearance and socio-economic development.
*Dominance of sustainability conditions.
*No natural or economic limit to city size

Global cities play a role as global rulers in the New Urban World.
Large cities provide unrivalled work opportunities and cultural experiences.
It can be lonely and unfriendly places.
City life is much more fast-paced
Competition prevails over cooperation and social relationships appear flimsy and brittle.

Rivalry Between Global Cities in North and South:

Global cities in large urban areas especially in the south does not have strong role within division of
labor.
New technologies of communications and transport used to refine.
In elsewhere separated surrounding informal or shanty settlements.
Resource extraction like mining, forestry, waste recycling.
The Global Elite as of 2017
*New York *London *Paris *Seoul *San Francisco *Tokyo *Hong Kong *Singapore *Chicago

DEMOGRAPHY
Demography
The study and analysis of trends relating to human populations.
A study dates all the way back to ancient times, but has changed considerably over the years.

Rural and Urban differing views of family life

Rural families view multiple children and large kinship networks as critical economic investments.
Urban families limit their children because parents are committed to their respective professions.
Less developed regions of the world that rely on agriculture tend to maintain high levels of population
growth.

POPULATION PROBLEMS
Population
A group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space.

Over population
A condition when an organism number exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat.
The ratio of population to available resources.
World Population Growth
6000 BCE the world’s population was 5 million.
By 1 CE, the world’s pop was over 250 million.
200 years ago, the world’s pop reached 1 billion.
1960, the world’s pop was 3 billion.
Today – over 7.2 billion, we reached 7 billion on Oct 31, 2011.

LIFE EXPECTANCY
Life Expectancy
The average number of years that an adult is expected to live.
1700 people had a life expectancy to 30 years.
In Japan, Korea and over 100 years

Reasons for Over Population

*Increase in birth rate
*Decrease in death rate
*Better medical facilities
*Increase Immigration
*Decrease in Emigration *Illiteracy
Increase in birth rate
Birth rate is the number of child born which causes increase in population.

Decrease in Death Rate

Death rate is expressed in units of deaths which Leads to the development of technologies has resulted in
decrease in death rate.

Illiteracy
A lack of knowledge towards family planning, for male child are some of the factors which causes
increase in population.

Better Medical facility

Better health and control of various diseases like TB, Small pox, cancer, has resulted in increase of
population.

EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION

*Air pollution
*Water pollution
*Unemployment
*Illiteracy
*Poverty
*Food resources
*Diseases

Population Rates
Components of population changes:
*How many people are born
*How many people die, and
*How many move in or out of an area
Population Change Equation:
*Births – deaths
*immigrants (people moving into country)
*emigrants (people moving out of the country)
*increase or decrease in population

Population Growth after 1750

*Rapid changes in population growth after 1750
*Agricultural revolution
*Hygiene and medical knowledge improved
*Birth rates remained high for a number of years
*Economic development
*Move to cities
*Rising standards of living

Effects on Natural Resources:

*In the future, fossil fuel from oil fields will run dry.
*Existing agro systems will become too overburdened.
*Pastures will be overgrazed by domestic animals.
*The industrial growth required to meet the demands of rising population will reinforce pollution.
*The seas will experience a decline in the fish population.
*Larger ozone holes will develop due to industrial chemicals into the atmosphere.

CHINA
Largest group of refugees comes from China.
More money spent on refugee claims than on immigrant claims.
The growing gap between rich and poor, unrest in the countryside, government corruption, and
staggering environmental challenges all threaten to derail the country's dreams.

GLOSSARY

Demography - the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.

Global City - an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub
within a globalized economic system.

Over population - A condition when an organism number exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat.

Population - is a number of all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular
geographical area and are capable of interbreeding.

REFLECTION

ASSIGNMENT

1. Give the consequences of population explosion in an objective manner.

2. What is the best solution in reducing the population explosion in the country and how can we control
the growth of population?

1 Thessalonians 5:11: “Therefore encourage one another and build one another up, just as you are
doing.”